專業(yè)八級(jí)分類模擬396

專業(yè)八級(jí)分類模擬396（總分：100.00，做題時(shí)間：90分鐘）一、LANGUAGEUSAGE、題數(shù)：4,分?jǐn)?shù)：100.00）BillGatesmaybeoneofthesmartestguysinthecountry,butevenhe"sannoyedathavingtorememberasortofpersonalpasswordsforactivitieslikewithdrawingmoneyandgoingonline.Healsothinksthey"resecure.Atlastweek"sComdexcomputer1conventioninLasVegas,theMicrosoftCEOrailedthepasswordas2a"weaklink".Oneofhisproposedsolutionsarebiometrics,the3measuringofuniquecharacteristicslikethefingerprintsandtheirisoftheeyeforthepurposeofverifyingidentification.4Thatdelightedaboutthedozenorsocompaniesthatbrought5biometrictechnologytoComdex.Mostlystart-ups,theycametoVegasshoppingschemestoidentifyyouinyourhands,youreyes,6yourvoice,eventhewayyoutype."WewanttoseeabiometricsrowineveryCompUSA,rightnexttojoysticksandprinters."SaysKevinCorsonofTrueTouch,amakerofsoftwarethatworkswithvariousformsofthetechnology.ComdexattendantseagerlylinedonatthecounterofIriScan,a7firmbasedinMarlton,N.J.,toholdascanner ——itlookedabitlikeahairdryer —aboutthreeinchesfromtheireyes.Thedeviceworksbytakingavideoimageoftheiris,breakingtheimageintocircularframeworksandanalyzedtheuniquepatternswithineacharea.The8 _companysaysthere"sonlyaone-in-10chancesthattwopeople"siris9 _willmatchinitssystem.AcompanycalledIdenticator,inSanBruno,Calif.,isaimingalittlelower—atyourforefingers.ThecompanylicensesitsscannerstoCompaqandothercompanies,whichcombinethemwithkeyboardsandmiceorsellthemas$100stand-aloneunitsthatyoucanputintoyourcomputer.10 （分?jǐn)?shù)：25.00）解析：secure—insecure［解析］語(yǔ)義錯(cuò)誤。文章第一句提到“比爾?蓋茨不喜歡記一些用于取錢和上網(wǎng)的密碼”，下文講到“比爾?蓋茨認(rèn)為密碼是脆弱的鏈條”， 可見他認(rèn)為密碼是不安全的， 因此使用insecure。解析：railedA—against/at［解析］介詞缺失。rail當(dāng)“批評(píng)，攻擊”講時(shí)是不及物動(dòng)詞，需要跟介詞against或者at才能接賓語(yǔ)。解析：are—is［解析］主謂不一致。主語(yǔ)是Oneofhisproposedsolutions ，這種情況下要根據(jù)one來(lái)決定謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)，因此需要使用單數(shù) is。解析：identification—identity［解析］名詞誤用。identification是identify 的抽象名詞形式，表示“辨認(rèn)，鑒定，證明”，而identity 則是具體名詞，表示“身份”，這里是指“通過(guò)測(cè)定某些獨(dú)一無(wú)二的特征如指紋和虹膜來(lái)辨別人的身份”，因此需要使用。identity。解析：about—［解析］副詞冗余。adozenorso與thedozenorso 均為固定搭配，意為“大約十幾個(gè)”，about意為“大約”，與之語(yǔ)義重復(fù)，應(yīng)去掉。解析：in—by［解析］介詞誤用。通過(guò)身體的某個(gè)部位進(jìn)行辨別需要使用介詞 by。解析：on—up［解析］固定搭配中的介詞誤用。lineup表示“排隊(duì)"，不能使用 on。解析：analyzed—analyzing［解析］非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞誤用。此處analyze和前面的taking以及breaking一起作by的賓語(yǔ)，因此使用動(dòng)名詞形式。解析：chances—chance［解析］名詞單復(fù)數(shù)錯(cuò)誤。chance前面的數(shù)詞是one-in-10，表示十分之一，因此應(yīng)該用單數(shù)形式chance。解析：put—plug［解析］動(dòng)詞誤用。這里是說(shuō)“把這個(gè)組件銅鼓插槽連接到計(jì)算機(jī)上”，而不是放進(jìn)計(jì)算機(jī)里面，因此使用plug。Contrarytowhatmanypeoplethink,depressionisnotanormalpartofgrowingolder.Orisithardertotreatinolderpeople.11Butitisoftenhardertorecognizeandhardertogetpatientsaccept12andcontinuewithtreatment."Mostpeoplethinksadnessisahallmarkofdepression,"Brucesaid."Hencemoreofteninolderpeopleit"sanhedonia —13they"renotenjoyinglife.They"reirritableandcranky."Sheadded:"Manyolderpeopledesperateoverthequalityoftheirlivesatthe14endoflife.Iftheyhaveafunctionalabilityorseriousmedical15illness,itmaymakeithardertonoticedepressioninolderpeople."Familymembers,friendsandmedicalpersonnelmusttake16seriouslywhenanolderpersonsays"Lifeisnotworthlive,""I17don"tseeanypointinliving,""I"dbebetteroffdead"or"MyfamilywouldbebetteroffifIdied,"theexpertsemphasized."Listencarefully,empathizeandhelpthepersongetevaluatedfortreatmentorintotreatment,"Brownurged.Hewarnedthat"depressedolderadultstendtohavefewsymptoms"thanyounger18adultswhoaredepressed.Theidealapproach,ofcourse,istopreventdepressioninthefirstplace.Brownrecommendedthatolderadultsstructuredtheir19 _daysbymaintainingaregularcycleandplanningactivitiesthat"givethempleasure,purposeandareasonforliving."Hesuggested"socialactivitiesofanytype —joiningabookcluborbowlingleague,goingtoaseniorcenterorgym,takingcoursesatalocalcollege,hangingonoutatthecoffeeshop."20 _Brucesuggeststakingupanewinterestlikepaintingorneedleworkorvolunteeringataplaceofworship,schoolormuseum.Brownexplainsthatanyactivitythepersonisabletodocanhelptopreventdepressionandsillyideasofkillingoneself. （分?jǐn)?shù)：25.00）解析：Or—Nor［解析］連詞誤用。本句使用的是倒裝句型，而 or放在句首時(shí)，句子不倒裝，只有表示否定的連詞nor，neither等放在句首時(shí)句子才倒裝，并且根據(jù)第一句“恰與人們的常識(shí)相反，抑郁癥并不隨著人們年齡的增長(zhǎng)而加重”，可以判斷本句的含義是“老年人的抑郁癥也不難治愈”，因此可以判斷應(yīng)該使用Nor。解析：人accept—to［解析］動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to的缺失。getsb.todosth. 表示“讓某人做某事"，其中的動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to不能省略。解析：Hence—But［解析］銜接錯(cuò)誤。前句說(shuō)“很多人認(rèn)為悲傷是抑郁的標(biāo)志”，接著布魯斯說(shuō)“實(shí)際上老年患者則表現(xiàn)為缺乏幸福感一一他們不能享受生活。他們焦躁不安并且脾氣暴躁?！庇纱丝梢妰删湓捴g是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，而不是順承關(guān)系，所以使用 Buto解析：desperate—despair［解析］詞性混用。desperate和despair者B表示“絕望”，但是desperate是形容詞，不能直接作謂語(yǔ)，而 despair是動(dòng)詞。解析：ability—disability［解析］語(yǔ)義錯(cuò)誤。本句說(shuō)“如果這些人有身體殘疾或者嚴(yán)重疾病的話，人們就更難意識(shí)到這些老年人的抑郁癥了?！?afunctionaldisability 表示“殘疾”。解析：takeA—it［解析］It—句型錯(cuò)誤。本句中take的賓語(yǔ)是后面的賓語(yǔ)從句“whenanolderpersonsays...”，seriously是補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，因此需要it作形式賓語(yǔ)。解析：live—living［解析］固定搭配錯(cuò)誤。beworthdoingsth.表示“值得做什么"，必須使用動(dòng)詞-ing形式。解析：few—fewer［解析］形容詞比較級(jí)錯(cuò)誤。此處說(shuō)“老年人患抑郁癥的癥狀要比年輕患者少”，并且有明顯的比較連詞than，因此應(yīng)該使用比較級(jí)。解析：structured—structure］解析］虛擬語(yǔ)氣錯(cuò)誤。表示"建議”的動(dòng)詞如 suggest，recommend等后面接賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)需要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，從句謂語(yǔ)部分用 should+動(dòng)詞原形，should可以省略。解析：on—［解析］介詞冗余。此處句子意思為“到咖啡店里消磨時(shí)間”，應(yīng)該使用 hangout“消磨時(shí)間”。Manyanimalandevenplantspeciescommunicatewitheachother.Humansarenotuniqueinthiscapability.Therefore,human21languageisuniqueinbeingasymbolcommunicationsystemthatis22learnedinsteadofbiologicallyinherited.Awordisoneandmoresoundsthatincombinationwithaspecialmeaningassignedbyalanguage.Thesymbolicmeaningof23wordscanbesopowerfulthatpeoplearewillingtorisktheirlivesforthemortakethelivesofothers.Amajoradvantageofhumanlanguageisbeingalearned24symboliccommunicationsystemisthatitisinfinitelyflexible.Meaningscanbechangedandnewsymbolscreate.Thisis25evidencedbythefactwhichnewwordsareinventeddailyandthe26meaningofoldoneschanges.Languagesevolveinresponsetochangehistoricalandsocialconditions.Somelanguage27transformationstypicallyoccurinagenerationormore.Forinstance,theslangwordsusedbyyourparentswereverydifferentfromitthatyouusetoday.Youalsoprobablyarefamiliarwithmany28technicalterms,suchas"textmessaging"and"highdefinitionTV",whichwerenotingeneraluseevenadecadeago.Languageandspeecharenotthesamething.Speechisabroadtermsimplyreferredtopatternedverbalbehavior.Incontrast,29 _alanguageisasetofrulesforgeneratingspeech.Adialectisavariantofalanguage.Ifassociatedwithageographicallyisolatedspeechcommunity,itisreferredtoaregionaldialect.However,if30 _itisspokenbyaspeechcommunitythatismerelysociallyisolated,itiscalledasocialdialectwhichismostlybasedonclass,gender,age,andparticularsocialsituations. （分?jǐn)?shù)：25.00）解析：Therefore—However［解析］銜接副詞誤用。上文提到"交流并不是人類獨(dú)有的能力”， 下文則說(shuō)“人類語(yǔ)言作為一種只能被習(xí)得而非遺傳的符號(hào)化溝通系統(tǒng)是獨(dú)一無(wú)二的”。 可見兩句話之間應(yīng)該是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故將Therefore改成However。解析：symbol—symbolic［解析］詞性混用。symbol表示“符號(hào)"，是名詞。句中被修飾的是名詞短語(yǔ)communicationsystem，應(yīng)該使用形容詞symbolic"符號(hào)的"。句意為“人類語(yǔ)言作為一種只能被習(xí)得而非遺傳的符號(hào)化溝通系統(tǒng)是獨(dú)一無(wú)二的。”解析：special—specific［解析］形近詞誤用。special表示“特殊的"，而specific表示“特定的”，一個(gè)單詞對(duì)應(yīng)的應(yīng)是一個(gè)特定的意思，故應(yīng)使用 specific。解析：is—［解析］be動(dòng)詞冗余。此句主干為 Amajoradvantageofhumanlanguageisthat...，beingalearnedsymboliccommunicationsystem 為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾 humanlanguage，故應(yīng)把being前面的is去掉。句意為“人類語(yǔ)言作為一種符號(hào)化的溝通系統(tǒng)， 其最大的優(yōu)勢(shì)在于它的無(wú)限靈活性。”解析：create—created［解析］語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤。newsymbols與create之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故應(yīng)使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。為了避免重復(fù)，省略了謂語(yǔ)canbe，應(yīng)將create改為created。句意為“人們可以改變單詞的意思，也可以創(chuàng)造新的符號(hào)?！苯馕觯簑hich—that［解析］從句引導(dǎo)詞誤用。此處fact后面接的是同位語(yǔ)從句，而非定語(yǔ)從句，因此只能使用that引導(dǎo)。句意為“這被一個(gè)事實(shí)所證明，即每一天都有新的詞語(yǔ)被創(chuàng)造岀來(lái)，舊的詞語(yǔ)的意思發(fā)生改變。”解析：change—changing］解析］動(dòng)詞形式錯(cuò)誤。inresponseto中的to為介詞，而非不定式符號(hào)，后面應(yīng)該使用名詞或動(dòng)名詞，因此應(yīng)將 change改為changing。解析：it—those［解析］代詞誤用。from后面指代的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是上文中提到的 theslangwords，是復(fù)數(shù)形式，因此應(yīng)該使用代詞those。句意為“例如，你父母曾經(jīng)使用的俚語(yǔ)同你現(xiàn)在所使用的俚語(yǔ)大不相同。 ”解析：referred—referring］解析］非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞誤用。此處 term與referto 之間是主謂關(guān)系，因此應(yīng)該使用現(xiàn)在分詞referring而非過(guò)去分詞referred。句意為“言語(yǔ)是一個(gè)很寬泛的術(shù)語(yǔ)，指的是模式化的口頭表達(dá)行為。”解析：toA—as［解析］介詞缺失。bereferredtoas是固定搭配，意為“被稱為”。句意為“如果它同地理分布的言語(yǔ)社區(qū)有關(guān)系的話，就被稱為方言。”Movingfromthepoliticaltotheliteraryarenathroughoutthe1960sand1970s,feministcriticsbegantoexaminethetraditionalliterarycanonanddiscoverexampleafterexampleof31maledominanceandprejudicethatsupportedBeauvoir"sandMillett"sassertionwhichmalesconsideredthefemale"the32Other,"anunnaturalordeviatingbeing.First,stereotypesof33womenwereaboundedinthecanon:Womenweresexmaniacs,34goddessesofbeauties,mindlessentities,oroldspinsters.35Second,whileDickens,Wordsworth,Hawthorne,Thoreau,Twain,andahostofothermaleauthorsfoundtheirwayintotheestablishedliterarycanon,afewfemaleauthorsachievedsuch36status.Third,forthemostpart,therolesoffemale,fictionalizedcharacterswerelimitedtosecondarypositions,morefrequentthannotoccupyingminorpartswithinthestoriesor37 _TOC\o"1-5"\h\zsimplyavertingtothemale"sstereotypicalimagesofwomen.38 _Fourth,femalescholarssuchasVirginiaWoolfandSimonedeBeauvoirwereignored,theirwritingsseldom,ifnever,referred39 _tobythemalecr