考研考博-英語-博爾塔拉職業(yè)技術學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-博爾塔拉職業(yè)技術學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓練(共50題)1.單選題

Thereferenceshemadetoherfriend,thepoet,wasinterestingbuttoo（）foranyonetoappreciate.

問題1選項

A.drastic

B.dull

C.obscure

D.distinct

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項drastic“激烈的；猛烈的”；B選項dull“鈍的；遲鈍的；無趣的；呆滯的”；C選項obscure“昏暗的；晦澀的；不清楚的；隱蔽的”；D選項distinct“明顯的；獨特的；清楚的；有區(qū)別的”。句意：她對她詩人朋友的提及盡管令人關注，但是卻太晦澀而沒有人能理解。根據(jù)句中“buttoo但是卻太”可知“晦澀的”符合語境，因此C選項正確。

2.單選題

Maryonce（

）withanothermusiciantocomposeapieceofpopmusic.

問題1選項

A.merged

B.collaborated

C.coincided

D.constituted

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。merge“混合”；collaborate“合作”；coincide“一致”；constitute“組成，構成”。句意：瑪麗曾經與另外一位音樂家合作寫了一首流行曲。選項B符合題意。

3.單選題

Heisholding（

）apositioninthecompanyandexpectstobepromotedsoon.

問題1選項

A.subordinate

B.succeeding

C.successive

D.subsequent

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞辨析題。subordinate從屬的，下級的；succeeding隨后的，接著的；successive連續(xù)的，交替的；subsequent隨后的。根據(jù)下句“expectstobepromotedsoon”希望不久能得到提升，說明他在公司擔任下級的職務，所以選項A符合句意。

4.單選題

Ofallthecomponentsofagoodnight'ssleep,dreamsseemtobeleastwithinourcontrol.Indreams,awindowopensintoaworldwherelogicissuspendedanddeadpeoplespeak.Acenturyago,Freudformulatedhisrevolutionarytheorythatdreamswerethedisguisedshadowsofourunconsciousdesiresandfears;bythelate1970s,neurologistshadswitchedtothinkingofthemasjust“mentalnoise”--therandombyproductsoftheneural-repairworkthatgoesonduringsleep.Nowresearcherssuspectthatdreamsarepartofthemind'semotionalthermostat,regulatingmoodswhilethebrainis“off-line”.Andoneleadingauthoritysaysthattheseintenselypowerfulmentaleventscanbenotonlyharnessedbutactuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol,tohelpussleepandfeelbetter.“It'syourdream,”saysRosalindCartwright,chairofpsychologyatChicago'sMedicalCenter.“Ifyoudon'tlikeit,changeit.”

Evidencefrombrain,imagingsupportsthisview.ThebrainisasactiveduringREM（rapideyemovement）sleep--whenmostvividdreamsoccur—asitiswhenfullyawake,saysDr.EricNofzingerattheUniversityofPittsburgh.Butnotallpartsofthebrainareequallyinvolved;thelimbicsystem（the“emotionalbrain”）isespeciallyactive,whiletheprefrontalcortex（thecenterofintellectandreasoning）isrelativelyquiet.“Wewakeupfromdreamshappyordepressed,andthosefeelingscanstaywithusallday，”saysStanfordsleepresearcherDr.WilliamDement.

ThelinkbetweendreamsandemotionsshowsupamongthepatientsinCartwright’sclinic.Mostpeopleseemtohavemorebaddreamsearlyinthenight,progressingtowardhappieronesbeforeawakening,suggestingthattheyareworkingthroughnegativefeelingsgeneratedduringtheday.Becauseourconsciousmindisoccupiedwithdailylife,wedon’talwaysthinkabouttheemotionalsignificanceoftheday’seventsuntil,itappears,webegintodream.Andthisprocessneednotbelefttotheunconscious.Cartwrightbelievesonecanexerciseconsciouscontroloverrecurringbaddreams.Assoonasyouawaken,identifywhatisupsettingaboutthedream.Visualizehowyouwouldlikeittoendinstead;thenexttimeitoccurs,trytowakeupjustenoughtocontrolitscourse.Withmuchpracticepeoplecanlearnto,literally,doitintheirsleep.

Attheendoftheday,there'sprobablylittlereasontopayattentiontoourdreamsatallunlesstheykeepusfromsleepingor“wewakeupinapanic,”Cartwrightsays.Terrorism,economicuncertaintiesandgeneralfeelingsofinsecurityhaveincreasedpeople'sanxiety.Thosesufferingfrompersistentnightmaresshouldseekhelpfromatherapist.Fortherestofus,thebrainhasitswaysofworkingthroughbadfeelings.Sleep—orratherdream—onitandyou'llfeelbetterinthemorning.

1.Researchershavecometobelievethatdreams（）.

2.Byreferringtothelimbicsystem,theauthorintendstoshow（）.

3.Thenegativefeelingsgeneratedduringthedaytendto（）.

4.Cartwrightseemstosuggestthat（）.

5.WhatadvicemightCartwrightgivetothosewhosometimeshavebaddreams?

問題1選項

A.canbemodifiedintheircourses

B.aresusceptibletoemotionalchanges

C.reflectourinnermostdesiresandfears

D.arearandomoutcomeofneuralrepairs

問題2選項

A.itsfunctioninourdreams

B.themechanismofREMsleep

C.therelationofdreamstoemotions

D.itsdifferencefromtheprefrontalcortex

問題3選項

A.aggravateinourunconsciousmind

B.developintohappydreams

C.persisttillthetimewefallasleep

D.showupindreamsearlyatnight

問題4選項

A.wakingupintimeisessentialtotheriddingofbaddreams

B.visualizingbaddreamshelpsbringthemundercontrol

C.dreamsshouldbelefttotheirnaturalprogression

D.dreamingmaynotentirelybelongtotheunconscious

問題5選項

A.Leadyourlifeasusual.

B.Seekprofessionalhelp.

C.Exerciseconsciouscontrol.

D.Avoidanxietyinthedaytime

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由第一段"Andoneleadingauthoritysaysthattheseintenselypowerfulmentaleventscanbenotonlyharnessedbutactuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol,tohelpussleepandfeelbetter."一位權威人士表示，我們不僅可以利用這些強烈的精神活動，還可以有意識地控制它們，幫助我們睡眠，讓我們感覺更好?？芍獕羰强梢员蝗藗冇幸庾R地控制的。A項正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。thelimbicsystem（the“emotionalbrain”）isespeciallyactive,whiletheprefrontalcortex（thecenterofintellectandreasoning）isrelativelyquiet.“Wewakeupfromdreamshappyordepressed,andthosefeelingscanstaywithusallday，”saysStanfordsleepresearcherDr.WilliamDement.邊緣系統(tǒng)（“情緒大腦”）特別活躍，而前額葉皮層（智力和推理的中心）相對安靜。斯坦福大學睡眠研究員威廉?德門特博士說:“我們從夢中醒來時可能會感到高興，也可能會感到沮喪，這些感覺可能會伴隨我們一整天?！弊髡呦冉榻B了這兩個大腦區(qū)域，然后引用Dr.WilliamDement的話來解釋夢與情緒的關系。故C項正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。由第三段Mostpeopleseemtohavemorebaddreamsearlyinthenight,progressingtowardhappieronesbeforeawakening,suggestingthattheyareworkingthroughnegativefeelingsgeneratedduringtheday.大多數(shù)人似乎在深夜做了更多的噩夢，然后在醒來之前會逐漸做一些更快樂的夢，這表明他們正在消解白天產生的消極情緒。據(jù)此可知白天的消極情緒會轉化為深夜的噩夢。D項正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。由第三段"Andthisprocessneednotbelefttotheunconscious.Cartwrightbelievesonecanexerciseconsciouscontroloverrecurringbaddreams."這個過程不需要處于無意識狀態(tài)的?？ㄌ厝R特認為，人們可以有意識地控制反復出現(xiàn)的噩夢?？芍獕舨⒉豢偸菍儆跓o意識的，通過一定的訓練，人們可以有意識地控制夢。故D項正確。

5.細節(jié)事實題。由題干定位到最后一段"Fortherestofus,thebrainhasitswaysofworkingthroughbadfeelings.Sleep—orratherdream—onitandyou'llfeelbetterinthemorning."對于其他的人來說，大腦有自己的方式來處理不好的感覺。睡一覺——或者干脆做個夢——早上醒來你就會感覺好一些。可知Cartwright建議偶爾做噩夢的人順其自然，因為大腦可以處理不好的感覺。故A項正確。

5.單選題

Automobiles,notfactories,areresponsiblefortwo-thirdsofthesmoginAmerica'scities,andthesmog（）thepossibilityofawholenewkindofepidemic,notduetoonegerm,butduetopollutedenvironment.

問題1選項

A.presents

B.emerges

C.erects

D.imposes

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A:presents“呈現(xiàn)；提交；使產生”；B:emerges“出現(xiàn)”；C:erects“使直立”；D:imposes“強加；征稅”。句意：汽車而不是工廠，是美國城市三分之二的煙霧的罪魁禍首。煙霧產生了一種全新的流行病的可能性，不是由一種細菌引起的，而是由于環(huán)境污染造成的。結合語境，由賓語是“一種全新疾病的可能性”，可知A為正確答案。

6.單選題

OneoftheresponsibilitiesoftheCoastGuardistomakesurethatallships________followtrafficrulesinbusyharbors.

問題1選項

A.cautiously

B.dutifully

C.faithfully

D.skillfully

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項“謹慎地”；B選項“忠貞地，盡責地”；C選項“忠實地，如實地”；D選項“巧妙地，熟練地”。句意：海岸警衛(wèi)隊的職責之一是確保所有船只在繁忙的港口（）遵守交通規(guī)則。根據(jù)關鍵詞trafficrule，我們一般是如實地遵守，而不是說謹慎地、有技巧地遵守，所以C選項最正確。

7.單選題

TheUnitedNationLawoftheSeaConferencewouldsoonproduceanocean-miningtreaty

followingits（）declarationin1970thatoceansweretheheritageofmankind.

問題1選項

A.unanimous

B.abstract

C.autonomous

D.almighty

【答案】A

【解析】固定用法。unanimous意見一致的，無異議的；abstract抽象的；autonomous自

治的；almighty全能的。unanimous與declaration連用,表示達成一致的聲明。

8.翻譯題

Nowastothematteroflying,youwanttobeverycarefulaboutlying;otherwiseyouarenearlysuretogetcaught.Oncecaught,youcanneveragainbe,intheeyesofthegoodandpure,whatyouwerebefore.Manyayoungpersonhasinjuredhimselfpermanentlythroughasingleclumsyandill-finishedlie,theresultofcarelessnessbornofincompletetraining.Someauthoritiesholdthattheyoungoughtnottolieatall.That,ofcourse,isputtingitratherstrongerthannecessary;stillwhilelcannotgoquitesofarasthat,Idomaintain,andIbelieveIamright,thattheyoungoughttobetemperateintheuseofthisgreatartuntilpracticeandexperienceshallgivethemthatconfidence,eleganceandprecisionwhichalonecanmaketheaccomplishmentgracefulandprofitable.Practice,diligence,painstakingattentiontodetail—thesearerequirements;theseintime,willmakethestudentperfect;uponthese,andupontheseonly,mayherelyasthesurefoundationforfutureeminence.Thinkwhattediousyearsofstudy,thought,practice,experience,wenttotheequipmentofthatpeerlessoldmasterwhowasabletoimposeuponthewholeworldtheloftyandsoundingmaximthat“Truthismightyandwillprevail”—themostmajesticcompoundfractureoffactwhichanyofwomanbornhasyetachieved.Forthehistoryofourrace,andeachindividual’sexperience,aresownthickwithevidencethatatruthisnothardtokillandalietoldwellisimmortal.ThereisinBostonamonumentofthemanwhodiscoveredanesthesia.

【答案】現(xiàn)在要是說到說謊，你必須要非常小心地說謊；否則你幾乎肯定會被抓。在善良和純潔的人眼里，一旦你被抓住，你就再也不可能是你以前的樣子了。許多年輕人就因為一個笨拙的、沒有完成的謊言而永久地傷害了自己，這是缺乏訓練而導致的粗心的結果。一些權威人士認為，年輕人根本不應該撒謊。當然，這是一種過于強烈的表達；盡管我不能做到那樣，我還是會堅持，我相信我是對的，年輕人在運用這門偉大的藝術時應該有節(jié)制，直到實踐和經驗會給他們帶來自信、優(yōu)雅和精確，而只有這些才能使你優(yōu)雅而有益地完成這門藝術。實踐、勤奮、對細節(jié)的細心——這些都是要求；這些假以時日，會使學生臻于完美；在這些基礎上，也只有在這些基礎上，他才能作為未來顯赫的可靠基礎。想想看，這位舉世無雙的老大師，經過多年枯燥乏味的學習、思考、實踐和經驗，才得以把“真理是強大的，并且將會獲勝”這句崇高而響亮的格言傳遍全世界——這是迄今為止任何一位女性所取得的最宏偉的復合斷裂事實。因為我們人類的歷史和每個人的經歷都布滿了證據(jù)，證明真理不難消滅，而講得好的謊言則是不朽的。波士頓有一座紀念麻醉術發(fā)明者的紀念碑。

9.單選題

BeforetheNobelPrizeinliteraturewasawardedtoJohnSteinbeckin1962,onlyfiveAmericanshadbeenpreviouslythushonored,themostrecentbeingErnestHemingwayin1954andWilliamFaulknerin1949.Steinbeckhadbeenconsideredonthoseoccasionsandalsoin1945.Asthehonorisbyfarthegreatestanywritercanreceive,Steinbeckwaselated.Thefeelingofelationwastemperedslightly,however,bytheobservationexpressedbySteinbeckin1956，thatrecipientsoftheNobelPrizeseldomwriteanythingofvalueafterwards.HecitedHemingwayandFaulknerasexamples,minimizingthepointthatbythetimeoftheirselectionmostwritershadalreadywrittentheirbestwork.Attheageofsixty,whenhereceivedtheawardshimself,Steinbeckwrotetoafriendthathewouldnothaveacceptedtheawardhadhenotbelievedthathewouldcontinuetowritewell,thathe4*couldbeattherap'Likehiscontemporaries,andothersaswell,however,hedidnot.

Therewasnoexpectationorneedthatthewriterdoesso,forSteinbeckhadlongbeforemadehismarkinmodernAmericanliterature.

1.InwhatyearwasSteinbecksixtyyearsold?

2.Accordingtothepassage,Steinbeckwrotehisbestwork（

）.

3.Before1949,howmanyAmericanshadreceivedtheNobelPrizeforliterature?

4.Inthesecondparagraph,thephrase"doesso”refersto

（

）.

5.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardJohnSteinbeck?

問題1選項

A.1949

B.1954

C.1956

D.1962

問題2選項

A.inanexpressivestyle

B.beforereceivingtheNobelPrize

C.whilehewasfeelingelated

D.guidedbyhiscontemporaries

問題3選項

A.Two

B.Three

C.Four

D.Five

問題4選項

A.feelelatedatreceivingtheNobelPrize

B.accepttheNobelPrizeifnominated

C.writewellafterreceivingtheNobelPrize

D.honorNobelPrizewinnersofthepast

問題5選項

A.Steinbeckwasanexceptionallydifferentauthor

B.SteinbeckshouldhavereceivedtheNobelPrizeearlier

C.Steinbeckwroteequallywellthroughouthislife

D.Steinbeckearnedhisreputationwellbefore1962

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。第一段指出:BeforetheNobelPrizeinliteraturewasawardedtoJohnSteinbeckin1962(在諾貝爾文學獎于1962年被授予JohnSteinbeck（約翰?斯坦貝克）之前),以及后面說到:Attheageofsixty,whenhereceivedtheawardshimself(60歲時，在他（約翰?斯坦貝克）自己得到該獎項（即諾貝爾文學獎）后),由此可知D項“1962年”正確。

2.判斷推理題。最后一段指出:Therewasnoexpectationorneedthatthewriterdoesso,forSteinbeckhadlongbeforemadehismarkinmodernAmericanliterature(不期望或不需要)約翰?斯坦貝克在得到諾貝爾文學獎后繼續(xù)寫出好作品，因為他在很早以前己經在現(xiàn)代美國文學上成名了。由此可知B項“在獲得諾貝爾獎之前”正確。

3.判斷推理題。第一段指出:BeforetheNobelPrizeinliteraturewasawardedtoJohnSteinbeckin1962，onlyfiveAmericanshadbeenpreviouslythushonored,themostrecentbeingErnestHemingwayin1954andWilliamFaulknerin1949(在諾貝爾文學獎于1962年被授予JohnSteinbeck（約翰?斯坦貝克）之前，只有五位美國人先前受到過如此殊榮，這五位在時間上最近的是1954年的歐內斯特?海明威（美國作家）和1949年的威廉??？思{（美國小說家）),由此可知1949年以前獲得諾貝爾文學獎的美國人有三位。

4.判斷推理題。"doesso”出現(xiàn)在第二段,其所在句是順承前面的句子:Steinbeckwrotetoafriendthathewouldnothaveacceptedtheawardhadhenotbelievedthathewouldcontinuetowritewell,thathe“couldbeattherap”(約翰?斯坦貝克給一位朋友寫信稱，如果他不相信自己將繼續(xù)寫出好作品和能免受指責（諾貝爾獎得主在得獎后很少寫出有價值的任何東西）的話，那么他將不會接受諾貝爾獎),由此可知C項“獲得諾貝爾獎后寫出好作品”正確。

5.觀點態(tài)度題。最后一段指出:TherewasnoexpectationorneedthatthewriterdoessoforSteinbeckhadlongbeforemadehismarkinmodernAmericanliterature(不期望或不需要這位作者（即約翰?斯坦貝克）在得到諾貝爾文學獎后繼續(xù)寫出好作品，因為約翰?斯坦貝克在很早以前已經在現(xiàn)代美國文學上成名了)。由此可知D項“約翰?斯坦貝克在1962年前已經非常出名”正確。

10.單選題

Pleasedropinwheneveryoucan.I’dliketokeep______touch.

問題1選項

A.in

B.on

C.to

D.with

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：有空請隨時來坐坐。我想保持聯(lián)系。keepintouch是固定搭配，意為“保持聯(lián)系”。其他三項不能進行搭配。因此A選項正確。

11.單選題

Astrophysicistswrestlingwiththestudyofanewkindofstar,theflat,‘two-dimensional”configurationsknownasaccretiondiskshaverecentlygainednewinsightsintothebehaviorofthesestars.Accretiondisksexistinavarietyofsituationswheremattersswirlaroundacompactstarsuchasawhitedwarfstaroraneutronstar.Accretiondisksarealsosuspectedofplayingapartinmoreexoticsituations,inwhichthecentralobjectisimaginedtobeasupermassiveblackhole,theultimateformofcollapsedmatter,ratherthanacompactstar.Themodelingofaccretiondisksisstillinitsinfancy,asituationanalogoustothedayswhenordinarystarsweremodeledbyusingelementaryscalinglawswithoutbenefitofknowledgeofthenuclearprocessesthatpowerthestars.Similarly,thebasicphysicsofthepowerbywhichaccretiondisksradiate,thoughttooriginateinaformofturbulentfriction,isknownonlyatthecrudestlevel.

AccretiondiskswerefirstdefinedinthecontextofCataclysmicvariables.Inthesesystems,matterfromtheouterlayersofanordinarystarisattractedbythegravitationalinfluenceofanearbyorbitingwhitedwarfstar,thematterlostfromtheordinarystarcannotstrikethesurfaceofthetinywhitedwarfdirectlybutsettlesintoanorbitaroundthestar.Theviscosityinthediskthusformedcausesheating,radiation,andaslowspiralingofdiskmatterontothesurfaceofthewhitedwarf.

TherapidadvancesmadeinX-rayastronomyinthepastdecadehaveidentifiedasecondtypeofsysteminwhichaccretiondisksoccur.Insuchasystem,anaccretiondiskwhirlsaboutaneutronstatratherthanawhitedwarf.Theinnerreachesoftheaccretiondiskextenddeeplyintothegravitationalpotentialoftheneutronstarwhereveryrapidmotionistherule.Theenergyreleasedbyfrictionandtheactualrainingofthematerialfromthediskontothesurfaceoftheneutronstarissogreatthatradiationisgivenoffinapowerfulfloodofx-rays.Andinatleastonecase,X-rayastronomersbelievethattheobjectinthecenterofanaccretiondiskisablackhole,suggestingthatathirdsystemmayexist.

Ithadbeenassumedthatportionsofaccretiondiskswouldbeunstableandthat,asaresult,clumpingoftheirmatterintoringswouldoccur.Thereisnoevidencefromobservation,however,thataccretiondisksdo,infact,sufferfromtheseinstabilities.Inrecentwork,AbramowiczhasshownthataddedgravitationaleffectsduetogeneralrelativitymayaltertheexpectedNewtoniangravitationalrelationshipsinsuchawaythatthediskremainsstable,indicatingthatitispossiblethatthesepredictedinstabilitiesdonotoccur.Furtherprogresstowardunderstandingaccretiondiskswillinvolvedefiningandproposingsolutionstorestrictedproblemsjustaswasdoneinthiscaseandwasdoneandcontinuestobedoneforordinarystars.Abramowicz’workisavaluableexampleofthecarethatmustbetakenbeforereachingconclusionsregardingaccretiondisks.

1.Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Thepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutcurrentscientificknowledgeofthenuclearprocessesofordinarystars?

3.ThepassagesuggeststhatAbramowicz’workwasmotivatedbywhichofthefollowingassumptions?

4.Accordingtothepassage,someaccretiondisksoriginatedin（

）.

5.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthesignificanceofAbramowicz'workisthatit（

）.

問題1選項

A.comparingAbramowicz’worktotheworkofearlierastrophysicists

B.Definingtheconditionsunderwhichaccretiondiskscanbeobserved

C.Providinginformationaboutaccretiondisksanddiscussingsignificantnewwork

D.Exploringthequestionofwhetherablackholecaneverbethecentralobjectofanaccretiondisk

問題2選項

A.Itspatternofdevelopmenthasbeenanalogoustothatofdevelopmentsinx-rayastronomy.

B.Ithascontributedtoamoreaccuratemodelingofordinarystars.

C.Itsroleintheexplanationofturbulentfrictionhasbeensignificant.

D.Itlagsbehindknowledgeofscalinglaws.

問題3選項

A.Thequantityofenergyreleasedbyaccretiondiskscanbeaslargeasitisonlyifthedisksarestable.

B.ImprovedtechniquesinX-rayastronomywouldrevealanyinstabilitiesoccurringinaccretiondisks.

C.Thelackofobservationalevidenceofinstabilitiesinaccretiondiskssuggeststhatpredictionsoftheiroccurrencemightbewrong.

D.Knownmethodsofobservingaccretiondisksurroundingcompactstarsandblackholesdonotpermittheobservationofthematterinaccretiondisks.

問題4選項

A.anincreaseinheatandradiationaroundanordinarystar

B.apowerfulfloodofx-raysemittedbyaneutronstar

C.theturbulentfrictiononthesurfaceofacompactstar

D.Theaccumulationofmatterremovedfromanordinarystar

問題5選項

A.suggestsaresolutionofadiscrepancybetweenatheoreticalpredictionandactualobservation

B.opensanewareaforexplorationinthefieldofx-rayastronomy

C.provesthatscalinglawscannotbeappliedtoaccretiondisks

D.proposesanewsystemofclassificationofstars

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.文章第一句為中心句，根據(jù)“Astrophysicistswrestlingwiththestudyofanewkingofstar,theflat,‘two-dimensional”Configurationsknownasaccretiondiskshaverecentlygainednewinsightsintothebehaviorofthesestars.天體物理學家們正在努力研究一種新的恒星之王——扁平的“二維”吸積盤，最近對這些恒星的行為有了新的認識。”確定本文主要介紹吸積盤及最新研究。C選項符合題意。

2.根據(jù)文章第一段倒數(shù)第二句“Themodelingofaccretiondisksisstillinitsinfancy,asituationanalogoustothedayswhenordinarystarsweremodeledbyusingelementaryscalinglawswithoutbenefitofknowledgeofthenuclearprocessesthatpowerthestars.吸積盤的建模仍處于初級階段，類似于普通恒星使用基本尺度定律建模的日子，而不需要了解恒星的核反應過程。‘確定B選項‘它有助于對普通恒星進行更精確的建模?！_。選項A,C不符作者suggest的意思，D項表達表達有誤，作者只是用吸積盤建模和普通星體在元素標度律建模方面兩者具有一致性而沒有比較兩者之間是誰落后誰的問題。

3.根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段頭兩句TherapidadvancesmadeinX-rayastronomyinthepastdecadehaveidentifiedasecondtypeofsysteminwhichaccretiondisksoccur.Insuchasystem,anaccretiondiskwhirlsaboutaneutronstatratherthanawhitedwarf.在過去的十年里，x射線天文學的快速發(fā)展已經確定了吸積盤發(fā)生的第二種類型的系統(tǒng)。在這樣的系統(tǒng)中，一個吸積盤圍繞一個中子stat旋轉，而不是一個白矮星。，即Abramowiczhasshownthatindicatingthatitispossiblethatthesepredictedinstabilitiesdonotoccur,理論與實際的不相符合，即可選出正確答案為C選項’由于缺乏關于吸積盤不穩(wěn)定性的觀測證據(jù)，這表明對其發(fā)生的預測可能是錯誤的。‘符合題意。A，D選項表達沒有錯誤，但不符合作者的suggest；B選項表述錯誤。

4.根據(jù)文章第二段第二句:“Inthesesystems,matterfromtheouterlayersofanordinarystarisattractedbythegravitationalinfluenceofanearbyorbitingwhitedwarfstar,thematterlostfromtheordinarystarcannotstrikethesurfaceofthetinywhitedwarfdirectlybutsettlesintoanorbitaroundthestar.在這些系統(tǒng)中，來自普通恒星外層的物質受到附近環(huán)繞白矮星的引力影響而被吸引，普通恒星失去的物質不能直接撞擊微小白矮星的表面，而是進入圍繞恒星的軌道。”確定D選項正確。

5.文章最后一句“Abramowicz’workisavaluableexampleofthecarethatmustbetakenbeforereachingconclusionsregardingaccretiondisks.阿布拉莫維奇的工作是一個很有價值的例子，說明在得出關于吸積盤的結論之前必須小心謹慎。”表明Abramowicz是理論與實際不符的，所以A選項‘建議解決理論預測與實際觀測之間的差異‘符合題意。

12.單選題

Inthecollege-admissionswars,weparentsarethetruefighters.We’repushingourkidstogetgoodgrades,takeSATpreparatorycoursesandbuildresumessotheycangetintothecollegeofourfirstchoice.I’vetwicebeentothewars,andasIsurveythebattlefield,somethingdifferentishappening.Weseeourkids’collegebackgroundasaprizedemonstratinghowwellwe’veraisedthem.Butwecan’tacknowledgethatourobsessionismoreaboutusthanthem.Sowe’vecontrivedvariousjustificationsthatturnouttobehalf-truths,prejudicesormyths.Itactuallydoesn’tmattermuchwhetherAaronandNicolegotoStanford.

Wehaveafull-blownprestigepanic;weworrythattherewon’tbeenoughprizestogoaround.Fearfulparentsurgetheirchildrentoapplytomoreschoolsthanever.Underlyingthehysteriaisthebeliefthatscarceelitedegreesmustbehighlyvaluable.Theirgraduatesmustenjoymoresuccessbecausetheygetabettereducatinganddevelopbettercontacts.Allthatisplausible—andmostlywrong.Wehaven’tfoundanyconvincingevidencethatselectivityorprestigematters.Selectiveschoolsdon’tsystematicallyemploybetterinstructionalapproachesthanless-selectiveschools.Ontwomeasures—professors’feedbackandthenumberofessayexams―selectiveschoolsdoslightlyworse.

Bysomestudies,selectiveschoolsdoenhancetheirgraduates’lifetimeearnings.Thegainisreckonedat2-4%forevery100-pointincreaseinaschool’saverageSATscores.Buteventhisadvantageisprobablyastatisticalfluke.Awell-knownstudyexaminedstudentswhogotintohighlyselectiveschoolsandthenwentelsewhere.Theyearnedjustasmuchasgraduatesfromhigher-statusschools.Kidscountmorethantheircolleges.GettingintoYalemaysignifyintelligence,talentandambition.Butit’snottheonlyindicatorand,paradoxically,itssignificanceisdeclining.Thereason:somanysimilarpeoplegoelsewhere.Gettingintocollegeisn’tlife’sonlycompetition.Inthenextcompetition—thejobmarketandgraduateschool―theresultsmaychange.Old-boynetworksarebreakingdown.PrincetoneconomistAlanKruegerstudiedadmissionstoonetopPh.D.program.HighscoresontheGREhelpedexplainwhogotin;degreesofprestigiousuniversitiesdidn’t.

So,parents,lightenup.Thestakeshavebeenvastlyexaggerated.Uptoapoint,wecanrationalizeourpushiness.Americaisacompetitivesociety;ourkidsneedtoadjusttothat.Buttoomuchpushinesscanbedestructive.TheveryambitionweimposeonourchildrenmaygetsomeintoHarvardbutmayalsosetthemupfordisappointment.Onestudyfoundthat,otherthingsbeingequal,graduatesofhighlyselectiveschoolsexperiencedmorejobdissatisfaction.Theymayhavebeensoconditionedtobeingontopthatanythinglessdisappoints.

1.Whydoestheauthorsaythatparentsarethetruefightersinthecollege-admissionswars?

2.Whydoparentsurgetheirchildrentoapplytomoreschoolthanever?

3.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“Kidscountmorethantheircolleges”(Line5，Para.3)?

4.Whatcanyouinferfromthepassage?

5.Onepossibleresultofpushingchildrenintoeliteuniversitiesisthat（）.

問題1選項

A.Theyhavethefinalsayinwhichuniversitytheirchildrenaretoattend

B.Theyknowbestwhichuniversitiesaremostsuitablefortheirchildren

C.Theyhavetocarryoutintensivesurveysofcollegesbeforechildrenmakeanapplication

D.Theycaremoreaboutwhichcollegetheirchildrengotothanthechildrenthemselves

問題2選項

A.Theywanttoincreasetheirchildren’schancesofenteringaprestigiouscollege

B.Theyhopetheirchildrencanenterauniversitythatoffersattractivescholarships

C.Theirchildrenwillhaveawiderchoiceofwhichcollegetogoto

D.Eliteuniversit