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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-四川應(yīng)用技術(shù)職業(yè)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買!第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Thetestsshowtheearlierinlifeapersonhearsasoundthelongeritis______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.retained

B.preserved

C.remained

D.reserved

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.retained保留B.preserved保護(hù)

C.remained保持;停留D.reserved保留;貯備

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】分析句子,it指的是sound,根據(jù)longer可知,此處是說(shuō)聲音保留的時(shí)間越長(zhǎng),retain的牛津釋義是tocontinuetohold(繼續(xù)保持),該題選擇A項(xiàng)符合句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B項(xiàng)不符合句意;

C項(xiàng)側(cè)重保持一種狀態(tài)或條件不變;

D項(xiàng)側(cè)重保留某種權(quán)利。

【句意】測(cè)試表明,一個(gè)人在生活中聽(tīng)到聲音的越早,它保留的時(shí)間就越長(zhǎng)。

2.單選題

Peopleinnately()forsuperiorityovertheirpeersalthoughitsometimestakestheformofanexaggeratedlustforpower.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.strive

B.ascertain

C.justify

D.adhere

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。A選項(xiàng)“為……奮斗,爭(zhēng)取……”;B選項(xiàng)“確定,探知”;C選項(xiàng)“證明……是正當(dāng)?shù)摹保籇選項(xiàng)“堅(jiān)持……”,句意為:人們天生()比同齡人優(yōu)越,盡管有時(shí)表現(xiàn)為夸張的權(quán)力欲。本句表示“人們天生就想爭(zhēng)取比同齡人優(yōu)越”,因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.單選題

Musiccomesinmanyforms;mostcountrieshaveastyleoftheirown.(1)theturnofthecenturywhenjazzwasborn,Americahadnoprominent(2)ofitsown.Nooneknowsexactlywhenjazzwas(3),orbywhom.Butitbegantobe(4)intheearly1900s.JazzisAmericascontributionto(5)music.Incontrasttoclassicalmusic,which(6)formalEuropeantraditions,jazzisspontaneousandfree-form.Itbubbleswithenergy,(7)themoods,interests,andemotionsofthepeople.Inthe1920sjazz(8)likeAmerica,and(9)itdoestoday.The(10)ofthismusicareasinterestingasthemusic(11).AmericanNegroes,orblacks,astheyarecalledtoday,werethejazz(12).TheywerebroughttoSouthernStates(13)slaves.Theyweresoldtoplantationownersandforcedtoworklong(14).WhenaNegrodiedhisfriendandrelatives(15)aprocessiontocarrythebodytothecemetery.InNewOrleans,abandoftenaccompaniedthe(16).Onthewaytothecemeterythebandplayedslow,solemnmusicsuitedtotheoccasion.(17)onthewayhomethemoodchanged.Spiritslifted.Deathhadremovedoneoftheir(18),butthelivingweregladtobealive.Thebandplayed(19)music,improvisingonboththeharmonyandthemelodyofthetunes(20)atthefuneral.Thismusicmadeeveryonewanttodance.Itwasanearlyformofjazz.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.By

B.At

C.In

D.On

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.music

B.song

C.melody

D.style

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.discovered

B.acted

C.invented

D.designed

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.noticed

B.found

C.listened

D.heard

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.classical

B.sacred

C.popular

D.light

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.forms

B.follows

C.approaches

D.introduces

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.expressing

B.explaining

C.exposing

D.illustrating

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.appeared

B.felt

C.seemed

D.sounded

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.as

B.so

C.either

D.neither

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.origins

B.originals

C.discoveries

D.resources

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.concerned

B.itself

C.available

D.oneself

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.players

B.followers

C.fans

D.pioneers

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.for

B.as

C.with

D.by

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.months

B.weeks

C.hours

D.times

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.demonstrated

B.composed

C.hosted

D.formed

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.demonstration

B.procession

C.body

D.march

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.Even

B.Therefore

C.Furthermore

D.But

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.number

B.members

C.body

D.relations

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.sad

B.solemn

C.happy

D.funeral

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.whistled

B.sung

C.presented

D.showed

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

第6題:B

第7題:A

第8題:D

第9題:A

第10題:A

第11題:B

第12題:D

第13題:B

第14題:C

第15題:D

第16題:B

第17題:D

第18題:D

第19題:C

第20題:C

【解析】1.考查介詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)By“通過(guò)”;B選項(xiàng)At“在……時(shí)”;C選項(xiàng)In“在……里面”;D選項(xiàng)On“在……上面”。attheturnofthecentury表示的是“在本世紀(jì)初”這一具體時(shí)間,只有at符合。句意:在爵士樂(lè)誕生的世紀(jì)之交。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)music“音樂(lè)”;B選項(xiàng)song“歌曲”;C選項(xiàng)melody“旋律”;D選項(xiàng)style“風(fēng)格”。根據(jù)上文所說(shuō)的大多數(shù)國(guó)家都有自己的音樂(lè)風(fēng)格“style”,而美國(guó)卻沒(méi)有自己突出的,后面也應(yīng)該是風(fēng)格。句意:美國(guó)沒(méi)有自己的突出風(fēng)格。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)discovered“發(fā)現(xiàn)”;B選項(xiàng)acted“行動(dòng)”;C選項(xiàng)invented“發(fā)明”;D選項(xiàng)designed“設(shè)計(jì)”。句意:沒(méi)有人知道爵士樂(lè)是什么時(shí)候發(fā)明的,由誰(shuí)發(fā)明的。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)noticed“注意”;B選項(xiàng)found“找到”;C選項(xiàng)listened“聽(tīng)”,后面需接介詞to;D選項(xiàng)heard“聽(tīng)到”。句意:它是在20世紀(jì)初開(kāi)始被人聽(tīng)到的。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)classical“古典的”;B選項(xiàng)sacred“神圣的”;C選項(xiàng)popular“流行的”;D選項(xiàng)light“輕的”。popularmusic是指“流行音樂(lè)”,與classicalmusic“古典音樂(lè)”相對(duì),爵士樂(lè)是流行音樂(lè)的一種。句意:爵士樂(lè)是美國(guó)對(duì)流行音樂(lè)的貢獻(xiàn)。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)forms“形成”;B選項(xiàng)follows“遵循”;C選項(xiàng)approaches“接近”;D選項(xiàng)introduces“引入”。句意:與遵循正規(guī)的歐洲傳統(tǒng)的古典音樂(lè)相比。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)expressing“表達(dá)”;B選項(xiàng)explaining“解釋”;C選項(xiàng)exposing“揭露”;D選項(xiàng)illustrating“說(shuō)明”。句意:表達(dá)人們的情緒、興趣和情感。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.考查系動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)appeared“表現(xiàn)得”;B選項(xiàng)felt“感覺(jué)是”;C選項(xiàng)seemed“看起來(lái)”;D選項(xiàng)sounded“聽(tīng)起來(lái)”。句意:20世紀(jì)20年代的爵士樂(lè)聽(tīng)起來(lái)很像美國(guó)風(fēng)格。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.考查連詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)as“正如”;B選項(xiàng)so“所以”;C選項(xiàng)either“或者”;D選項(xiàng)neither“也不”。句意:現(xiàn)在爵士樂(lè)也是如此。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)origins“起源”;B選項(xiàng)originals“原創(chuàng)”;C選項(xiàng)discoveries“發(fā)現(xiàn)”;D選項(xiàng)resources“資源”。句意:這種音樂(lè)的起源。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

11.考查反身代詞。A選項(xiàng)concerned“關(guān)心的”;B選項(xiàng)itself“它自己”;C選項(xiàng)available“可獲得的”;D選項(xiàng)oneself“自己”。句意:這種音樂(lè)的起源和音樂(lè)本身一樣有趣。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

12.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)players“玩家”;B選項(xiàng)followers“追隨者”;C選項(xiàng)fans“粉絲”;D選項(xiàng)pioneers“先鋒”。句意:美國(guó)黑人是爵士樂(lè)的先鋒。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

13.考查介詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)for“為了”;B選項(xiàng)as“作為”;C選項(xiàng)with“和……一起”;D選項(xiàng)by“通過(guò)”。句意:他們作為奴隸被帶到南方各州。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

14.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)months“月份”;B選項(xiàng)weeks“周”;C選項(xiàng)hours“時(shí)間”;D選項(xiàng)times“次數(shù)”。句意:他們被賣給種植園主,被迫長(zhǎng)時(shí)間工作。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

15.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)demonstrated“論證”;B選項(xiàng)composed“組成”,后面接of;C選項(xiàng)hosted“主持”;D選項(xiàng)formed“形成”。句意:他的朋友和親戚會(huì)形成一個(gè)游行隊(duì)伍。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

16.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)demonstration“示范”;B選項(xiàng)procession“隊(duì)伍”;C選項(xiàng)body“身體”;D選項(xiàng)march“行進(jìn)”。句意:游行隊(duì)伍通常由樂(lè)隊(duì)伴奏。上句提到形成隊(duì)伍,本句意為這樣的隊(duì)伍經(jīng)常伴隨有一支樂(lè)隊(duì)。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

17.考查轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)Even“甚至”;B選項(xiàng)Therefore“因此”;C選項(xiàng)Furthermore“此外”;D選項(xiàng)But“但是”。句意:但在回家的路上,氣氛變了。上句說(shuō)在去墓地的路上,樂(lè)隊(duì)演奏緩慢的、莊重的音樂(lè)以便和悲痛的場(chǎng)合相配合。而本句說(shuō)在回來(lái)的路上,情緒變化了。所以這兩句之間應(yīng)該是轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

18.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)number“數(shù)字”;B選項(xiàng)members“成員”;C選項(xiàng)body“身體”;D選項(xiàng)relations“親戚”。句意:死神帶走了他們的一個(gè)親人。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

19.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)sad“傷心的”;B選項(xiàng)solemn“莊嚴(yán)的”;C選項(xiàng)happy“開(kāi)心的”;D選項(xiàng)funeral“喪葬的”。句意:在葬禮上,樂(lè)隊(duì)演奏了歡快的音樂(lè)。跟上句中提到的slow和solemn相對(duì)應(yīng)。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

20.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)whistled“吹口哨”;B選項(xiàng)sung“唱歌”;C選項(xiàng)presented“表演”;D選項(xiàng)showed“展示”。句意:即興演奏了葬禮上表演的和聲和旋律。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.單選題

Thelocalgovernmentreducedthetaxonpetrolasa()tothepublicoutcry.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.conception

B.consensus

C.contempt

D.concession

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)conception“懷孕;概念;設(shè)想”;B選項(xiàng)consensus“一致;輿論;合意”;C選項(xiàng)contempt“輕視,蔑視;恥辱”;D選項(xiàng)concession“讓步;承認(rèn);退位”。句意:當(dāng)?shù)卣疁p少汽油稅來(lái)當(dāng)作對(duì)公眾強(qiáng)烈抗議的讓步。根據(jù)句意可知D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Developingapeaceful,understanding,andsupportiverelationshipbetweenparentsandchildrenisnotaneasytask.Failurescananddooccuratanyagelevel,andattimestheresultsarctheabuse,neglect,andevendeathofchildren.

Childabusehasbecomeamajortopicinchilddevelopmentandanissueofmuchnationalconcern.Inthespanoffourlegislativeyears,1963-1967,allfiftystatesenactedlawscallingforthereportingofinjuriesinflictedonchildren.By1973,theUnitedStatesCongresspassedtheChildAbusePreventionandTreatmentAct(PublicLaw93-247).Thislawnotonlyreflectedthemoodofconcernedcitizens,butitalsodidmuchtoclearuptheconfusionanddisagreementoverwhatischildabuse.

Thequestion"whatcauseschildabuse?"haspromptedmuchdebate.ThesinglemostpersistentmythwhichhadplaguedeffortstounderstandcausesisthenotionthatparentswhoabusechildrenarementallydisturbedorilkAlthoughthereisnospecificpsychiatricdiagnosiswhichcomprisesthebehaviorandpersonalitiesofabuser,theyseemtoshareacommonstyleofchildrearing.Thoseparentsdemandhighlevelsofchildperformanceandtheyoftenuseseverephysicalpunishmenttoensurethechild'sproperbehavior.Abusiveparentsthemselveswereraisedinsimilarfamilysituationsandtheirownchildhoodexperiencehasalastinginfluenceontheirbehaviorasadults.

Currentresearchhassuggested,however,thatthe"abuserissick"hypothesisistoolimiteD.Abroadersocial,psychologicalapproachrecognizesthatsomepersonalproblemsareimplicitbutthatpsychologicalfactorsariseoutofasocialcontext.Socialfactorsincludeunemployment,socialisolation,andunwantedpregnancy.Moreover,findingsthatabuseoccursmorefrequentlyinlargerfamiliesandfamilieswithlowincome,pooreducation,andlowoccupationalstatussuggestthatmanysuchparentscannotwithstandthetwenty-four-hour-a-dayresponsibilitytoraiseandcarefortheirchildren.Theseproblemsaggravatethesituation,especiallywhencombinedwiththegeneralapprovalinourcultureofviolence.

1.Thisselectionsuggeststhatchildabuseis().

2.Wecanknowfromthesecondparagraphthatthelawpassedby1973().

3.Thepersonwhoisleastlikelytobeachild-abusingparentistheonewho().

4.Whichoneofthefollowingismostprobablyacauseofchildabuse?

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistheauthormostlikelytoagreewith?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.agrowingproblemwhosecausesarenotfullyunderstood

B.causedprimarilybythementalillnessofparents

C.aproblemintheUnitedStates,butagreateroneinEurope

D.easilydeterminedbecauseofrecentpubliclaws

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.receivedlittleattentionfromthepublic

B.wascondemnedbyabusiveparents

C.wasaimedtoexpandwelfareprogramsoftheUnitedSlates

D.helpedmuchinclarifyingtheproblem

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.wasraisedinabusivefamilysituationshimself

B.createsapeacefulandsupportivefamilyenvironmentforhischildren

C.isunemployedorsociallyisolated

D.ismentallyill

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Toohighanincomeoftheparents

B.Unemploymentoftheparents

C.Poorhealthofthechild

D.Peculiarpersonalitiesofthechild

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.ViolenceonTVmaycontributetochildabuse.

B.Medicaldoctorsarelargelytoblameforunreportedcasesofchildabuse.

C.Themediashouldnotdescribethedetailsofchildabusecases.

D.Violenceinoursocietyisacceptableunlesschildrenarevictims.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知,文章首先提出虐待兒童的這個(gè)問(wèn)題變得日益嚴(yán)重,但后面兩段就其原因進(jìn)行分析,沒(méi)有給出一個(gè)確切的答案,所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

2.根據(jù)第二段的最后一句“Thislawnotonlyreflectedthemoodofconcernedcitizens,butitalsodidmuchtoclearuptheconfusionanddisagreementoverwhatischildabuse.”這項(xiàng)法律不僅反映了有關(guān)公民的情緒,而且為消除關(guān)于什么是虐待兒童而產(chǎn)生的困惑和分歧作出了很大的努力。也就是說(shuō),幫忙澄清了什么是虐待兒童的問(wèn)題,所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

3.根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知,虐待兒童的父母可能患有精神疾病或者自己本身也是在被虐待的家庭環(huán)境中長(zhǎng)大,所以才會(huì)有虐待兒童的行為,首先排除選項(xiàng)A和D;根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容可知,社會(huì)因素包括失業(yè)、社會(huì)孤立等也有可能導(dǎo)致父母有虐待兒童的傾向,所以選項(xiàng)C也不正確;選項(xiàng)B為孩子創(chuàng)造一個(gè)和平和支持的家庭環(huán)境的父母是最不可能虐待兒童的。選項(xiàng)B正確。

4.根據(jù)上一題可知,選項(xiàng)中最容易造成兒童虐待的應(yīng)該是失業(yè)的父母,所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

5.選項(xiàng)A中的影視暴力在文中沒(méi)有提及;選項(xiàng)B沒(méi)有報(bào)道出來(lái)的兒童虐待案和醫(yī)生沒(méi)什么關(guān)系,所以錯(cuò)誤;選項(xiàng)C在文中沒(méi)有涉及;根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句“Theseproblemsaggravatethesituation,especiallywhencombinedwiththegeneralapprovalinourcultureofviolence.”這些問(wèn)題加劇了局勢(shì),特別是在我們的暴力文化中普遍贊同暴力的情況下。由此可推斷,暴力是可以被接受,只要不發(fā)生在孩子們身上,所以選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

6.單選題

Musclesmay()orlosetheirtone,buttheywon’tturntofat.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.concentrate

B.atrophy

C.condense

D.astrogate

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)concentrate“集中;濃縮”;B選項(xiàng)atrophy“萎縮;虛脫”;C選項(xiàng)condense“使?jié)饪s;使壓縮”;D選項(xiàng)astrogate“操縱;航天”。句意:肌肉可能萎縮或失去彈性,但是它們不能變成脂肪。并列連詞or連接空格處和“失去彈性”,因此此題選B。

7.單選題

Fordecades,arms-controltalkscenteredonnuclearweapons.Thisishardlysurprising,sinceasinglenuclearbombcandestroyanentirecity.Yet,unlikesmallerarms,theseimmenselypowerfulweaponshavenotbeenusedinwarinover50years.

HistorianJohnKeeganwrites:“Nuclearweaponshave,sinceAugust9,1945,killednoone.The50,000,000whohavediedinwarsincethatdatehaveforthemostpart,beenkilledbycheap,mass-producedweaponsandsmallammunition,costinglittlemorethanthetransistorradioswhichhavefloodedtheworldinthesameperiod.Becausesmallweaponshavedisruptedlifeverylittleintheadvancedworld,outsidetherestrictedlocalitieswheredrug-dealingandpoliticalterrorismflourish,thepopulationsoftherichstateshavebeenslowtorecognizethehorrorthatthispollutionhasbroughtinitstrain.

Whyhavesmallarmsbecometheweaponsofchoiceinrecentwars?Partofthereasonliesintherelationshipbetweenconflictandpoverty.Mostofthewarsfoughtduringthe1990stookplaceincountriesthatarepoor—toopoortobuysophisticatedweaponsystems.Smallarmsandlightweaponsareabargain.Forexample,50milliondollars,whichisapproximatelythecostofasinglemodernjetfighter,canequipanarmywith200,000assaultrifles.

Anotherreasonwhysmallweaponsaresopopularisthattheyarelethal.Asinglerapid-fireassaultriflecanfirehundredsofroundsaminute.Theyarealsoeasytouseandmaintain.Achildoftencanbetaughttostripandreassembleatypicalassaultrifle.Achildcanalsoquicklylearntoaimandfirethatrifleintoacrowdofpeople.

Theglobaltrafficingunsiscomplex.Theillegaltradeofsmallarmsisbig.InsomeAfricanwars,paramilitarygroupshaveboughtbillionsofdollars’worthofsmallarmsandlightweapons,notwithmoney,butwithdiamondsseizedfromdiamond-miningareas.

Weaponsarealsolinkedtotheillegaltradeindrugs.Itisnotunusualforcriminalorganizationstousethesameroutestosmuggledrugsinonedirectionandtosmugglegunsintheother.

1.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat______.

2.Theadvancedworldneglecttheproblemsofsmallarmsbecause______.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasthereasonfortheprevalenceofsmallarms?

4.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat______.

5.Thebesttitleforthispassageis______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thenucleararms-controltalkscanneverreachanagreement

B.smallarms-controlismoreimportantthannucleararms-control

C.thepowerofnuclearweaponstokillpeoplehasbeendiminished

D.nuclearweaponswerethetopicofarms-controltalks50yearsago

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theyhavetodealwithdrug-dealingandpoliticalterrorism

B.theyhavenosuchproblemsasarecausedbysmallweapons

C.theyfaceothermoreimportantproblemssuchaspollution

D.theyhavenotrecognizedtheseriousnessoftheproblemsintime

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Smallarmsarecheap.

B.Smallarmsarepowerful.

C.Smallarmsareeasiertouse.

D.Smallarmsareeasiertoget.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.smallarmsarenotexpensiveintheblack-market

B.itisunfairtoexchangesmallarmsfordiamond

C.criminalsusethesamepassagetosmuggledrugsandsmallarms

D.wheretherearedrugs,therearesmallarms

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.SmallArmsTalks,NotNuclearArmsTalks

B.NeglectofSmallArmsControl

C.GlobalTrafficinSmallArms

D.SmallArms,BigProblems

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.由題干可以定位到文章第二段第一、二句Nuclearweaponshave,sinceAugust9,1945,killednoone.The50,000,000whohavediedinwarsincethatdatehaveforthemostpart,beenkilledbycheap,mass-producedweaponsandsmallammunition(自1985年8月9日以來(lái),沒(méi)有一個(gè)人死于核武器。而在這一時(shí)期卻有5000萬(wàn)人死于廉價(jià)的、大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)的武器和小型爆炸物),說(shuō)明小型武器的濫用已經(jīng)造成了比核武器還嚴(yán)重的后果,應(yīng)該重視小型武器的控制。因此B選項(xiàng)“小型武器控制比核武器控制更重要”正確。A選項(xiàng)“核武器控制談判不可能達(dá)成協(xié)議”,C選項(xiàng)“核武器的殺傷力已經(jīng)減弱了”,D選項(xiàng)“核武器是50年前軍控談判的主題”在文中均沒(méi)有提及,所以A,C,D錯(cuò)誤。

2.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段第三句Becausesmallweaponshavedisruptedlifeverylittleintheadvancedworld,outsidetherestrictedlocalitieswheredrug-dealingandpoliticalterrorismflourish,thepopulationsoftherichstateshavebeenslowtorecognizethehorrorthatthispollutionhasbroughtinitstrain.(由于小型武器對(duì)發(fā)達(dá)世界的國(guó)家影響很小,毒品交易和政治恐怖盛行的地方在他們生活的圈子之外,因此富國(guó)的人們很難意識(shí)到小型武器泛濫所帶來(lái)的嚴(yán)重性。),說(shuō)明先進(jìn)國(guó)家的人們沒(méi)有及時(shí)地意識(shí)到小型武器問(wèn)題的嚴(yán)重性。因此D選項(xiàng)“他們沒(méi)有及時(shí)認(rèn)識(shí)到這些問(wèn)題的嚴(yán)重性”正確。A選項(xiàng)“他們要處理毒品交易和政治恐怖主義問(wèn)題”,由原文可知,他們的生活圈子中沒(méi)有毒品交易和政治恐怖主義,所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“他們沒(méi)有由小武器引起的這種問(wèn)題”,C選項(xiàng)“他們面臨其他更重要的問(wèn)題,如污染”在文中沒(méi)有提及,所以B,C錯(cuò)誤。

3.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。A選項(xiàng)“小型武器很便宜”,由原文Smallarmsandlightweaponsareabargain.(小型武器和輕武器很便宜。)可知,A屬于小型武器盛行的原因,排除A。B選項(xiàng)“小型武器有威力”,由原文Anotherreasonwhysmallweaponsaresopopularisthattheyarelethal.(小型武器如此流行的另一個(gè)原因是它們是致命的。)可知,B屬于小型武器盛行的原因,排除B。C選項(xiàng)“小武器更容易使用”,由原文Theyarealsoeasytouseandmaintain.(它們也易于使用和維護(hù)。)可知,C屬于小型武器盛行的原因,排除C。D選項(xiàng)“小型武器更容易得到”在文中沒(méi)有提及,因此本題選D。

4.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段第二句Itisnotunusualforcriminalorganizationstousethesameroutestosmuggledrugsinonedirectionandtosmugglegunsintheother.(通常犯罪組織利用同一渠道一個(gè)方向走私毒品另一方向走私槍支。),說(shuō)明犯罪組織利用同一渠道走私毒品和槍支。因此C選項(xiàng)“犯罪分子利用同一渠道走私毒品和小型武器”正確。A選項(xiàng)“小型武器在黑市上并不昂貴”,原文沒(méi)有說(shuō)小型武器在黑市上的價(jià)格,所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“用小型武器換鉆石是不公平的”,原文只介紹了用鉆石購(gòu)買小型武器的事件,沒(méi)有評(píng)價(jià)其是否公平,所以B錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“有毒品的地方就有小型武器”,原文只提到利用同一渠道走私毒品和小型武器,沒(méi)有說(shuō)兩者必然同時(shí)存在,所以D錯(cuò)誤。

5.主旨大意題。通讀全文可知,文章闡述了小型武器給社會(huì)帶來(lái)的極大危害,造成了大量人民生命財(cái)產(chǎn)的損失。因此D選項(xiàng)“小武器,大問(wèn)題”最適合作為文章標(biāo)題。A選項(xiàng)“小型武器談判,而不是核軍備談判”,B選項(xiàng)“對(duì)小型武器控制的忽視”,C選項(xiàng)“小型武器的全球交易”只是文章的一個(gè)方面,不能全面地概括文章的內(nèi)容,所以A,B,C錯(cuò)誤。

8.單選題

TheChineseRedCross______ageneroussumtotherelieffundforthephysicallydisabled.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.assigned

B.endowed

C.allocated

D.contributed

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)assign“分配,指派”,指按照某種原則進(jìn)行的硬性分配,也不一定是很公平的分配;B項(xiàng)endow“賦予,資助”,C項(xiàng)allocate“分配,撥出”,主要指金錢、財(cái)產(chǎn)、權(quán)力或領(lǐng)土等的分配,著重分配的比例和專門用途;D項(xiàng)contribute“貢獻(xiàn),出力”。根據(jù)句子ageneroussumtotherelieffundforthephysicallydisabled“一筆給殘疾人救濟(jì)基金的慷慨款項(xiàng)”可知,空格部分表示“捐贈(zèng)”符合語(yǔ)境。句意:中國(guó)紅十字會(huì)向殘疾人救濟(jì)基金捐了一筆巨款。因此,該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Onlyinrecentyears()beguntorealizethatwilddogs,keptwithinbounds,oftendomoregoodthanharm.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.peoplehave

B.sincepeoplehave

C.havepeople

D.peoplewhohave

【答案】C

【解析】倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。Only位于句首,句子需要倒裝,即將助動(dòng)詞提前,所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

10.單選題

Ifapersontalksabouthisweakpoints,hislistenerisexpectedtosaysomethinginthewayof().

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.persuasion

B.remedy

C.encouragement

D.compromise

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。persuasion“說(shuō)服”;remedy“補(bǔ)救辦法”;encouragement“鼓勵(lì)”;compromise“妥協(xié)”。句意:如果一個(gè)人提及到他的弱點(diǎn),他的聽(tīng)眾應(yīng)該說(shuō)一些鼓勵(lì)他的話。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

11.填空題

Meteorologistsdescribetheairprimarilyintermsofitscomposition,temperature,pressure,windspeed,winddirection,precipitation,and________.(humid)

【答案】humidity

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】名詞。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞and,可知precipitation和橫線所在內(nèi)容為并列結(jié)構(gòu),應(yīng)該和precipitation一樣為名詞,humidity“(空氣中的)濕度”符合語(yǔ)境,指的是濕度是描述空氣的元素之一。

【句意】氣象學(xué)家主要根據(jù)空氣的組成、溫度、壓力、風(fēng)速、風(fēng)向、降雨量和濕度來(lái)描述空氣。

12.單選題

It’sharmfultoone'shealthto(

)smokinganddrinking

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.takeon

B.taketo

C.takein

D.takeoff

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。takeon意為“承擔(dān),接受”;taketo意為“喜歡,養(yǎng)成……的習(xí)慣”;takein意為“吸收,吸入”;takeoff意為“脫掉,起飛”。

句意:吸煙喝酒有害人的身體健康。

13.單選題

Theboysinthedorm()acointodecidewhowouldcleanthefloor.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.held

B.tossed

C.put

D.collected

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)hold“持有;保存;召開(kāi)”;B選項(xiàng)toss“拋;搖勻;顛簸”;C選項(xiàng)put“出發(fā);航行;發(fā)芽”;D選項(xiàng)collect“收集;募捐”。句意:宿舍里的男生……硬幣決定誰(shuí)來(lái)掃地。這里是指“扔硬幣”來(lái)做決定,因此B選項(xiàng)toss符合句意。

14.翻譯題

Despitetheweb,wewatchmoretelevisionthanever.

Inthechaosoftoday’smediaandtechnologybrawl-iPodvs.Zune,Googlevs.Yahoo,Windowsvs.Linux,Intelvs.AMD-wecandeclareoneunlikelywinner.Standingtallinafieldofnewtechwonders,it’sageezertechnologythatareinventedinthe1920sandcommercializedinthe1940s,andit’sstillmorepowerfulthananythingcreatedsince.

Asyoutrytofigureoutwhereconsumerinfo-techisgoing,andwhatitmeansforsociety,rememberthisbig,centralreality:Peoplejustwantmoretelevision.

Ifyoudoubtit,lookattoday’sbiggestnewsintech.Itcontinuallycentersonnewwaystobringconsumersthethingtheycraveaboveallelse.SonyfloodedtherecentConsumerElectronicsShowwithproductsthatputinternetvideoonyourTVset,asdidalmosteveryotherconsumerelectronicscompany.AtthesimultaneousMacworldExpo,ApplechiefSteveJobsintroducedAppleTV,whichdoesthesamething.VerizonsaiditwillsoonofferliveTVoncellphonescreens.Itwillalsosellfull-lengthprogramsforviewingwheneveryouwant.Putitalltogether,andwehaveachievedanirvanathatdidn’texistevenayearago:unlimitedtelevisionavailable24/7oneveryscreenyouown.

It’snosurprise,ofcourse.

Eversincethebasicfactsofsteadilymultiplyingprocessorpowerandbandwidthbecameapparent,seershaveconfidentlypredictedthisday.Theyjustasconfidentlypredictedwhatitwouldmean:traditionaltelevision’sdemise.OncetheWorldWideWebappearedinthemid-1990s,thefuturelookedveryclear.BoringoldTV,thescheduledprogramsthatcometoyouthroughacoaxialcableorsatellitedishorantenna,wouldfadeaway.

Whichisexactlytheoppositeofwhathashappened.DespitemanyNetAgealternatives,weAmericanstodaywatchmoreboringoldTVthanever,whichissayingsomething.Howcanthatbe?MytheoryistheTwo-LiterCokePrinciple.TheCoca-ColacompanydiscoveredlongagothatifitcouldgetpeopletobringhomebiggerbottlesofCoke,thosepeoplewoulddrinkmorethantheyusedto.JustgettingmoreCokeinfrontofthemincreasedtheirconsumption.ItseemstobethesamewithTV.Putmoreofitinfrontofpeople—over100channelsinmanyhomes—andpeoplewillwatchmore.

Seenfromthisperspective,thelatestannouncementsofnewTV-relatedtechnologylooksimplylikeadditionalwaystoputmoreTVinfrontofAmericanconsumer.ThesupposedthreatfromtheInternetwasthatwe’dcutbackonTVaswespentmoretimeonMySpaceorinSecondLife.WemaywellspendmoretimeonsuchnewNetattractions,butwe’reunlikelytotakethattimeawayfromvideoviewing.We’remorelikelytocutbackonthingsweconsiderlessimportant,likesleep.

NoonehasevaluatedTVbetterthanthegreatNewYorkeressayistE.BWhite,whoin1938wrote,“Weshallstandorfallbytelevision,ofthatIamsure.”Westilldon’tknowwhichitwillbe,buthisassessmentlookstruerthanever.

【答案】當(dāng)你試圖弄清楚消費(fèi)者信息技術(shù)的發(fā)展方向,以及它對(duì)社會(huì)的意義時(shí),請(qǐng)記住一個(gè)重要的中心事實(shí):人們只是想看更多的電視節(jié)目。

索尼在最近的消費(fèi)電子展上推出了大量可以在電視機(jī)上播放互聯(lián)網(wǎng)視頻的產(chǎn)品,幾乎所有其他消費(fèi)電子產(chǎn)品公司都是如此。

自從處理器功率和帶寬穩(wěn)步增長(zhǎng)的基本事實(shí)變得明顯以來(lái),預(yù)言家們就自信地預(yù)測(cè)到了這一天。

而事實(shí)恰恰相反。盡管有許多網(wǎng)絡(luò)時(shí)代的替代品,但是我們美國(guó)人今天比以往任何時(shí)候都看更多無(wú)聊的老電視,這說(shuō)明了一些問(wèn)題。

沒(méi)有人比偉大的紐約客散文家E,B懷特更好地評(píng)估了電視,他在1938年寫到“我確信我們的成敗將系于電視”。

15.翻譯題

TheEnglishlanguagedoesnotstandstillanymorethanourotherinstitutions.Alllanguagechangesoveraperiodoftime,forreasonswhichareimperfectlyunderstood.Orrather,sincespeechisreallyaformofhumanactivity,likedancingorplayingthepiano-andnotanentityinitself-itismoreexacttosaythateachsuccessivegenerationbehaveslinguisticallyinalightlydifferentmannerfromitspredecessors.Inhisteenstheyoungmanisimpatientofwhatheconsiderstobetheundulyformalandunnaturalvocabularyandpronunciationofhiseldersandhelikestoshowhowuptodateheisbytheuseofthelatestslang,butastheyearsgoby,someofhisslangbecomesstandardusageandinanycaseheslowlygrowslessreceptivetolinguisticnovelties.

【答案】英語(yǔ)和我們的其他體系一樣,不會(huì)停滯不前。所有的語(yǔ)言都會(huì)在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生變化,變化的原因人們還不完全理解。或者更確切地說(shuō),因?yàn)檎Z(yǔ)言是人類活動(dòng)的一種形式,就像跳舞或演奏鋼琴一樣,而不是一種實(shí)體本身,因此更準(zhǔn)確的說(shuō)法應(yīng)該是每一代人與上一代相比,在語(yǔ)言行為上都略有不同。青少年會(huì)認(rèn)為長(zhǎng)輩的語(yǔ)言過(guò)于正式,詞匯和發(fā)音都不自然,對(duì)此他們失去耐心,他們會(huì)急于顯示自己的時(shí)髦,使用最新的俚語(yǔ),但是隨著歲月的流逝,他們使用一些俚語(yǔ)就變成了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)用法,同時(shí)對(duì)于語(yǔ)言上的創(chuàng)新,他們也不像過(guò)去那樣歡迎了。

16.單選題

Hecarriedtheparcelhomehimself,buthe()so,theshopcouldhavesentit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.didnotneedtodo

B.needn’thavedone

C.mustnothavedone

D.couldn’thavedone

【答案】B

【解析】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)didnotneedtodo“(過(guò)去)沒(méi)必要/不需要做這事”,B選項(xiàng)needn'thavedone,need情態(tài)動(dòng)詞就完成時(shí)表示“本來(lái)無(wú)必要做這事(卻做了)”,C選項(xiàng)mustnothavedone“禁止這樣做”;mustnot表示禁止,語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)硬,一般情況下后面不跟動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)態(tài),D選項(xiàng)couldn’thavedone“不能做這事(但做了),”句意:他自己把包裹帶回家,但他_______,商店可以把包裹寄給他。句子表達(dá)的意思是商店可以把包裹寄給他,所以他過(guò)去沒(méi)必要自己搬回包裹,表示過(guò)去沒(méi)必要做,但是做了的事情,所以本題的正確答案是B選項(xiàng)。

17.單選題

Nooneknowswhowasthefirsttoinventthediceasweknowthem.Whatisremarkableisthattheyhaveremainedvirtuallyintactacrossnationalboundariesandallthroughtheage——smallcubesma

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