虛擬語(yǔ)氣使用時(shí)應(yīng)注意的事項(xiàng)課件

虛擬語(yǔ)氣使用時(shí)應(yīng)該注意的事項(xiàng)語(yǔ)氣英語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞一般可帶有三種不同的語(yǔ)氣：陳述語(yǔ)氣，祈使語(yǔ)氣和虛擬語(yǔ)氣。不同的語(yǔ)氣用動(dòng)詞的不同形式（有的還借助句法形式）來(lái)表示。1.表示強(qiáng)烈與真理相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣句型Ifthesunweretoriseinthewest,howsurprisedthesesunflowerswouldbe!句型：if+主語(yǔ)+wereto+原形動(dòng)詞，主語(yǔ)+would/could/might/should/oughtto+原形動(dòng)詞。試造句：要是太陽(yáng)圍繞地球轉(zhuǎn)，世界該是什么樣的呢？Ifthesunweretogoaroundtheearth,whatkindofworlditwouldbe?3.butfor…要不是…….此句型僅限于與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)及過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。3.1與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反：若非……就……句型：Ifitwerenot+that從句（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）/for+名詞，主語(yǔ)+would/could/might/should/oughtto+原形動(dòng)詞=butfor+名詞，主語(yǔ)+would/could/might/should/oughtto+原形動(dòng)詞要不是他努力工作，我才不會(huì)喜歡他。Ifitwerenotthatheworkshard,Iwouldn’tlikehim.=Ifitwerenotforhishardwork,I…=Wereitnotforhishardwork,I…=Butforhishardwork,I…3.2與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反：若非當(dāng)時(shí)……就……句型：Ifithadnotbeen+that從句（一般過(guò)去時(shí)）/for+名詞，主語(yǔ)+would/could/might/should/oughtto+have+過(guò)去分詞=Butfor+名詞，主語(yǔ)+would/could/might/should/oughtto+have+過(guò)去分詞試造句：要不是他當(dāng)時(shí)借錢給我，我是無(wú)法買那本書的。Ifithadnotbeenthathelentmethemoney,Icouldn’thaveboughtthebook.=Ifithadnotbeenforthemoney(which)helentme,I…=Haditnotbeenforthemoney(which)helentme,I…=Butforthemoney(which)helentme,I…butfor可以用without替代，之后仍接名詞。造句：要不是他幫忙，我辦不成這件事。Butforhishelp,Icouldn’thavedoneit.=Withouthishelp,Icouldn’thavedoneit.要不是他及時(shí)警告，我已經(jīng)喪命了。Butforhistimelywarning,Imighthavedied=Withouthistimelywarning,Imighthavedied.4.lest…（should）…以免……lest為連接副詞，引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句。在該從句中，助動(dòng)詞一律用should，而should往往予以省略，但該從句中的動(dòng)詞仍用原形動(dòng)詞。我起早以免錯(cuò)過(guò)火車。IgotupearlylestI(should)missthetrain.我準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)以免他生氣。Iarrivedontimelesthe(should)beangry.5.asif…=asthough…仿佛/好像……asif或asthough均為連接副詞，引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句。使用時(shí)有三種時(shí)態(tài)：5.1表極大可能-----動(dòng)詞用一般時(shí)態(tài)看起來(lái)好像要下雨了。Itlooksasif(asthough)itisgoingtorain.5.2表與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反-----動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。王先生很愛(ài)我的孩子就像他們是他的孩子一樣。Mr.Wanglovesmychildrenasif(asthough)theywerehiskids.5.3表與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反-----動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)他當(dāng)時(shí)看起來(lái)好像什么都沒(méi)發(fā)生過(guò)一樣。Helookedasif(asthough)nothinghadhappened.注意：asif或asthough后面也可以接不定時(shí)短語(yǔ)，表即將發(fā)生的狀況：Sheopenedherlipsasif(shewasgoing)tospeak7.ifonly…要是……就好了。本句型只用于與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)或過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。換言之，本句型只能用一般過(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去完成時(shí)。要是他現(xiàn)在在這里就好了。Ifonlyhewerehere.=Iwishhewerehere.要是我早點(diǎn)知道這件事情就好了IfonlyIhadknownitearlier.=IwishIhadknownitearlier.注意區(qū)別于onlyif結(jié)構(gòu)。onlyif表示“只有……才”。如：Itoldhimhewouldsucceedonlyifhetriedhard.我告訴他，只有努力才能成功。Iwillonlycomehomeifyoucomewithme.（=Iwillcomehomeonlyifyoucomewithme.）只有你跟我一起走，我才回家。8.wish的用法wish之后接that從句時(shí)，一定要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如果與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；如果與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。也就是說(shuō)，that從句里不使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。試判斷以下句子哪句錯(cuò)了：Iwishheishere.Iwishhewerehere.Iwishhehadbeenhere.wish+that從句也可表示對(duì)將來(lái)狀況的虛擬，主句要用過(guò)去時(shí)助動(dòng)詞would/could/might+原形動(dòng)詞：Iwish(that)Iwould\couldgotomorrow.9.對(duì)過(guò)去事情猜測(cè)的三種句型：9.1musthave+過(guò)去分詞：一定曾經(jīng)……他博學(xué)多聞，一定受過(guò)良好教育。Heislearned;hemusthavereceivedagoodeducation.9.2mayhave+過(guò)去分詞：可能曾經(jīng)……他看起來(lái)很疲倦，可能昨晚熬夜到很晚。Helookstired;hemayhavestayeduplatelastnight.9.3cannothave+過(guò)去分詞：不可能曾經(jīng)……他是老實(shí)人，不可能偷了瑪麗的錢吧。Heishonest;hecannothavestolenMary’smoney.如果表猜測(cè)的結(jié)構(gòu)為疑問(wèn)句，要用“Can…h(huán)ave…?”句型判斷以下句子哪句錯(cuò)了：Mayhehavedoneit?Canhehavedoneit?四情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedonecouldhavedone本來(lái)可以---mighthavedone本來(lái)可能---should/oughttohavedone本來(lái)應(yīng)該做---shouldn’t/oughtnottohavedone本不該做--

你本不應(yīng)該告訴她真相。Youshouldn’thavetoldherthetruth.needn’thavedone本不必做（但是已經(jīng)做了）---

比較：didn’tneedtodo沒(méi)必要做也沒(méi)有做---我沒(méi)必要擦窗戶。我兄弟做了Ididn’tneedtocleanthewindows.Mybrotherdidit.wouldhavedone本來(lái)會(huì)去做----我沒(méi)有足夠的錢．否則我會(huì)買那本書的．Ididn’thaveenoughmoney,otherwiseIwouldhaveboughtthatbook.10意志動(dòng)詞的用法意志動(dòng)詞有“建議”、“要求”、“命令”、“規(guī)定”、“主張”五大類。這些動(dòng)詞后面接that從句，且從句做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句中要用助動(dòng)詞should,而should往往予以省略。建議：suggest;recommend;advise;urge(呼吁)；propose;move(提議)要求：ask;desire;demand;require;request;insist(堅(jiān)持要求)命令：order;command規(guī)定：rule;regulate;stipulate主張：advocate;maintain試填空：Theysuggestedthathe___homeontime(come).MarydesiredthatPeter____hernicely(treat).TheMayororderedthatthepoliceofficer_____investigated(be).Theprincipalruledthatnostudentshould___truant(play).看題：1.MysisteradvisedmethatI________accepttheinvitation.A.couldB.mustC.shouldD.might2.Heasksthathe________anopportunitytoexplainwhyhe'srefusedtogothere.A.isgivenB.mustgiveC.shouldgiveD.begiven3.Iinsistedthatwe________atonce.A.goneB.goC.wouldgoD.mightgoCDB11.that從句作同位語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)that從句如果置于由意志動(dòng)詞變成的名詞之后，而與該名詞形成同位語(yǔ)或者表語(yǔ)時(shí)，that從句中也要使用助動(dòng)詞should,而should往往予以省略。我建議他出國(guó)讀書。Itismysuggestionthathe(should)studyabroad.----that從句做suggestion一詞的同位語(yǔ)=Mysuggestisthathe(should)studyabroad----that從句在suggestion一詞之后做表語(yǔ)他們提議延期開(kāi)會(huì)。Theyraisedaproposalthatthemeetingbepostponed.----that從句做proposal一詞的同位語(yǔ)=Theirproposalisthatthemeetingbepostponed.----that從句在proposal一詞之后做表語(yǔ)。約翰期望有人能幫他寫信。ItisJohn’sdesirethatsomeonehelphimwritetheletter.=John’sdesireisthatsomeonehelphimwritetheletter.注意的意志動(dòng)詞變過(guò)來(lái)的常見(jiàn)名詞有：suggestion/proposal/order/plan/advice/idea/request

WhatdoyouthinkofWangFang'ssuggestionthatwe________Mr.Litotheparty？A.willinviteB.haveinvitedC.isinvitedD.inviteDChoosethebestanswer:Itisstrangethatthelittleboy_____speaktwoforeignlanguages.A.couldb.canC.shouldD.would2.Hegaveordersthattheexperiment____before5:30pm.A.befinishedB.willfinishC.mustbefinished3.He_____youmorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.A,mighthavegivenB.mightgiveC.mayhavegiven4.WithouttheleadershipoftheParty,there____noNewChina.A.wouldbe