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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-云南現(xiàn)代職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題
Whenitcomestoteaching(
),manyparentsbelievethatiftheyteachtheirchildrenandtreatthemkindly,thekidswillknowhowtobehave.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.mentality
B.morality
C.complicated
D.majority
【答案】B
【解析】考查名詞辨析。mentality心理,智力;morality道德,品行,美德;complicated復(fù)雜的;majority多數(shù)。句意:說到道德教育,許多家長相信如果他們溫和地教育孩子,對待孩子,孩子們就知道如何守規(guī)矩了。下文提到的內(nèi)容屬于道德品行范疇,故B項(xiàng)符合題意。答案B
2.單選題
Somesocialcriticstookadimviewoftheindustrialismofthenineteenthcentury,believingthatit()aharsh,crudelife-style.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.eradicated
B.facilitated
C.released
D.imagined
【答案】B
【解析】動詞詞義辨析。eradicate“根除,消滅”;facilitate“促進(jìn),助長”;release“釋放,發(fā)行”;imagine“想象,猜想”。句意:一些社會批判家對19世紀(jì)的工業(yè)化持悲觀態(tài)度,認(rèn)為它助長了一種嚴(yán)酷粗糙的生活方式。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
3.單選題
Therewasoncean()ideathattheearthwasflatandmotionless.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.absurd
B.intrinsic
C.eternal
D.offensive
【答案】A
【解析】句意:曾經(jīng)有一個(gè)荒謬的想法:認(rèn)為地球是平的,靜止的。
考查形容詞辨析。absurd荒謬的;可笑的;intrinsic本質(zhì)的;固有的;eternal永恒的;不朽的;offensive攻擊的;冒犯的;無禮的;討厭的。That從句解釋說明了idea(想法):認(rèn)為地球是平的,靜止的。因此A項(xiàng)符合句意。
4.單選題
MostofuswillnotwantmercykillingoreuthanasiauntilthelastminuteandevenassistedsuicidecampaignerslikeTimothyLearyoftenbackoutoftheactanddienaturaldeaths.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.propup
B.flinch
C.fallbehind
D.retain
【答案】B
【解析】句意:我們大多數(shù)人直到最后一刻才會想要安樂死或臨終關(guān)懷,甚至像蒂莫西?利里這樣的協(xié)助自殺活動家也常……這一行為,選擇自然死亡。A選項(xiàng)propup“支撐”;B選項(xiàng)flinch“退縮;畏懼”;C選項(xiàng)fallbehind“拖欠;落后”;D選項(xiàng)retain“保持;保留”?!斑@一行為”指的是安樂死,既然這位協(xié)助自殺活動家選擇了自然死亡,那么B選項(xiàng)“畏懼”符合題意。
5.單選題
Amongthemanysubjectsinschool,mathematicsisprobablythemost()one,dependingleastonastudent’sbackgroundandculture.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.universal
B.abstract
C.arbitrary
D.concrete
【答案】A
【解析】句意:在學(xué)校的許多科目中,數(shù)學(xué)可能是最全球化的一門,因?yàn)樗z毫不會取決于學(xué)生的文化背景。
考查形容詞辨析。universal普遍的,通用的,全世界的;abstract抽象的,純理論的;arbitrary任意的,武斷的,專制的;concrete實(shí)在的,具體的。根據(jù)后面句意“因?yàn)樗z毫不會取決于學(xué)生的文化背景”可知這里應(yīng)該指數(shù)學(xué)可能是最全球化的一門學(xué)科。
6.單選題
Amillionmotoristsleavetheircarsfilledupwithpetrolandwiththekeysintheignitioneveryday.Thevehiclesaresittinginpetrolstationswhiledriverspayfortheirfuel.TheAutomobileAssociation(AA)hasdiscoveredthatcarsareleftunattendedforanaveragethreeminutes—andsometimesconsiderablylonger—asdriversbuydrinks,sweets,cigarettesandotherconsumeritems—andthenpayatthecashtill.Withpaymentbythecreditcardmoreandmorecommon,itisnotunusualforadrivertobeoutofhiscarforaslongassixminutes,providingthecarthiefwithagoldenopportunity.
InanexclusiveAAsurvey,carriedoutatabusygarageonamainroadoutofLondon,300motoristswerequestionedoverthreedaysoftheholidayperiod.Twenty-fourpercentadmittedthatthey“always”or“sometimes”leavethekeysintheircar.Thismeansthatnationwide,amillioncarsdailybecomeeasytargetsfortheopportunistthief.
Formorethantenyearstherehasbeenabiggerriseincarcrimethaninmostothertypesofcrime.Anaverageofmorethantwocarsaminutearebrokeninto,vandalizedorstolenintheUK.Carcrimeaccountsforalmostathirdofallreportedoffenceswithnosignsthatthetrendisslowingdown.
Althoughtherearehighlyprofessionalcriminalsinvolvedincartheft,almost90percentofcarcrimeiscommittedbytheopportunist.Amateurthievesareaidedbyourowncarelessness.WhenAAengineerssurveyedontowncentercarparklastyear,tenpercentofthecarscheckedwereunlocked,afigurebackedbyaHomeOfficenationalsurveythatfound12percentofdriverssometimeslefttheircarsunlocked.TheAArecommendslockingupwheneveryouleavethecarandforhowevershortaperiod.Apartiallyopensun-rooforwindowisafurthercome-ontothieves.
Therearemanyothertrapstoavoid.TheHomeOfficehasfoundlittleawarenessamongdrivesaboutsafeparking.Mostmotoristsquestionedmadenoeffortstoavoidparkinginquietspotsawayfromstreetlights—justtheplacesthieves’love.TheAAadvisesdriverstoparkinplaceswithpeoplearound—thievesdon’tlikeaudiences.Leavingvaluablesinviewisaninvitationtothecriminals.AManchesterProbationaryServiceresearchproject,whichinterviewedalmost100carthieveslastyear,foundmanywouldinvestigateacoatthrownonaseat.Neverleaveanydocumentsshowingyourhomeaddressinthecar.Ifyouhaveagarage,useitandlockit—agaragecarisatsubstantiallylessrisk.
1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?
2.Whereinthepassagedoestheauthormentionleavingvaluablesinviewisaninvitationtothecriminals?
3.ThecartheftisduetoallofthefollowingEXCEPT(
).
4.Inordertopreventcartheft,peoplearerecommendedto
(
).
5.Themainpurposeofthispassageisto(
).
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Theuseofcreditcardsmayincreasetheriskofcartheft.
B.Itisadvisedthatthedriverstakecarkeyswiththem.
C.Mostcarsarestolenbyprofessionalthieves.
D.TheAAadvisesthatmotoristsleavetheircarslocked.
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.Thefirstparagraph.
B.Thesecondparagraph.
C.Thethirdparagraph.
D.Thelastparagraph.
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.people'scarelessness
B.unawarenessofsafeparking
C.coatleftonthecarseat
D.poorqualityofacarlock
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.parkcarsinquietplaces
B.useagarageandlockit
C.leaveasparecarkeyathome
D.becomeamemberofAA
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.analyzetheriseofthecartheftinBritain
B.reportthesurveyresultsbyAA
C.suggestthewaystoinvestigatecartheft
D.comparecarcrimewithothertypesofcrime
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:D
第3題:D
第4題:B
第5題:A
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第四段中的Althoughtherearehighlyprofessionalcriminalsinvolvedincartheft,almost90percentofcarcrimeiscommittedbytheopportunist.(雖然有高度職業(yè)犯罪涉及汽車盜竊,幾乎90%的汽車犯罪是由機(jī)會主義者干的)可知只有少數(shù)汽車是被職業(yè)竊賊偷走的,因此C選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)汽車是被職業(yè)竊賊偷走的”說法不正確。
2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章最后一段中的Leavingvaluablesinviewisaninvitationtothecriminals(把貴重物品放在顯眼的地方是對罪犯的一種誘惑)可知選D。
3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第四段中的Amateurthievesareaidedbyourowncarelessness(我們自己的粗心大意給那些業(yè)余小偷助了一臂之力)可知與A選項(xiàng)“人的粗心”相符;由第五段中的TheHomeOfficehasfoundlittleawarenessamongdrivesaboutsafeparking(內(nèi)政部發(fā)現(xiàn),駕車者對安全停車的意識很低)可知與B“未意識到安全停車”相符;由第五段中的whichinterviewedalmost100carthieveslastyear,foundmanywouldinvestigateacoatthrownonaseat.(這個(gè)研究項(xiàng)目去年采訪了近100名偷車賊,發(fā)現(xiàn)許多偷車賊會翻看一件扔在座位上的外套)可知與C選項(xiàng)“留在汽車座椅上的外套”相符,故排除A、B、C選項(xiàng),因此選D,汽車鎖的質(zhì)量問題并沒有在文中提及。
4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章最后一段中的Ifyouhaveagarage,useitandlockit—agaragecarisatsubstantiallylessrisk.(如果你有一個(gè)車庫,使用它并鎖上它——停在車庫里風(fēng)險(xiǎn)要小得多)可知B選項(xiàng)“用車庫把它鎖上”符合題意。
5.主旨大意題。通讀全文,可知本文主要分析了英國汽車盜竊案上升的原因:駕駛員的粗心大意;安全停車意識低;將值錢物品放到顯眼處;外套扔在車座上等等,因此選A。
7.翻譯題
TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.
1.由于沒有具體證據(jù)可供利用,為探尋戲劇的起源,人們首先只能憑推測。
2.對于很多人而言,羅馬至多不過是對希臘更大規(guī)模地模仿和延續(xù),希臘是發(fā)明者,而羅馬則是研究和發(fā)展的分支。
3.大多數(shù)時(shí)候,僅僅是因?yàn)闊o法核實(shí)身份,這些惹是生非的個(gè)體躲在一個(gè)個(gè)假名字后面,保護(hù)自己不受其行為的影響。
4.園林不只是房屋的補(bǔ)充。園林滿足了更高層次的生活需求,而這種功能只有藝術(shù)才能實(shí)現(xiàn)。
5.更進(jìn)一步說,也有人認(rèn)為這個(gè)問題與樂觀與悲觀的爭論無關(guān),我們必須轉(zhuǎn)變看待和思考問題的方式。
【答案】1.Peoplecanonlyrelyonspeculationforexploringtheoriginofdramabecausethereisnoanyspecificevidenceavailableforuse.
2.Formanypeople,Romeatmostisnothingmorethanalarge-scaleimitationandcontinuationofGreece.GreeceistheinventorwhileRomeisabranchofresearchanddevelopment.
3.Mostofthetime,justbecauseidentitiescannotbeverified,thesetroublemakershidebehindfakenamestoprotectthemselvesfrombeingaffectedtheiractions.
4.Agardensismorethanacomplementtoahouses.Gardensmeettheneedsofahigherleveloflife,andthisfunctioncanonlyberealizedbyart.
5.Furthermore,somepeoplethinkthatthisissuehasnothingtodowiththedebateonoptimismandpessimism.Wemustchangethewayofviewingandponderingaproblem.
8.單選題
Thepoorindustrialisthadsaidthattheminimumwagewouldputhimoutofbusiness,()bythenobleacademicthatitwouldnotneedtoifheranhiscompanyproperly.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.tobeonlytold
B.onlybeingtold
C.onlytobetold
D.beingonlytold
【答案】C
【解析】語法和固定搭配。根據(jù)題意,空格前后的事情形成對比,存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。所以可排除選項(xiàng)B和D。句意:這位可憐的實(shí)業(yè)家曾經(jīng)說過,最低工資會讓他破產(chǎn),但是卻被這位高貴的學(xué)者告知,如果當(dāng)初正確經(jīng)營公司,就不會有這樣的結(jié)果。onlytobetold為固定搭配,“卻被告知”。沒有搭配tobeonlytold。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
9.單選題
Sincethesituationischanging,let’stakesome()measurestodealwithit.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.available
B.changeable
C.considerable
D.flexible
【答案】D
【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。available可獲得的;changeable多變的;considerable相當(dāng)大的,重要的;flexible靈活的。句意:既然情況在變化,讓我們采取一些靈活的措施來處理它。選項(xiàng)B和D在句意上似乎都可以,但這里修飾的名詞是measures,所以選項(xiàng)D更恰當(dāng)一些。
10.單選題
Bothchildrenseemedtobedoingeverythingtheycouldto____me,whenIwasalreadyinabadmoodbeforegettinghome.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.agitate
B.aggregate
C.aggravate
D.alleviate
【答案】C
【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】
A.agitate鼓動;使焦慮不安B.aggregate總計(jì)
C.aggravate(故意)激怒;惹惱D.alleviate減輕
【答案】C
【考查點(diǎn)】語義銜接與形近詞辨析
【解題思路】空格所在部分語義為“兩個(gè)孩子似乎都在盡他們所能地____我”,根據(jù)后文“回家之前我就已經(jīng)心情不好了”推測,兩個(gè)孩子的行為讓我心情更加不好了,C選項(xiàng)“(故意)激怒;惹惱”與原句語義銜接最緊密。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)agitate“鼓動;使焦慮不安”,“使焦慮”沒有“使惱火”符合原句語義;
B選項(xiàng)aggregate“總計(jì)”,為aggravate的形近詞,但不符合原句語義銜接;
D選項(xiàng)alleviate“減輕”,為aggravate的形近詞,但不符合原句語義銜接。
【句意】兩個(gè)孩子似乎都在千方百計(jì)地使我惱火,而我在回家之前就已經(jīng)心情不好了。
11.單選題
It’sageneralpracticeforsmallfactoriesto___moreworkersduringtimesofprosperity,andlayoffsomewhenrecessionhits.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.takein
B.takeover
C.takeon
D.takeup
【答案】C
【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)takein“吸收;領(lǐng)會;欺騙;接待;接受;理解;拘留;欺騙;讓……進(jìn)入;改短”;B選項(xiàng)takeover“接管;接收”;C選項(xiàng)takeon“承擔(dān);呈現(xiàn);具有;流行;接納;雇用;穿上”;D選項(xiàng)takeup“拿起;開始從事;占據(jù)(時(shí)間,地方)”。句意:對于小工廠來說,在經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮時(shí)期___更多的工人,在經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退時(shí)裁掉一些工人是普遍做法。根據(jù)和后文layoff“解雇;休息;停止工作”對比可知本句表達(dá)“在經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮時(shí)期雇傭更多的工人”。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
12.單選題
Therearelawstospecifytheperson(s)whowillobtainadeadperson's()ifnowillexists.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.heritage
B.fame
C.estate
D.prestige
【答案】C
【解析】名詞詞義辨析。heritage遺產(chǎn);fame名聲;estate房地產(chǎn),財(cái)產(chǎn);prestige威望。句意:法律規(guī)定,如果沒有遺囑,誰將獲得死者的遺產(chǎn)。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。
13.填空題
Mencannotmanufacturebloodasefficientlyaswomencan.Thismakessurgeryriskierformen.Menalsoneedmoreoxygenbecausetheydonotbreatheasoftenaswomen.Butmenbreathemoredeeplyandthisexposesthem(1)anotherrisk.Whentheairispolluted,theydrawmoreofit
(2)
theirlungs.
Amorerecentandchillingfindingistheeffectofautomobileandtruckexhaustfumes
(3)
children’sintelligence.Theseexhaustfumesarethegreatest
(
4)
ofleadpollutionincities.Researchershavefoundthatthechildrenwiththehighestconcentrationofleadintheirbodieshavethelowestscoresonintelligencetestsandthatboysscorelowerthangirls.Itispossiblethattheselowscoresareconnectedtothedeeperbreathingthatistypical
(5)
themale.
Men’sbonesarelargerthanwomen’sandtheyarearrangedsomewhatdifferently.Thefemininewalkthatevokessomanywhistlesisamatterofbonestructure.Menhavebroadershouldersanda
(6)
pelvis,whichenablesthemtostrideoutwithnowastemotion.Awoman’swiderpelvis,designedforchildbearing,forceshertoputmoremovementintoeachstepshetakeswiththeresultthatshedisplaysabitofajiggleandswayasshewalks.
Ifyouthinkamanisbravebecauseheclimbsaladdertocleanouttheroofgutters,don’tforgetthatitis
(7)
forhimthanforawoman.Theangle
(8)
whichawoman’sthighisjoinedtoherkneesmakesclimbingawkwardforher,nomatter
(9)
itisaladderorstairsoramountainthatsheisclimbing.
Aman’sskinisthickerthanawoman’sandnotnearlyassoft.Thethickness
(10)
thesun’sradiationfromgettingthrough,whichiswhymenwrinklelessthanwomendo.
Womenhaveathinlayeroffatjustundertheskinandthereisaplustothisgreaterfatreserve.Itactsasaninvisiblefurcoattokeepawoman(11)
inthewinter.
Womenalsostay
(12)
insummer.Thefatlayerhelpsinsulatethem(13)
heat.
Men’sfatisdistributeddifferently.Andtheydonothavethatlayerofitunderneaththeirskin.Infact,theyhaveconsiderably
(14)
fatthanwomenandmoreleanmass.Forty-onepercentofaman’sbodyismusclecomparedtothirty-fivepercentforwomen,whichmeansthatmenhavemoremusclepower.Whenit
(15)
tostrength,almost90percentofaman’sweightisstrength
(16)
toabout50percentofawoman’sweight.
Thehigherproportionofmuscle
(17)
fatmakesiteasierformentoloseweight.Muscleburnsupfivemorecaloriesapoundthanfatdoesjusttomaintainitself.Sowhenamangoes
(18)
adiet,thepoundsrolloffmuchfaster.
Forallmen’smuscularitytheydonothavetheenergyreserveswomendo.Theyhavemorestart-upenergy,butthefattuckedawayinwomen’snooksandcranniesprovidesarichenergyreservethatmenlack.
CardiologistsattheUniversityofAlabamawhotestedhealthywomenontreadmillsdiscoveredthatovertheyearsthefemalecapacityforexercisefarexceedsthemalecapacity.Awomanofsixtywhois
(19)
goodhealthcanexercise
(20)
to90percentofwhatshecoulddowhenshewastwenty.Amanofsixtyhasonly60percentleftofhiscapacityasatwenty-year-old.
【答案】1.考查介詞搭配。由前面內(nèi)容可知,男性造血功能不如女性,使得其外科手術(shù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更大;男性呼吸評率不如女性而需要更多的氧氣,因此深呼吸會讓他們遭受另一種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。exposeto意為“使遭受,使面臨”。
試題答案:to
2.考查介詞搭配。此句意為:當(dāng)空氣被污染時(shí),他們會把更多的空氣吸入他們的肺部。drawinto意為“吸入”。
試題答案:into
3.考查介詞搭配。此句意為:最近一個(gè)令人毛骨悚然的發(fā)現(xiàn)是汽車和卡車尾氣對兒童智力的影響。theeffectofsth.onsth.意為“某事對某事的影響”。
試題答案:on
4.考查上下文語義。此句意為:這些廢氣是城市鉛污染的最大來源。source意為“來源,起源”。
試題答案:source
5.考查介詞搭配。由文章第一段內(nèi)容可知男性在呼吸上比女性更深,此處根據(jù)調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)一步證實(shí)這個(gè)結(jié)論,表明低分?jǐn)?shù)可能與男性的深呼吸特征有關(guān)。typicalof意為“是……的典型特征”。
試題答案:of
6.考查上下文語義。由本段句首的“Men’sbonesarelargerthanwomen’sandtheyarearrangedsomewhatdifferently.”和空格后的“Awoman’swiderpelvis”可知表示對比,女性盆骨更寬,那么男性的盆骨更窄,因此填narrow的比較級narrower。
試題答案:narrower
7.考查上下文語義。由后面的“makesclimbingawkwardforher”攀登對女性而言是笨拙的,可推測攀登梯子對男性來說是容易的,根據(jù)居中的than可知用easy的比較級easier。
試題答案:easier
8.考查介詞搭配。atanankle意為“成一個(gè)角度”。
試題答案:at
9.考查固定句型。nomatterwhether...or意為“不管是……還是……”。
試題答案:whether
10.考查上下文語義。由后面的“whichiswhymenwrinklelessthanwomendo”這就是為什么男性比女性皺紋少的原因,可知此處表示這層厚度可以防止太陽輻射通過。prevent...from意為“阻止”。
試題答案:prevents
11.考查上下文語義。由空格前“Itactsasaninvisiblefurcoattokeepawoman...inwinter”它作為一件無形的毛皮大衣讓女人在冬天……,毛皮大衣在冬天的作用是保暖的,使女性保持溫暖,根據(jù)前面文章的內(nèi)容可知此處有與男性對比的含義,因此填warmer。
12.試題答案:warmer
考查上下文語義。此句意為:女性在夏天也會保持涼爽。根據(jù)前面文章的內(nèi)容可知此處有與男性對比的含義,因此填cooler。
試題答案:cooler
13.考查介詞搭配。此句意為:脂肪層有助于隔熱。insulateagainst意為“與……隔絕”。
試題答案:against
14.考查上下文語義。由本段句首“Men’sfatisdistributeddifferently.Andtheydonothavethatlayerofitunderneaththeirskin.”男性的脂肪分布方不同,他們自己的皮膚下面沒有那一層脂肪,說明男性比女性脂肪少,填less。
試題答案:less
15.考查上下文語義。referto意為“涉及”,主語it為單數(shù)形式,主謂一致原則,故填refer第三
人稱單數(shù)形refers。
試題答案:refers
16.考查上下文語義。compareto意為“與……相比”。
試題答案:compared
17.考查介詞搭配。theproportionofsth.tosth.意為“某物與某物的比例”。
試題答案:to
18.考查介詞搭配。goonadiet意為“節(jié)食”。
試題答案:on
19.考查介詞搭配。beingoodhealth意為“身體健康”。
試題答案:in
20.考查固定搭配。upto意為“多達(dá)”。
試題答案:up
14.填空題
Actingissuchanovercrowdedprofessionthattheonlyadvicethatshouldbegiventoayoungpersonthinkingofgoingonthestageis"Don't!"Butitisuselesstotrytodiscouragesomeone(1)feelsthathemustact,althoughthechancesofhisbecomingfamousare(2).Thenormalwaytobeginistogotoadramaschool.Usuallyonlystudentswhoshowpromiseand(3)areaccepted,andthecourselaststwoyears.Thentheyoung(4)oractresstakesupworkwithaplaycompany,usuallyasassistantstagemanager.Thismeans(5)everythingthatthereistodointhetheatre:paintingscenery,lookingafterthefurniture,takingcareoftheclothes,andevenactinginverysmallparts.Itisvery(6)workindeed,thehoursarelongandthesalaryistiny.Butyoungactorswiththestageintheirbloodare(7),waitingforthechanceofworkingwithabettercompany,orperhapsinfilmsortelevision.
Ofcourse,somepeoplehaveunusualchances,whichleadto(8)andsuccess(9)thislonganddulltraining.ConniePratt,forexample,wasjustanordinarygirlworkinginabicyclefactory.Afilmproducerhappenedto(10)sightofheronemorningwaitingatabusstop,ashe(11)pastinhisbigcar.Hetoldthebusdrivertostop,andhegotouttospeaktothegirl.Heaskedher(12)shewouldliketogotothefilmcompanytodoatest,andatfirstshethoughthewasjoking.Thenshegotangryandsaidshewouldcallthepolice.Ittooktheproducer(13)minutestotellConniethathewasserious.Thenanappointmentwasmadeforhertogotothecompanythenextday.Thetestwassuccessful.Theygavehersomenecessarylessonsandwithinafewweeksshewasplayingtheleading(14)inafilm,whichmadeherwell-knownovernight(15)thecountry.Ofcourse,shewasgivenadramaticname,whichisnowworldfamous.Butchanceslikethishappenonceinabluemoon!
【答案】1.who
2.small
3.talent
4.actor
5.doing
6.hard
7.happy
8.fame
9.without
10.catch
11.drove
12.if
13.twenty
14.part
15.throughout
【解析】1.后文“feelsthathemustact”為someone的后置定語,此處缺關(guān)系代詞,故選“who”。
2.整句話的含義為:試圖阻止那些自認(rèn)為他必須演戲的人是沒用的,盡管成名的機(jī)會…“Although”表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,由此可推斷“成名機(jī)會很小”符合邏輯,故選“small”。
3.“and”表并列,故此處應(yīng)選擇與“promise希望”同類名詞,選項(xiàng)中“talent天賦”符合要求。
4.“or或者”表并列,故此處應(yīng)選擇與“actress女演員”的同類名詞,故選“actor男演員”。
5.“meandoingsth.意味著做某事”,故此處選“doing”。
6.前文提到作為舞臺監(jiān)督助理需要承擔(dān)的一系列工作,以及后文提到工作時(shí)間長,薪水少,可知“這份工作很辛苦”,故選“hard辛苦的”。
7.“But但是”表轉(zhuǎn)折,此處填入的詞應(yīng)與前文“辛苦的工作”形成反差,“happy”符合邏輯,整句話的含義為:但是這些將演戲融入自己血液的年輕人是快樂的,他們在等待機(jī)會去一個(gè)更好的公司或者出演電影電視。故選“happy”。
8.“and”表并列,此處應(yīng)選擇與“success成功”同類名詞,故選“fame名氣”。
9.前文提到“有些人因獲得不尋常的機(jī)會而成名”和后文普通女孩ConniePratt的例子可知她“沒有經(jīng)過漫長且枯燥的訓(xùn)練”,故選“without沒有”。
10.“catchsightofsb.看見某人”為固定短語,故選“catch”。
11.后文提到“inhisbigcar在他的大車中”,可推測此處應(yīng)選擇與“車子”相關(guān)的詞,“drivepast”即“駕車駛過”,符合原文,本句描述過去發(fā)生的事件,故選drive的過去式“drove”。
12.根據(jù)語境及整句話含義“他問她(ConniePratt)…想去電影公司做測試,開始ConniePratt覺得他在開玩笑…”推斷此處選“if是否”。
13.由下文“minutes分鐘”可知這里需要選擇一個(gè)描述時(shí)間的量詞,故選數(shù)詞“twenty”。
14.“playtheleadingpart擔(dān)任主角”為固定短語,“part”此處為“角色”的意思。
15.“throughoutthecountry全國”為固定短語,故選“throughout遍及”。
15.不定項(xiàng)選擇題
Weallknowthatthenormalhumandailycycleofactivityisofsome7-8hours’sleepalternatingwithsome16-17hours’wakefulnessandthat,broadlyspeaking,thesleepnormallycoincideswiththehoursofdarkness.Ourpresentconcerniswithhoweasilyandtowhatextentthiscyclecanbemodified.
Thequestionisnomereacademicone.Theease,forexample,withwhichpeoplecanchangefromworkinginthedaytoworkingatnightisaquestionofgrowingimportanceinindustrywhereautomationcallsforround-the-clockworkingofmachines.Itnormallytakesfromfivedaystooneweekforapersontoadapttoareversedroutineofsleepandwakefulness,sleepingduringthedayandworkingatnight.Unfortunately,itisoftenthecaseinindustrythatshiftsarechangedeveryweek,apersonmayworkfrom12midnightto8a.m.oneweek,8a.m.to4p.m.thenext,and4p.m.to12midnightthethirdandsoon.Thismeansthatnosoonerhashegotusedtooneroutinethanhehastochangetoanother,sothatmuchofhistimeisspentneitherworkingnorsleepingveryefficiently.
Theonlyrealsolutionappearstobetohandoverthenightshifttoanumberofpermanentnightworkers.Aninterestingstudyofthedomesticlifeandhealthofnight-shiftworkerswascarriedoutbyBrownin1957.Shefoundahighincidenceofdisturbedsleepandotherdisordersamongthoseonalternatingdayandnightshifts,butnoabnormaloccurrenceofthesephenomenaamongthoseonpermanentnightwork.
Thelattersystemthenappearstobethebestlong-termpolicy,butmeanwhilesomethingmaybedonetorelievethestrainsofalternatedayandnightworkbyselectingthosepeoplewhocanadaptmostquicklytothechangesofroutine.Onewayofknowingwhenapersonhasadaptedisbymeasuringhisbodytemperature.Peopleengagedinnormaldaytimeworkwillhaveahightemperatureduringthehourofwakefulnessandlowoneatnight;whentheychangetonightworkthepatternwillonlygraduallygobacktomatchthenewroutineandthespeedwithwhichitdoessoparallels,broadlyspeaking,theadaptationofthebodyasawhole,particularlyintermsofperformance.Therefore,bytakingbodytemperatureatintervalsoftwohoursthroughouttheperiodofwakefulnessitcanbeseenhowquicklyapersoncanadapttoareversedroutine,andthiscouldbeusedasbasisforselection.Sofar,however,suchaformofselectiondoesnotseemtohavebeenappliedinpractice.
1.Whyisthequestionof“howeasilypeoplecangetusedtoworkingatnight”notamereacademicquestion?
2.Themainproblemoftheround-the-clockworkingsystemliesin.
3.Thebestsolutionforimplementingthe24-hourworkingsystemseemstobe.
4.Itispossibletofindoutifapersonhasadaptedtothechangesofroutinebymeasuringhisbodytemperaturebecause.
5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Becausefewpeopleliketoreversethecycleofsleepandwakefulness.
B.Becausesleepnormallycoincideswiththehoursofdarkness.
C.Becausepeoplearerequiredtoworkatnightinsomefieldsofindustry.
D.Becauseshiftworkinindustryrequirespeopletochangetheirsleepinghabits.
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.theinconveniencesbroughtabouttotheworkersbytheintroductionofautomation
B.thedisturbanceofdailylifecycleofworkerswhohavetochangeshiftstoofrequently
C.thefactthatpeopleworkingatnightareoftenlesseffective
D.thefactthatitisdifficulttofindanumberofgoodnightworkers
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.tochangeshiftsatlongerintervals
B.tohavelongershifts
C.toarrangeforsomepeopletoworkonnightshiftsonly
D.tocreatebetterlivingconditionsfornightworkers
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.bodytemperaturechangeswhenthecycleofsleepandwakefulnessalternates
B.bodytemperaturechangeswhenhechangestonightshiftorback
C.thetemperaturereverseswhentheroutineischanged
D.peoplehavehighertemperatureswhentheyareworkingefficiently
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.Bodytemperaturemayserveasanindicationofaworker’sperformance.
B.Theselectionofanumberofpermanentnightshiftworkershasprovedtobethebestsolutiontoproblemsoftheround-the-clockworkingsystem.
C.Takingbodytemperatureatregularintervalscanshowhowapersonadaptstothechangesofroutine.
D.Disturbedsleepoccurslessfrequentlyamongthoseonpermanentnightordayshifts.
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:B
第3題:C
第4題:D
第5題:B
【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。題干:為什么說“人們適應(yīng)夜間工作能有多容易”的問題不只是一個(gè)學(xué)術(shù)問題?A選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)楹苌儆腥讼矚g顛倒睡眠和清醒的周期”;B選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)槿藗兪窃谕砩纤X的”;C選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)槿藗儽灰蠊ぷ髟谛枰贤戆嗟男袠I(yè)里工作”;D選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樵诠I(yè)中輪班工作要求人們改變他們的睡眠習(xí)慣”。根基題干定位到第二段第二句話Theease,forexample,withwhichpeoplecanchangefromworkinginthedaytoworkingatnightisaquestionofgrowingimportanceinindustrywhereautomationcallsforround-the-clockworkingofmachines(例如,在自動化要求機(jī)器24小時(shí)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的工業(yè)中,人們能否從白天工作改為晚上工作就成為一個(gè)越來越重要的問題),因?yàn)橛行┕S需要24小時(shí)有人在的,這就導(dǎo)致工廠不得不實(shí)行輪班制度,所以答案選D,A、B、C不符合題意。
第2題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干:24小時(shí)工作制的主要問題在于……A選項(xiàng)“自動化的引入給工人們帶來的不便”;B選項(xiàng)“對工人日常生活周期的干擾,他們不得不頻繁地?fù)Q班”;C選項(xiàng)“人們在夜間工作往往效率較低”;D選項(xiàng)“事實(shí)上很難找到一些好的夜班工人”。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段第三四句Itnormallytakesfromfivedaystooneweekforapersontoadapttoareversedroutineofsleepandwakefulness,sleepingduringthedayandworkingatnight.Unfortunately,itisoftenthecaseinindustrythatshiftsarechangedeveryweek,apersonmayworkfrom12midnightto8a.m.oneweek,8a.m.to4p.m.thenext,and4p.m.to12midnightthethirdandsoon.(一個(gè)人通常需要五天到一周的時(shí)間來適應(yīng)一種相反的睡眠和清醒的常規(guī),白天睡覺,晚上工作。不幸的是,在工業(yè)中經(jīng)常是這樣的情況,輪班是每周改變的,一個(gè)人第一個(gè)星期可能從午夜12點(diǎn)工作到早上8點(diǎn),下個(gè)星期從早上8點(diǎn)工作到下午4點(diǎn),第三個(gè)星期從下午4點(diǎn)工作到午夜12點(diǎn),以此類推),從這里可以推斷,在需要輪班的某些行業(yè),當(dāng)人們開始適應(yīng)這個(gè)休息周期后又需要換新的了,所以對工人的困擾是B。
第3題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干:實(shí)現(xiàn)24小時(shí)工作制的最佳解決方案似乎是……A選項(xiàng)“以更長的時(shí)間間隔換班”;B選項(xiàng)“更長的輪班時(shí)間”;C選項(xiàng)“安排一些人只上夜班”;D選項(xiàng)“為夜班工人創(chuàng)造更好的生活條件”。第三段第一句話Theonlyrealsolutionappearstobetohandoverthenightshifttoanumberofpermanentnightworkers.(唯一真正的解決辦法似乎是把夜班交給一些長期從事夜班工作的人),C選項(xiàng)是該句的同義替換,所以答案選C。其他選項(xiàng)不符題意。
第4題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干:通過測量一個(gè)人的體溫來判斷他是否適應(yīng)了日常生活的變化是可能的,因?yàn)椤瑼選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)睡眠和清醒交替時(shí),體溫會發(fā)生變化
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