考研考博-英語-川南幼兒師范高等?？茖W(xué)校押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-川南幼兒師范高等專科學(xué)校押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Sheboughtahousenearthesealastyearsoshecouldtakea（）alongthebeachwhenevershewantedto.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.stroll

B.stride

C.stretch

D.strand

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。stroll"散步,漫步";stride"大步";stretch"延伸,延續(xù)";strand"（線、繩、發(fā)的）股;縷"。句意：她去年在海邊買了一所房子，這樣她就可以隨時(shí)在海灘上散步了。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

2.單選題

Thenewcomersfounditimpossibleto（

）themselvestotheclimatesufficientlytomakepermanenthomesinthenewcountry.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.suit

B.adapt

C.regulate

D.coordinate

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。根據(jù)固定搭配adaptoneselfto“使自己適應(yīng)于……”，suitto“合適于，相稱”；沒有搭配regulateto和coordinateto，可排除C和D選項(xiàng)。句意：新來的人發(fā)現(xiàn)他們不可能使自己充分適應(yīng)新國(guó)家的氣候，而永久定居。因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.單選題

SomeAfricanAmericanshavehadaprofoundimpactonAmericansociety,changingmanypeople’sviewsonrace,historyandpolitics.ThefollowingisasamplingofAfricanAmericanswhohaveshapedsocietyandtheworldwiththeirspiritandtheirideals.

MuhammadAliCassiusMarcellusClaygrewupadevoutBaptistinLouisville,Kentucky,learningtofightatage12afterapoliceofficersuggestedhelearntodefendhimself.Sixyearslater,hewasanOlympicboxingchampion,goingontowinthreeworldheavyweighttitles.Hebecameknownasmuchforhisswagger（趾高氣揚(yáng)）outsidetheringashismovementinit,convertingtoIslamin1965,changinghisnametoMuhammadAliandrefusingtojointheU.S.Armyonreligiousgrounds.AliremainedpopularafterhisathleticcareerendedandhedevelopedParkinson’sdisease,evenlightingtheOlympictorchatthe1996AtlantaOlympicsandconveyingthepeacefulvirtuesofIslamfollowing

theSeptember11terroristattacks.

W.E.B.DuBoisBomWilliamEdwardBurghardtDuBoisin1868,thisMassachusettsnativewasoneofthemostprominent,prolificintellectualsofhistime.Anacademic,activistandhistorian,DuBoisco-foundedtheNationalAssociationfortheAdvancementofColoredPeople(NAACP),edited“TheCrisis”magazineandwrote17books,fourjournalsandmanyotherscholarlyarticles.Inperhapshismostfamouswork,“TheSoulsofBlackFolk,”publishedin1903,hepredicted“theproblemof20thcenturywouldbetheproblemofthecolor-line.’’

MartinLutherKingJr.TheRev.MartinLutherKingJr.isconsideredoneofthemostpowerfulandpopularleadersoftheAmericancivilrightsmovement.Hespearheaded(帶頭，做先鋒)amassive,nonviolentinitiativeofmarches,sit-ins,boycottsanddemonstrationsthatprofoundlyaffectedAmericans’attitudestowardracerelations.HewasawardedtheNobelPeacePrizein1964.

MalcolmXBlackleaderMalcolmXspokeoutabouttheconceptsofraceprideandblacknationalismintheearly1960s.Hedenouncedtheexploitationofblackpeoplebywhitesanddevelopedalargeanddedicatedfollowing,whichcontinuedevenafterhisdeathin1965.Interestintheleader

surgedagainafterSpikeLee’s1992movie“MalcolmX”wasreleased.

JackieRobinsonIn1947,JackieRobinsonbrokethecolorbarrierbyjoiningtheBrooklynDodgers,becomingthefirstblackbaseballplayerintheU.S.majorleagues.Afterretirementfrombaseballin1957,heremainedactiveincivilrightsandyouthactivities.In1962,hebecamethefirstAfrican-AmericantobeinductedintotheBaseballHallofFame.

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutMuhammadAli?

2.Theitalicizedword“prolific”(Line2,Para.3)issynonymousto（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrue?

4.Whatiscommonamongthecelebritiesmentionedinthepassage?

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbeatitleofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Heneverservedinthearmy.

B.Helearnedtofightatanearlyage.

C.Hispopularitydecreasedafterhisretirementfromboxing.

D.Helovespeace.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.smart

B.skilled

C.productive

D.pioneering

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.W.E.B.DuBoiswasengagedinthecauseofpromotingthestatusofcoloredpeople.

B.JackieRobinsonwasdeniedbyU.S.majorbaseballleaguesthroughouthislife.

C.MartinLutherKingJr.washighlyawardedforhiscontributionstothecivilrightsmovements.

D.MalcolmXdirectlyorindirectlyinspiredinterestinleadershipevenafterhisdeath.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Eachachievedenormoussuccessinhis/herfieldandwashighlyrecognized.

B.Eachwasdevotedtohis/hercausebutdidn’twinrecognitionuntildeath.

C.Allwereactiveandfamousinseveralfieldsintheirlifetime.

D.Alllovedpeaceandremainedactiveincivilrightsactivities.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.LifeofFamousAfricanAmericans

B.InfluenceofFamousAfricanAmericans

C.PoliticalPioneers:IconsandIntellectuals

D.CulturalPioneers:IconsandIntellectuals

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。原文第二段尾句指出Aliremainedpopularafterhisathleticcareerended(Ali在運(yùn)動(dòng)生涯結(jié)束后仍然很受歡迎)。C選項(xiàng)說從拳擊退役后，他的聲望下降了,與原文不符。

2.語義題。Prolific形容intellectuals,原文第三段第二句wrote17books,fourjournalsandmanyotherscholarly

articles可知，這里要表達(dá)的是“豐富的才能,足智多謀”，productive最相符。

3.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到Jackie段落，JackieRobinsonbrokethecolorbarrier...firstblackbaseballplayer(JackieRobinson打破了膚色障礙,成為第一個(gè)黑人棒球運(yùn)動(dòng)員)。B選項(xiàng)與此不符。

4.細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。文中提到的每個(gè)名人在其領(lǐng)域都取得了巨大的成就并且被高度認(rèn)可。

5.主旨大意題。本文只介紹了一些非裔美國(guó)人在政治和文化方面的生平事跡，但是并沒有著重于他們帶來的影響。

4.翻譯題

工作使人忙碌，讓人不會(huì)感到寂寞、孤獨(dú)。工作給人以充實(shí)感和成就感。研究表明，人們無事可做時(shí)會(huì)感到不愉快、憂慮、孤獨(dú)。相反，忙于工作的人感到最愉快。許多熱愛事業(yè)、卓有成就的人感到在努力工作時(shí)最幸福。工作起到人與現(xiàn)實(shí)之間的橋梁作用:通過工作，人們彼此接觸;通過集體活動(dòng)，人們得到友誼和溫暖。由此我們可以得出結(jié)論：工作能使人幸福,使人健康。

【答案】Workmakesonebusy,makesonefeelneitherlonelynorsolitary.Workgivesoneasenseofenrichmentandasenseofachievement.Researchindicatesthatpeoplefeelunhappy,concernedandsolitarywhentheyhavenothingtodo.Onthecontrary,peoplebusywiththeirworkfeelextremelyhappy.Manypeoplelovingtheircareerandhavingmadetheirprominentachievementsfeelveryhappywhileworkinghard.Workservesasabridgebetweenpeopleandreality.Throughwork,peopleareabletocomeintocontactwithoneanother.Throughcollectiveactivities,peoplegetfriendshipandwarmth.Thuswecanreachtheconclusionthatworkcanmakeonehappyandhealthy.

5.單選題

Thosewhowelcomedtherailwaysawitasmorethanarapidandcomfortablemeansofpassing.Theyactuallysawitasafactorinworldpeace.Theydidnotforeseethattherailwaywouldbejustonemoremeansfortherapidmovementofaggressivearmies.Noneofthemforesawthatthemorewearetogether—themorechancesthereareofwar.Anyboyorgirlwhoisoneofalargefamilyknowsthat.

Wheneveranynewinventionisputforward,thoseforitandthoseagainstitcanalwaysfindmedicalmentoapproveorcondemn.Theanti-railwaygroupproduceddoctorswhosaidthattunnelswouldbemostdangeroustopublichealth:theywouldproducecolds，catarrhs（黏膜炎）andconsumptions.Thedeafeningnoiseandtheglareoftheenginefirewouldhaveabadeffectonthenerves.Further,beingmovedthroughtheairatahighspeedwoulddograveinjurytodelicatelungs.Inthosewithhighblood-pressure,themovementofthetrainmightproduceapoplexy（中風(fēng)）.The

suddenplungingofatrainintothedarknessofatunnel,andtheequallysuddenrushintofulldaylight,wouldcausegreatdamagetoeyesight.Butthepro-railwaygroupwasofcourseabletoproduceequallyfamousmedicalmentosayjusttheopposite.Theysaidthatthespeedandswingofthetrainwouldequalizethecirculation,promotedigestion,tranquilizethenerves,andensuregoodsleep.

Theactualrolling-stockwasanythingbutcomfortable.Ifitwasatestofendurancetositforfourhoursoutsideacoachinrain,orinsideindirtyair,therailwayofferedlittlemoreinthewayofcomfort.Certainlythefirst-classcarriageshadcushionedseats;butthesecond-classhadonlynarrowbareboards,whilethethird-classhadnothingatall;noseatsandnoroof;theywerejustopentrucks.Sothatthird-classpassengersgainednothingfromthefewmodesexceptspeed.Inthematterofcomfort,indeedtheylost;theydid,onthecoaches,haveaseat,butnowtheyhadtostandalltheway,whichgaveopportunitiestothecomic（滑稽的）press.Thiskindofthing:Amanwasseenyesterdaybuyingathird-classticketforthenewLondonandBirminghamRailway.Thestateofhismindisbeingenquiredinto.

Awriterintheearlydaysofrailwayswrotefeelinglyofbothsecond-andthird-classcarriages.Hemadethesuggestionthatthedirectorsoftherailwaysmusthavesentallovertheworldtofindthehardestpossiblewood.Oftheopenthird-classtruckshesaidthattheyhadthepeculiarpropertyofmeetingtherainfromwhateverquarteritcame.Hedescribedthemashorizontalshower-baths,fromwhosesearchingpowertherewasnoescape.

1.Allboysandgirlsinlargefamiliesknowthat______.

2.Accordingtothosewhowelcomedtherailway,therailwayitselfshouldincludeallthefollowingexcept______.

3.Accordingtotheanti-railwaygroup,allthefollowingsaretruebut_____.

4.Wemaysafelyconcludethat_____.

5.Whatisthetoneofthispassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.aboyandagirlusuallyfightwhentheyaretogether

B.peopletendtobetogethermorethantheyusedtobe

C.alotofpeoplebeingtogethermakesfightslikely

D.railwayleadstheworldtopeace

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.therailwayenablespeopletotravelfast

B.therailwaybringscomforttopeople

C.therailwaymakestheworldpeaceful

D.therailwayleadstheworldtowaraswell

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.tunnelsaredangeroustopublichealth

B.thenoiseandtheglareoftheenginefiremayaffectpeople’snerves

C.therapidspeedthroughtheairdoesdamagetopeople’slungs

D.tothosewithhighblood-pressure,therapidspeedofthetraincausesthemtodie

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theauthorbelongstotheanti-railwaygroup

B.theauthorbelongstothefor-railwaygroup

C.theauthorspeakshighlyoftherailway

D.theauthormaynevertaketrainbecauseofitspotentialdangers

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Practical.

B.Satirical.

C.Humorous.

D.Exaggerated.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句，“themorewearetogether-themorechancesthereareofwar.Anyboyorgirlwhoisoneofalargefamilyknowsthat.”，可知男孩女孩們都知道，大家越是團(tuán)結(jié)在一起，發(fā)生戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的機(jī)會(huì)就越大，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Noneofthemforesawthatthemorewearetogether—themorechancesthereareofwar.”，可知沒有人預(yù)見到鐵路是發(fā)生戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)機(jī)會(huì)越來越多的原因。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第二句，“wouldbemostdangeroustopublichealth”，可知火車對(duì)人體健康是最危險(xiǎn)的。選項(xiàng)A可排除。根據(jù)文章第二段第三句，“Thedeafeningnoiseandtheglareoftheenginefirewouldhaveabadeffectonthenerves.”，可知噪音和眩光對(duì)人的神經(jīng)有影響，選項(xiàng)B可排除。根據(jù)第二段第四句，“woulddograveinjurytodelicatelungs.”，可知對(duì)人體肺部也有影響，選項(xiàng)C排除。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Theydidnotforeseethattherailwaywouldbejustonemoremeansfortherapidmovementofaggressivearmies.”，可知人們沒有預(yù)見鐵路是敵軍快速移動(dòng)的一種方式，可推斷出作者提出了火車的不好，表明了自己反對(duì)鐵路的立場(chǎng)，所以他是反鐵路組織的一員。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.作者態(tài)度題。文章第二段提到了火車會(huì)對(duì)身體健康等各方面帶來危害，最后一段還舉到了一位作家對(duì)火車描述的例子，可見作者是運(yùn)用了諷刺的語氣來描寫的。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

6.單選題

Shewasagreathelptoherfamilywhenherfathersufferedamental（）andhadtobehospitalized.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.destruction

B.disaster

C.damage

D.collapse

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A:destruction“破壞，毀滅”；B:disaster“災(zāi)難；不幸”；C:damage“損害”；D:collapse“崩潰；衰弱”。句意：當(dāng)她的父親精神上受到傷害，不得不住院時(shí)，她對(duì)家人幫助很大。根據(jù)句意，精神傷害應(yīng)為mentaldamage，故C為正確答案。

7.單選題

MissRosemaryAdangwentthroughthecompositioncarefullyto（）allerrorsfromit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.eliminate

B.terminate

C.illuminate

D.alleviate

【答案】A

【解析】同形詞辨析題。eliminate“排除；消除”；terminate“結(jié)束；終結(jié)”；illuminate“照亮”；alleviate“減輕；緩和”，“仔細(xì)地瀏覽作文”的目的是“排除錯(cuò)誤”，符合邏輯，所以此處應(yīng)該使用動(dòng)詞eliminate，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)A。句意為：羅斯瑪麗亞當(dāng)小姐仔細(xì)地瀏覽作文，以排除所有錯(cuò)誤。

8.單選題

Duringthereadinglesson,theteacheraskedstudentstoreadafew（

）fromthenovel.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pieces

B.essays

C.fragments

D.extracts

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析。句意:上閱讀課時(shí)，老師要求學(xué)生閱讀小說中的幾個(gè)。

pieces(完整的)作品;essay論文,文章;fragment片段,一般指文藝作品中的殘存部分；extract書本中的摘錄，選段等。故選D。

9.單選題

Haveyouseenthehandylittle______?It’sforseparatingeggyolksfromwhite.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.aerosol

B.crate

C.margarine

D.gadget

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.aerosol噴霧器B.crate大木箱；板條箱

C.margarine人造黃油D.gadget小器具；小配件

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】由第二句句意“這是用來分離蛋黃和蛋白的”可知，空格處是一種將雞蛋的蛋清和蛋白分離的工具，D項(xiàng)符合句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】你見過那個(gè)方便的小工具嗎？它可以用來分離蛋黃和蛋白的。

10.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.

Man’syouthisawonderfulthing:itissofullofanguishandofmagicandhenevercomestoknowitasitis,untilithasgonefromhimforever.

Itisthethinghecannotbeartolose;itisthethingwhosepassinghewatcheswithinfinitesorrowandregret;itisthethingwhoselosshemustlamentforever;itisthethingwhoselosshereallywelcomeswithasadandsecretjoy;thethingwouldneverwillinglyreliveagain,coulditberestoredtohimbyanymagic.

【答案】人的青春美妙絕倫，雖滿是痛楚，但魅力無限。年少時(shí)不了解青春為何物，當(dāng)其永逝，方才幡然大悟。

青春的逝去令人百般不舍，目睹其漸行漸遠(yuǎn)，難免觸目傷懷，悔不當(dāng)初。但青春不再卻又著實(shí)讓人悲喜交加?？杉幢闫孥E出現(xiàn)，時(shí)光倒流，卻也無人情愿重度那段青春歲月。

11.翻譯題

中國(guó)作為一個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家，面臨著發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)和保護(hù)環(huán)境的雙重任務(wù)。然而，我國(guó)人口眾多，資源相對(duì)不足，經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)模越來越大，經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展與資源和環(huán)境之間的矛盾日益突出。環(huán)境污染嚴(yán)重，生態(tài)狀況惡化、資源耗費(fèi)巨大、回收率低而導(dǎo)致環(huán)境破壞等問題，已成為中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)保持可持續(xù)發(fā)展的瓶頸。

從國(guó)情出發(fā)，中國(guó)在全面推進(jìn)現(xiàn)代化的進(jìn)程中，已將環(huán)境保護(hù)視為一項(xiàng)基本國(guó)策，將實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展視為一項(xiàng)重要戰(zhàn)略，同時(shí)在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)開展污染防治工作和生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)活動(dòng)，環(huán)境惡化的狀況基本得到了控制。實(shí)踐證明，我們協(xié)調(diào)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展與環(huán)境保護(hù)兩者之間關(guān)系的做法是行之有效的。人類發(fā)展只有合理地利用自然界，與自然界保持和諧關(guān)系，才能維持和發(fā)展人類所創(chuàng)造的文明，才能與自然界共生共榮、協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。中國(guó)作為國(guó)際社會(huì)的成員，在努力保護(hù)自己環(huán)境的同時(shí)，還積極參與國(guó)際環(huán)保事務(wù)，促進(jìn)國(guó)際環(huán)保合作，并認(rèn)真履行國(guó)際義務(wù)。所有這些都充分表明了中國(guó)政府和人民保護(hù)全球環(huán)境的誠(chéng)意和決心。

Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphfromChineseintoEnglish.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】Asadevelopingcountry,Chinaisconfrontedwiththedualtaskofdevelopingitseconomyandprotectingitsenvironment.However,acountrywithalargepopulation,relativeinsufficiencyofnaturalresourcesandanexpandingeconomy,Chinasuffersanincreasinglysignificantdisparitybetweeneconomicdevelopmentandnaturalresourcesandtheenvironment.Theseriousenvironmentalproblemcausedbyseverepollution,deterioratingecologicalconditions,hugeconsumptionofresourcesandlowreclamationhasalreadybecomeabottleneckforthesustainabledevelopmentoftheChineseeconomy.

Proceedingfromitsactualconditions,Chinahas,intheprocessofpromotingitsoverallmodernizationprogram,madeenvironmentalprotectiononeofitsbasicstatepolicies,regardedtherealizationofsustainedeconomicdevelopmentasanimportantstrategyandmeanwhile,carriedoutnationwidecampaignsforpollutionpreventionandtreatmentaswellasenvironmentandecologyconservation,theconditionsofenvironmentaldegradationhavebeencontrolledfundamentally.Practiceshowsthatourpracticeofcoordinatingtherelationshipbetweeneconomicdevelopmentandenvironmentalprotectioniseffective.Onlyifmanmakesreasonableuseofnatureandkeepsaharmoniousrelationshipwithitintheprocessofdevelopmentcanthecivilizationcreatedbyhimbemaintainedanddeveloped,canhesharesubsistenceandglorywithnatureanddevelopwithnatureinacoordinatingway.Asamemberoftheinternationalcommunity,China,whilemakinggreateffortstoprotectitsownenvironment,hastakenanactivepartininternationalenvironmentalaffairs,striventopromoteinternationalcooperationinthefieldofenvironmentalprotection,andearnestlyfulfilleditsinternationalobligations.AllthosehavegivenfullexpressiontothesincerityanddeterminationoftheChinesegovernmentandpeopletoprotecttheglobalenvironment.

12.單選題

6.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Toresignrightaway.

B.Toworkonemoredayaschairman.

C.Tothinktwicebeforehemakesthedecision.

D.Toreceivefurthertraininguponhisresignation.

【答案】C

【解析】M:Ihadit.Iamresigningfromthejobofchairmanrightnow.Ican’tstanditanotherday.

W:Doyoureallymeanthatyouwanttoquit?

M:Well,maybe,I’llgiveitasecondthought.

Q:Whatisthemangoingtodo?

【解析】男士說：I’llgiveitasecondthought,即他會(huì)重新考慮一下。

13.單選題

Thedeclineinmoralstandards—whichhaslongconcernedsocialanalysts—hasatlastcapturedtheattentionofaverageAmericans,AndJeanBethkeElshtain,forone,isglad.

Thefactthatordinarycitizensarenowstartingtothinkseriouslyaboutthenation’smoralclimate,saysthisethics(倫理學(xué))professorattheUniversityofChicago,isreasontohopethatnewideaswillcomeforwardtoimproveit.

Butthechallengeisnottobeunderestimated.MaterialismandIndividualisminAmericansocietyarethebiggestobstacles.“ThethoughtthatI’minitformehasbecomedeeplyrootedinthenationalconsciousness,”MsElshtainsays.

Someofthiscanbeattributedtothedisintegrationoftraditionalcommunities,inwhichneighborslookedoutforoneanother,shesays.Withtoday’sgreatermobilityandwithsomanycouplesworking,thosebondshavebeenweakened,replacedbyagreateremphasisonself.

Ina1996pollofAmericans,lossofmoralitytoppedthelistofthebiggestproblemsfacingtheU.S.AndElshtainsaysthepubliciscorrecttosensethat:DatashowthatAmericansarestrugglingwithproblemsunheardofinthe1950s,suchasclassroomviolenceandahighrateofbirthstounmarriedmothers.

Thedesireforahighermoralstandardisnotalament（挽歌）forsomenonexistent“goldenage,”Elshtainsays,norisitawishful（一廂情愿的）longingforatimethatdeniedopportunitiestowomenandminorities.Mostpeople,infact,favorthelesseningofprejudice.

Moraldeclinewillnotbereverseduntilpeoplefindwaystocounterthematerialisminsociety,shesays.“Slowly,yourecognizethatthethingsthatmatterarethosethatcan’tbebought.”

1.ProfessorElshtainispleasedtoseethatAmericans（）.

2.ThemoraldeclineofAmericansocietyiscausedmainlyby（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingcharacterizesthetraditionalcommunities?

4.Inthe1950s,classroomviolence（）.

5.AccordingtoElshtain,thecurrentmoraldeclinemaybereversed（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.haveadaptedtoanewsetofmoralstandards

B.arelongingforthereturnofthegoodolddays

C.haverealizedtheimportanceofmaterialthings

D.areawakeningtotheloweringoftheirmoralstandards

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.itsgrowingwealth

B.theself-centerednessofindividuals

C.underestimatingtheimpactofsocialchanges

D.theprejudiceagainstwomenandminorities

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Greatmobility

B.Emphasisonindividualeffort

C.Concernforone’sneighbors

D.Ever-weakeningsocialbonds

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.assomethingunheardof

B.attractedalotofpublicattention

C.wasbynomeansarareoccurrence

D.begantoappearinanalysts’data

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ifpeoplecanreturntothe“goldenage”

B.whenwomenandmenenjoyequalrights

C.whenpeopleridthemselvesofprejudice

D.iflessemphasisislaidonmaterialthings

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段的第一二句話Thedeclineinmoralstandards—whichhaslongconcernedsocialanalysts—hasatlastcapturedtheattentionofaverageAmericans（道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的下降——長(zhǎng)期以來一直困擾著社會(huì)分析人士——終于引起了普通美國(guó)人的注意。）后文說JeanBethkeElshtain對(duì)于這個(gè)很開心，由此可知D選項(xiàng)“意識(shí)到他們道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的降低”正確。A、B、C在原文都沒有提到，因此排除。

2.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第三段第二句話MaterialismandIndividualisminAmericansocietyarethebiggestobstacles.（美國(guó)社會(huì)的物質(zhì)主義和個(gè)人主義是最大的障礙。）從這句可以看出物質(zhì)主義和個(gè)人主義這兩點(diǎn)是美國(guó)社會(huì)最大的障礙，也是引發(fā)道德衰落的原因，由此可知B選項(xiàng)“個(gè)人的自我中心”正確。而對(duì)物質(zhì)財(cái)富的崇尚，和財(cái)富本身的增長(zhǎng)沒有直接聯(lián)系，因此A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；C選項(xiàng)出現(xiàn)在第三段的第一句thechallengeisnottobeunderestimated（挑戰(zhàn)不應(yīng)被低估），這里的挑戰(zhàn)就是指的Materialism和individualism，但是選項(xiàng)把challenge換成了change，因此屬于偷換概念，C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；D選項(xiàng)出現(xiàn)在倒數(shù)第二段，根據(jù)篇章分析對(duì)這一段的說明，這種歧視現(xiàn)象是過去那個(gè)道德水平較高時(shí)代的現(xiàn)象，因此絕不會(huì)是它引起了現(xiàn)今道德水平的下降，因此D選項(xiàng)也錯(cuò)誤。

3.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第四段Someofthiscanbeattributedtothedisintegrationoftraditionalcommunities,inwhichneighborslookedoutforoneanother,shesays.（她說，這在一定程度上可以歸因于傳統(tǒng)社區(qū)的解體，在傳統(tǒng)社區(qū)中，鄰居們互相照顧。）由此可見，對(duì)鄰居的關(guān)照是傳統(tǒng)社區(qū)的特點(diǎn)，因此C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)鄰居的關(guān)心”正確。A選項(xiàng)體現(xiàn)在Withtoday’sgreatermobilityandwithsomanycouplesworking,thosebondshavebeenweakened,replacedbyagreateremphasisonself.（隨著當(dāng)今社會(huì)流動(dòng)性的增強(qiáng)，以及如此多的夫妻都在工作，這種紐帶已經(jīng)被削弱，取而代之的是對(duì)自我的更加強(qiáng)調(diào)。）這里提到了高流動(dòng)性，高流動(dòng)性實(shí)際應(yīng)該是指人口居住地不斷變化，鄰居之間相處時(shí)間不會(huì)很長(zhǎng)，也就無法培養(yǎng)良好關(guān)系，當(dāng)然也不會(huì)互相關(guān)心互相照料。可以說A是造成B和D的原因之一（另一原因是雙職工——夫妻二人都去上班，也就很少有機(jī)會(huì)和鄰居交往），而B和D都是現(xiàn)今社會(huì)的特點(diǎn)，不是傳統(tǒng)社區(qū)的特點(diǎn)，因此A、B、D不對(duì)。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第五段DatashowthatAmericansarestrugglingwithproblemsunheardofinthe1950s,suchasclassroomviolenceandahighrateofbirthstounmarriedmothers（數(shù)據(jù)顯示，美國(guó)人正艱難應(yīng)對(duì)問題聞所未聞的1950年代，如課堂暴力和高速率的未婚母親。）開頭是“數(shù)據(jù)表明”，后面是數(shù)據(jù)所顯示的內(nèi)容。Americansarestrugglingwithproblemsunheardofinthe1950s，美國(guó)人正在同許多問題做斗爭(zhēng)，這些問題在五十年代聞所未聞（unheardof），suchas表示例舉，說明classroomviolence是problems的一個(gè)例子，由此可得A選項(xiàng)“是聞所未聞的”正確。C的說法與A正好相反，bynomeans，絕非；rare，極少，雙重否定等于肯定，也就是說班級(jí)暴力在五十年代經(jīng)常發(fā)生，是錯(cuò)誤的；B的說法與A相互矛盾，既然聞所未聞，也就不可能投入關(guān)注；D有一定迷惑性，按照句意，班級(jí)暴力肯定存在于分析家的數(shù)據(jù)中，因?yàn)榫漕^就有datashow。但要注意，題目的開頭有一句Inthe1950s，也就是說班級(jí)暴力進(jìn)入分析家的數(shù)據(jù)是在50年代。班級(jí)暴力在那時(shí)尚且聞所未聞，當(dāng)然是不可能進(jìn)入分析數(shù)據(jù)的。

5.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞可以直接定位到最后一段，Moraldeclinewillnotbereverseduntilpeoplefindwaystocounterthematerialisminsociety（除非人們找到對(duì)抗社會(huì)上物質(zhì)主義的方法，否則道德滑坡是不會(huì)逆轉(zhuǎn)的。）因此D選項(xiàng)“如果不太重視物質(zhì)的東西”正確。A和C都是沒有提到的，B選項(xiàng)不是它的條件。

14.單選題

The______questioninthiscaseiswhethertheaccusedhadamotiveforthiscrimeornot.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.crucial

B.forcible

C.supreme

D.valuable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)crucial“決定性的”；B選項(xiàng)forcible“有說服力的”；C選項(xiàng)supreme“最高的；極大的，極其的”；D選項(xiàng)valuable“有價(jià)值的；重要的”。句意：這個(gè)案子的______問題是被告是否有犯罪動(dòng)機(jī)。根據(jù)語境，A選項(xiàng)crucial“決定性的”比較符合犯罪動(dòng)機(jī)在案件中的參考作用，符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Bycontrast,Americanmothersweremorelikely（

）theirchildren’ssuccess（

）naturaltalent.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tocontribute...to

B.toattribute...in

C.toattribute…to

D.tocontribute…in

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：相反地，美國(guó)母親更傾向于把他們孩子的成功（）天生的才能。這里根據(jù)固定搭配排除B、D；contributeto“有助于，促成”；attributeto“歸因于”，這里結(jié)合句意，答案應(yīng)該選C，把自己孩子的成功歸因于天生的才能。

16.單選題

Therewasonlyasmall（）inthecity'spopulationoverthelasttenyears.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.intimacy

B.immortality

C.increment

D.incidence

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)intimacy表示“性關(guān)系，親密；親昵行為”；B選項(xiàng)immortality表示“不朽，不滅”；C選項(xiàng)increment表示“增量，增加，盈余”；D選項(xiàng)incidence表示“發(fā)生率，影響，后果”。由句意“在過去十年里，這個(gè)城市的人口只有少量”可知，只有C項(xiàng)最符合句意。因此，本題正確答案為C項(xiàng)。

17.單選題

Creatingsomuchconfusion,Jasonrealizedhehadbettermake（

）whathewastryingtotelltheaudience.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exclusive

B.explicit

C.objective

D.obscure

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。exclusive“獨(dú)有的，排外的”；explicit“明確的，清楚的”；objective“客觀的”；obscure“不清楚的，隱蔽的”。句意：在造成諸多困惑后，杰森意識(shí)到自己最好把試圖告訴聽眾的事情弄清楚。由Creatingsomuchconfusion可知Jason最好是把這些困惑給弄清楚。答案B

18.單選題

Ifambitionistobewellregarded,therewardsofambitionhealth,distinction,controloverone’sdestinymustbedeemedworthyofthesacrificesmadeonambition’sbehalf.Ifthetraditionofambitionistohavevitality,itmustbewidelyshared;anditespeciallymustbehighlyregardedbypeoplewhoarethemselvesadmired,theeducatednotleastamongthem.Inanoddway,however,itistheeducatedwhohaveclaimedtohavegivenuponambitionasanideal.Whatisoddisthattheyhaveperhapsmostbenefitedfromambitionifnotalwaystheirownthenthatoftheirparentsandgrandparents.Thereisheavynoteofhypocrisyinthis,acaseofclosingthebamdoorafterthehorseshaveescapedwiththeeducatedthemselvesridingonthem.

Certainlypeopledonotseemlessinterestedinsuccessanditssignsnowthanformerly.Summerhomes,Europeantravel,BMWsthelocations,placenamesandnamebrandsmaychange,butsuchitemsdonotseemlessindemandtodaythanadecadeortwoyearsago.Whathashappenedisthatpeoplecannotconfessfullytotheirdreams,aseasilyandopenlyasoncetheycould,lesttheybethoughtpushing,acquisitiveandvulgar.Instead,wearetreatedtofinehypocriticalspectacles,whichnowmorethaneverseeminamplesupply;thecriticofAmericanmaterialismwithaSouthamptonsummerhome;thepublisherofradicalbookswhotakeshismealinthree-starrestaurants;thejournalistadvocatingparticipatorydemocracyinallphasesofl