考研考博-英語-四川文理學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-四川文理學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Weofferawidevarietyofservicestofityourrequest,（）webdesign,graphicdesign,webdevelopment,oranythingelse.

問題1選項

A.whethertheybe

B.whetheritbe

C.wouldtheybe

D.woulditbe

【答案】B

【解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：我們提供各種各樣的服務(wù)，以滿足您的要求，無論是網(wǎng)頁設(shè)計，圖形設(shè)計，網(wǎng)頁開發(fā)，或任何其他。根據(jù)句意可知，這里表示的是“無論….”，可首先排除選項C和選項D；其次，原句中并列的幾個選擇性詞組都是單數(shù)形式，所以這里的代詞也應(yīng)該使用單數(shù)，選項B為正確答案。

2.單選題

IV.CriminalLaw

Tworecenteventshavebroughtmoreattentiontothisproblem.OneinvolvesthedecisionnottochargeNBCanchorDavidGregorywithweapons—lawviolationsbearingapotentialyear-longsentence—forbrandishinga30-roundmagazine(彈夾)(illegalinD.C.),despitetheprosecutor’sstatementthattheon-airviolationwasclear;theotherinvolvesprosecutors’ratherenthusiasticeffortstoprosecuteReddit(一個社會化新聞網(wǎng)站)founderAaronSwartzfordownloadingacademicjournalarticlesfromacloseddatabase,prosecutorialeffortssoenthusiasticthatSwartzcommittedsuicideinthefaceofapotential50-yearsentence.

Bothcaseshavearousedcriticism,andinSwartz’scaseevenlegislationdesignedtoensurethatviolatingwebsites’termscannotbeprosecutedasacrime.Buttheproblemismuchbroader.Giventhevastweboflegislationandregulationthatexiststoday,virtuallyanyAmericanisatriskofprosecutionshouldaprosecutordecidethattheyare,inRobertJackson’s(原美國司法部長，后任最高法院法官)words,aperson“heshouldget.”

AsTimWurecountedin2007,apopulargameintheU.S.Attorney’sofficeintheSouthernDistrictofNewYorkwastonameafamousperson—MotherTeresa(特蕾莎修女——諾貝爾和平獎獲得者),orJohnLennon(約翰?列儂——披頭士樂隊成員)—anddecidehowtheycouldbeprosecuted:“Itwouldthenbeuptothejuniorprosecutorstofigureoutaplausiblecrimeforwhichtoindicthimorher.Thecrimeswerenotusuallyrape,murder,orothercrimesyou’dseeonaTVshowbutrathertheincrediblybroadyetobscurecrimesthatpopulatetheU.S.Codelikeakindofjurisprudentialminefield:Crimeslike‘falsestatements’(afelony,uptofiveyears),‘obstructingthemails’(fiveyears),or‘falsepretensesonthehighseas’(alsofiveyears).Thetrickandtheskilllayinfindingthemoreobscureoffensesthatfitthecharacterofthecelebrityandcarriedthetoughestsentences.The,result,however,wasinevitable:‘prisontime.’”

WithsomanymorefederallawsandregulationsthanwerepresentinJackson’sday,thetaskforprosecutorsoffirstchoosingtheman—orwoman—andthenpinningthecrimeonhimorherhasbecomemucheasier.

Theupshotofcommentisthattheproliferationoffederalcriminalstatutesandregulationshasreachedthepointthatvirtuallyeverycitizen,knowinglyornot(usuallynot)ispotentiallyatriskforprosecution.Thatisundoubtedlytrue,andtheconsequencesaredrasticandtroubling.

63.Withthetwoexamplesinthe1stparagraph,theauthorwantstoshowthat___.

64.Whatistheproblemtheauthorthinksreferredtointhe2ndparagraph?

65.ThegamedescribedbyTimWuinthe3rdparagraphis___.

66.Theaboveparagraphsshowthattheauthoris___withthesituationintheUS.

問題1選項

A.brandishingmagazineisnotasseriousasdownloadingthousandsofacademicarticles.

B.prosecutorshavelargediscretioninprosecutingpeople.

C.prosecutorsindifferentplaceshavedifferentstandardofprosecution.

D.AaronSwartzcommittedsuicidebecausehedidnotwanttobeintheprison.

問題2選項

A.Lackoflegislationforviolatingwebsites’terms.

B.AnyAmericanisatriskofprosecution.

C.Toomanylegislationandregulationthatexisttoday.

D.Prosecutors’discretiontochargeindividualswithcrimeamplifiedbyhugenumberoflaws.

問題3選項

A.usedinsomeplacestotrainjuniorprosecutors

B.findingoutwhatcrimeMotherTeresacouldcommit

C.findingoutwhatcrimeJohnLennoncouldcommit

D.ordinarycrimesdonotfiteitherMotherTeresaorJohnLennon

問題4選項

A.satisfied

B.ataloss

C.worried

D.concerned

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

【解析】63.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。第一段提到兩個例子，第一是主播大衛(wèi)?格雷戈里在直播中有非法舉動，但是檢察官決定不起訴他，第二個例子是Reddit創(chuàng)始人艾倫?斯沃茨，他從一個封閉的數(shù)據(jù)庫中下載學(xué)術(shù)期刊文章，檢察官決定起訴他，艾倫?斯沃茨在面臨可能50年監(jiān)禁的情況下自殺了，結(jié)合第二段所提到的內(nèi)容virtuallyanyAmericanisatriskofprosecutionshouldaprosecutordecidethattheyare（事實(shí)上，只要檢察官認(rèn)定，任何美國人都有被起訴的風(fēng)險）可知第一段所舉的兩個例子是想表明檢察官在起訴人時有很大的權(quán)利，很自由，選B選項“檢察官在起訴人時有很大的自由裁量權(quán)”；A選項“炫耀雜志并不像下載成千上萬的學(xué)術(shù)文章那么嚴(yán)肅”和C選項“不同地方的檢察官有不同的起訴標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”原文未提及；D選項“艾倫?斯沃茨自殺了，因為他不想待在監(jiān)獄里”雖然原文提及，但是只是一個例子中的一個方面，并不能概括作者舉兩個例子的意圖。因此B選項正確。

64.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第二段Giventhevastweboflegislationandregulationthatexiststoday,virtuallyanyAmericanisatriskofprosecutionshouldaprosecutordecidethattheyare（鑒于目前存在的龐大的法律法規(guī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如果檢察官認(rèn)定，幾乎任何美國人都有被起訴的風(fēng)險）可知作者在這里想表明的問題是檢察官在起訴人時有很大的權(quán)利，很自由，選D選項“檢察官對被大量法律放大的犯罪指控個人的自由裁量權(quán)”，同時可知A選項“缺乏違反網(wǎng)站條款的法律”錯誤，原文提到了“存在的龐大的法律法規(guī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)”，A選項和原文相悖；B選項“任何美國人都有被起訴的風(fēng)險”以及C選項“現(xiàn)在有太多的立法和法規(guī)”并不是第二段提出的主要問題，第二段主要想強(qiáng)調(diào)檢察官的權(quán)利。因此D選項正確。

65.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字“TimWu”定位到原文第三段AsTimWurecountedin2007,apopulargameintheU.S.Attorney’sofficeintheSouthernDistrictofNewYorkwastonameafamousperson—MotherTeresa,orJohnLennon—anddecidehowtheycouldbeprosecuted:“Itwouldthenbeuptothejuniorprosecutorstofigureoutaplausiblecrimeforwhichtoindicthimorher.Thecrimeswerenotusuallyrape,murder,orothercrimesyou’dseeonaTVshowbutrathertheincrediblybroadyetobscurecrimesthatpopulatetheU.S.Codelikeakindofjurisprudentialminefield…”（正如蒂姆?吳2007年所述，在紐約南區(qū)的美國檢察官辦公室里，一個流行的游戲是給一個名人起名——特雷莎修女，或者約翰?列儂并決定如何起訴他們：“然后由初級檢察官找出一個合理的罪名來起訴他或她。這些罪行通常不是強(qiáng)奸、謀殺或你在電視節(jié)目中看到的其他罪行，而是充斥在美國法典中的令人難以置信的廣泛而模糊的罪行，就像一個法學(xué)雷區(qū)）可知這個小游戲是決定如何用不尋常的罪行起訴名人，選D選項“普通犯罪不適合特蕾莎修女或約翰列儂”；A選項“在一些地方用來培訓(xùn)初級檢察官”原文未提及；B選項“找出特蕾莎修女可能犯下的罪行”和C選項“找出約翰列儂可能犯下的罪行”以偏概全，排除。因此D選項正確。

66.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文最后一段最后一句andtheconsequencesaredrasticandtroubling.（其后果是劇烈的和令人不安的）可知作者對于美國該情況是十分擔(dān)心的，選C選項“擔(dān)心”；A選項“滿意”，B選項“虧本”以及D選項“有關(guān)”都不符合原文作者的態(tài)度。因此C選項正確。

3.單選題

Theywanttostimulateeconomicgrowthintheregionbyoffering（）toforeigninvestors.

問題1選項

A.incentives

B.abundances

C.warriors

D.outnumbers

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析。incentives刺激，鼓勵;abundances大量，充足；warriors武士，勇士；outnumbers數(shù)量多于，比...多。句意:他們希望通過鼓勵外國投資者來該地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長。故A項符合句意。

4.單選題

AfewyearsagoaloneAmericancampaignerwroteabookinwhichhesetoutthemainpointofhisfascinateingocampaign—toabolishtelevision.Hismanifest“FourArgumentsfortheEliminationofTelevision”isanAmericanbestseller,andaftereighteditionsisstillgeneratinggreatconcernanddebateintheUSA.

JerryMander,aformeradvertisingexpertisconvincedthatforthesakeofourfreedom,andmentalandphysicalhealth,weshouldlearntolivewithoutTV.ThroughhisadvertisingbackgroundManderisawareofhowmuchoftelevisionisconcernedwithadvertisingandmoneymaking.Heseestheplantingofvaluesforprofitas“adeep,profoundanddisturbingactbyfewagainstthemany,foratrivialpurpose.”And,evenwithoutcommercials,heseesTVasdisturbingbecauseitcramspeople’sheadswithimageswhichalterthewaytheyfeelandbehave.Picturesformedby300,000tinydancingdotsaltering30timespersecond,bombardtheireyesaspeoplescantheimages10timesasecond.Thebrainregistersandstoresall30images,buttheconsciousmindregistersfarfewer.But,arguesMander,evenifyourejectordoubtwhatyouseeconsciously,itistoolate.

HefurtherarguesthatTVisadeadeningexperienceasitisrestrictedtojusttwosenses—sightandsound.Perceptionisdulledandflattened,saysMander,whenyoucan’tfeelandsmellandtotallyexperienceanevent.Peoplearejustsittingpassivelyforuptofourhoursanightwatchingascreenandlisteningtoartificialsound.“Nocultureinhistoryhasspentsuchanenormousamountoftimelookingatartificiallight,”saysMander,“andanotherworryingfactisthatprolongedexposuretoartificiallightaltershumancells,whichiswhyitisbeingusedforcertainmedicaltreatment”Researchersdonotknowiflife-longTVexposureisaphysicalriskornot,butasManderwouldargue,whyruntherisk?Itisimportantthatpeoplegetupnowandwithitoffbeforetheharmisdone—theymightalsobecomebrain-washed,orwhoknows.

1.FourArgumentsfortheEliminationofTedlevisionisabookwhich（

）.

2.JerryManderobjectstoTVadvertisingmainlybecause（

）

3.Manderthinkspeople’sfeelingsandbehaviorsarechangedbecause（

）.

4.BywatchingTVforseveralhourseverynight,Manderimpliesthat（

）.

5.MandersuggeststhatviewingTVoverlongperiodsoftime（

）.

問題1選項

A.causeddistresstomanyAmericans

B.achievedgreatsuccessoverseas

C.becameaverypopularbooktoread

D.expressedtheviewsofafascinatingman

問題2選項

A.theunderlyingprinciplesconcernmoney-making

B.itisineffectualingettingitsmessageacross

C.afewpeoplearedeeplydisturbedbyit

D.thevaluesitconveysareacceptedbyall

問題3選項

A.thebrainisabletomakeconsciousdecisions

B.theconsciousmindisaffectedbyTVimages

C.theireyesscanaTVscreen10timesasecond

D.theconsciousmindisunabletorejecttheimagesitsees

問題4選項

A.peoplewouldlosetheirothersenses

B.peoplewouldbeveiyimaginative

C.peoplewillbecomeverypassive

D.peoplewouldcometodependononlywatching

問題5選項

A.couldleadtodeath

B.mightcausebraindamage

C.couldendangerpeople’shealth

D.wouldmakecellsmalignant

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段：…aftereighteditionsisstillgeneratinggreatconcernanddebateintheUSA：這本書自從幾年前出版以來已經(jīng)出了八版。并且還在引起廣泛的關(guān)注和激烈的爭論。由此可知，C項(成為了很受歡迎的書)為正確答案。A:給美國人帶來了痛苦。與原文不符。B:在海外取得很大成功。文章只提到在美國引起人們的關(guān)注與爭議，故與原文不符。D:介紹一個有魅力者的觀點(diǎn)。與原文不符。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。第二段：...howmuchoftelevisionisconcernedwithadvertising

andmoneymaking...；Heseestheplantingofvaluesforprofitas“adeep,profoundanddisturbingactbyfewagainstthemany,foratrivialpurpose.杰里反對電視中的廣告并不是因為電視廣告帶來的利潤太少。而是他認(rèn)為對于以利益為導(dǎo)向的價值觀的灌輸是少數(shù)人對于公眾的不負(fù)責(zé)任的行為。

3.推斷題。第二段：...itcramspeople’sheadswithimageswhichalterthewaytheyfeelandbehave（電視使人們的腦子里充斥著大量的畫面和形象）。故選B項(意識受到電視畫面的影響)。

4.推斷題。第三段指出:Perceptionisdulledandflattened,...whenyoucan’tfeelandsmellandtotallyexperienceanevent.Peoplearejustsittingpassivelyforuptofourhoursanightwatchingascreenandlisteningtoartificialsound(感覺會變得遲鈍，人也變得沒精打彩，也就不能感受與體會到整個事件的過程。這樣人們就只能被動的一個晚上坐在那達(dá)四個小時，看著電視屏幕，聽著人工的聲音),因此選C項(人會變得很被動)。

5.推斷題。最后一段指出：...prolongedexposuretoartificiallightaltershumancells,whichiswhyitisbeingusedforcertainmedicaltreatment(長期暴露在人造光下會改變?nèi)梭w細(xì)胞，這就是為什么它被用于某種醫(yī)學(xué)治療的原因),不難看出長時間暴露在電視人工的光線也有可能威脅人們的健康。

5.翻譯題

“培根-OfStudy(論讀書)”Studiesservefordelight,forornament,andforability.Theirchiefusefordelightisinprivateersandretiring;forornament,isindiscourse;andforability,isinthejudgmentanddispositionofbusiness.Somebooksaretobetasted,otherstobeswallowed,andsomefewtobechewedanddigested;thatis,somebookaretobereadonlyinparts;otherstoberead,butnotcuriously;andsomefewtobereadwholly,andwithdiligenceandattention.

Readingmakesafullman;conferenceareadyman;andwritinganexactman.Andtherefore,ifamanwritelittle,hehadneedhaveagreatmemory;ifheconferlittle,hehadneedhaveapresentwit;andifhereadlittle,hehadneedhavemuchcunning,toseemtoknowthathedothnot.Historiesmakemenwise;petswitty;themathematicssubtle;naturalphilosophydeep;moralgrave;logicandrhetoricabletocontend.

【答案】選自培根《論讀書》，王佐良先生譯

讀書足以怡情，足以博彩，足以長才。其怡情也，最見于獨(dú)處幽居之時；其博彩也，最見于高談闊論之中；其長才也，最見于處世判事之際。書有可淺嘗者，有可吞食者，少數(shù)則須咀嚼消化。換言之，有只須讀其部分者，有只須大體涉獵者，少數(shù)則須全讀，讀時須全神貫注，孜孜不倦。

讀書使人充實(shí)，討論使人機(jī)智，筆記使人準(zhǔn)確。因此不常作筆記者須記憶特強(qiáng)，不常討論者須天生聰穎，不常讀書者須欺世有術(shù)，始能無知而顯有知。讀史使人明智，讀詩使人靈秀，數(shù)學(xué)使人周密，科學(xué)使人深刻，倫理學(xué)使人莊重，邏輯修辭之學(xué)使人善辯。

6.翻譯題

國際間的禮品贈予已經(jīng)成了文化的危險區(qū)域。各種文化中的禁忌都有所不同。要贈送他人得當(dāng)?shù)亩Y品就必須了解對方的文化。

在某些文化中，適時贈予符合時尚的合適的禮品，不僅會增進(jìn)個人之間的關(guān)系，也能提高公司和個人的形象。合適的禮品可以表達(dá)對他人的尊重，同樣也表現(xiàn)出公司和個人的形象，以及實(shí)現(xiàn)全球化的技能和實(shí)力。在人際關(guān)系十分重要的文化中，禮品反映公司的形象和意圖。同時，潛在的合作伙伴可以進(jìn)一步領(lǐng)會你以及你公司的想法和未來可能采取的行動。然而，贈予禮品的主要目的是，向接受者表示敬意，讓他們感到愉快。如果把這一點(diǎn)牢記在心，你就不可能贈送他人不合適的禮品。你的禮品就更不可能會侮辱對方。

國際間禮品贈予的基本經(jīng)驗是：你贈送的禮品最好是本國生產(chǎn)的。要特別細(xì)心，弄清禮品的生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)地，以避免對接受禮品的人造成任何無禮的后果。

【答案】Internationalgift-givinghasbecomeadangerouszoneofculture,andeachculturehasitsowntaboos.Togivepropergiftstoothers,onemustunderstandthecultureofthereceivers.

Insomecultures,givingtheappropriateandfashionablegifttimely,notonlyadvancespersonalrelationships,butcanenhancetheimageofthecompanyandtheindividual.Therightgiftcanshowrespectforothers,andindicatetheimageofacompanyoranindividual,aswellastheskillsandstrengthtoachieveglobalization.Inaculturewhererelationshipsareimportant,giftsreflectacompany’simageandintentions.Atthesametime,potentialpartnerscangaininsightintowhatyouandyourcompanyarethinkingandwhatyoumightdointhefuture.However,themainpurposeofgift-givingistoshowyourhonortotherecipientsandmakethemfeelhappy.Ifyoukeepthisinmind,itwillbeimpossibleforyoutogiveothersinappropriategifts,letaloneinsultinggifts.

Thebasicexperienceininternationalgift-givingis:yourgifthadbettertobemanufacturedinyourhomecountry.Takespecialcaretomakesurewherethegiftwasmadesoasnottocauseanyrudenesstotherecipient.

7.單選題

"DidHannasayanythingaboutmeinherletter?”

“Onlythatshe'dappreciate（）fromyou?

問題1選項

A.tohear

B.hearing

C.tohearing

D.tohaveheard

【答案】B

【解析】句意:“Hana在信中有提及我嗎？”

“只說她很感謝收到你的信嗎？”

考查固定搭配。appreciatedoingsth.感謝（某人）做某事。

8.單選題

Youarelikelytogetapromotionbecauseoftheprofitable()youmadeforthecompanylastmonth.

問題1選項

A.transition

B.transfusion

C.transfer

D.transaction

【答案】D

【解析】transition過渡，轉(zhuǎn)變；transfusion輸血，輸液；transfer轉(zhuǎn)移，轉(zhuǎn)讓；transaction交易。句意：你有可能得到提升，因為你上個月為公司做了一筆賺錢的交易。選項D符合句意。

9.單選題

Childrenaregettingsofattheymaybethefirstgenerationtodiebeforetheirparents,anexpertclaimedyesterday.

Today’syoungstersarealreadyfallingpreytopotentialkillerssuchasdiabetesbecauseoftheirweight.Fattyfast-fooddietscombinedwithsedentarylifestylesdominatedbytelevisionsandcomputerscouldmeankidswilldietragicallyyoung,saysProfessorAndrewPrentice,fromLondonSchoolofHygieneandTropicalMedicine.

Atthesametime,theshapeofthehumanbodyisgoingthroughahugeevolutionaryshiftbecauseadultsaregettingsofat.HereinBritain,thelatestresearchshowsthattheaveragewaistsizeforamanis36-38inandmaybe42-44inby2032.Thiscompareswithonly32.6inin1972.Women’swaistshavegrownfromanaverageof22inin1920to24inintheFiftiesand30innow.Oneofthemajorreasonswhychildrennowareatgreaterriskisthatwearegettingfatteryounger.IntheUKalone,morethanonemillionunder-16sareclassedasoverweightorobese—doublethenumberinthemid-Eighties.Oneintenfour-year-oldsarealsomedicallyclassifiedasobese.Theobesitypandemic—anextensiveepidemic—whichstartedintheUS,hasnowspreadtoEurope,Australia,CentralAmericaandtheMiddleEast.

Manynationsnowrecordmorethan20percentoftheirpopulationasclinicallyobeseandwelloverhalfthepopulationasoverweight.ProfPrenticesaidthechangeinourshapehasbeencausedbyaglutofeasilyavailablehigh-energyfoodscombinedwithadramaticdrop,intheenergyweuseasaresultoftechnologydevelopments.

Heisnotaloneinhisconcern.Onlylastweekonemedicaljournalrevealedhowobesitywasfuelingariseincancercases.Obesityalsoincreasestheriskfactorforstrokesandheartdisease.Anaveragelyobeseperson’slifespanisshortenedbyaroundnineyearswhileaseverelyobesepersonbymanymore.

ProfPrenticesaid:“Sowillparentsoutlivetheirchildren,asclaimedrecentlybyanAmericanobesityspecialist?”Theanswerisyes-andno.Yes,whentheoffspringbecomegrosslyobese.ThisisnowbecominganalarminglycommonoccurrenceintheUS.Suchchildrenandadolescentshaveagreatlyreducedqualityoflifeinterms,ofboththeirphysicalandpsychosocialhealth.SosayNotothatdoughnutandburger.

9.Whatdoestheword“sedentary”(Para.2)mean?

10.WhichstatementisTRUE?

11.AccordingtoProfPrentice,whatarethereasonsforthechangeinourshape?

12.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“SosayNotothatdoughnutandburger”?

問題1選項

A.Sittingmostoftime.

B.Eatingtoomuch.

C.Studyingveryhard.

D.Thinkingpassively.

問題2選項

A.Theaveragewaistsizeforamanis36-38in.

B.Theaveragewaistsizeforawomanis30in.

C.Inthemid-Eighties,morethanhalfmillionunder-16sintheUKareclassedasoverweight.

D.TheobesitypandemichasnowspreadtoSouthAmerica.

問題3選項

A.Weeattoomuchandrefusetodophysicalexercises.

B.High-energyfoodsareeasytogetandtechnologydevelopsfast.

C.High-energyfoodsarethemaindietandweusetechnology.

D.High-energyfoodsareeasytogetandweconsumelessenergy.

問題4選項

A.Answeringthequestion“Sowillparentsoutlivetheirchildren?”

B.Thedoughnutandburgershouldbebanned.

C.Weshouldleadahealthylife.

D.Weshouldbegindieting.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

【解析】9.詞義推測題。定位在第二段Fattyfast-fooddietscombinedwithsedentarylifestylesdominatedbytelevisionsandcomputerscouldmeankidswilldietragicallyyoung,saysProfessorAndrewPrentice,fromLondonSchoolofHygieneandTropicalMedicine.（來自倫敦衛(wèi)生和熱帶醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)院的安德魯?普倫蒂斯教授說，高脂肪的快餐飲食加上以電視和電腦為主的……的生活方式可能意味著孩子會悲劇性地在年輕時死去。）降低體重的方式一是要控制飲食，二就是需要鍛煉運(yùn)動。而現(xiàn)在的人們吃著高脂肪的快餐做著以電視和電腦為主的工作，由此可知這樣的生活方式是宅的，缺乏運(yùn)動的。因此A選項“大部分時間坐著”正確，符合題意。B選項“吃得太多”，C選項“非常努力的學(xué)習(xí)”，D選項“消極地思考”，均與題意不符，可排除。故選A。

10.推理判斷題。定位到文章第三段IntheUKalone,morethanonemillionunder-16sareclassedasoverweightorobese—doublethenumberinthemid-Eighties.（僅僅在英國，就有100多萬16歲以下的兒童被歸為超重或者肥胖，比80年代中期多了一倍）可以了解到英國16歲以下兒童被歸于肥胖的人數(shù)大大地增加了。因此C選項“在80年代中期，超過50萬16歲以下的英國兒童被歸類為超重?！闭_，符合題意。A選項“男人的平均腰圍是36-38英寸”，B選項“女人的平均腰圍是30英寸”并未指出這只是存在于英國的現(xiàn)象，可排除。D選項“肥胖現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)蔓延到南美洲”，文中未提到南美洲是否也有肥胖問題，可排除。故選C。

11.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。定位到第四段ProfPrenticesaidthechangeinourshapehasbeencausedbyaglutofeasilyavailablehigh-energyfoodscombinedwithadramaticdrop,intheenergyweuseasaresultoftechnologydevelopments.（普倫蒂斯教授說，導(dǎo)致我們體形變化的原因是現(xiàn)代生活中高熱量食物隨處可見，隨手可得，而科技的發(fā)展使得人們每天消耗的熱量卻大大減少。），由此可知，在教授看來引起肥胖的原因與吃高熱量的食物和人們每天消耗的熱量減少有關(guān)。高熱量和低消耗才是主要原因。因此D選項“高能量的食物很容易得到，我們消耗的能量更少”正確，符合題意。A選項“我們吃得太多，拒絕做體育鍛煉”，B選項“高能量食物很容易獲得，科學(xué)技術(shù)發(fā)展很快”，C選項“高能量食物是主要的飲食而且我們使用科技”均與題意不符，可排除。故選D。

12.推理判斷題。最后一段先提出問題Sowillparentsoutlivetheirchildren,asclaimedrecentlybyanAmericanobesityspecialist?（所以孩子們的壽命，會像最近的美國肥胖的專家聲稱的那樣，比他們的父母還短嗎？）并且回答到答案不確定yes-andno（既是又不是），隨后說明是的情況whentheoffspringbecomegrosslyobese（當(dāng)后代變得非常肥胖時）。而最后一句SosayNotothatdoughnutandburger.（所以，就讓我們向甜甜圈和漢堡包說不。）這里不是回答開始的問題，而是呼吁人們要有健康的生活方式遠(yuǎn)離肥胖，不是要禁止油膩食物，也不是要人們一起減肥。因此C選項“我們應(yīng)該倡導(dǎo)健康的生活”正確，符合題意。A選項“回答父母會比孩子長壽嗎？這個問題”，B選項“應(yīng)該禁止甜甜圈和漢堡包”，D選項“我們應(yīng)該開始節(jié)食”均不符合題意，故選C。

10.單選題

ASurveyhasfoundthatthreequartersofmenquiteenjoytheirfoodshoppingexperienceandarehappyto______theirwayaroundtheaislessearchingoutproducts.

問題1選項

A.drive

B.steer

C.navigate

D.voyage

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析與搭配。drive“推動；駕駛；驅(qū)趕”；steer“控制；引導(dǎo)；駕駛”；navigate“操縱；導(dǎo)航；航行”；voyage“航行；渡過”。四個選項雖都與駕駛、航行有關(guān)，但其中只有navigate可與one’swayaround搭配。句意：一項調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，四分之三的男性非常享受他們的食品購物體驗，他們很樂意推車購物車來回尋找商品。因此C選項符合題意。

11.單選題

Morethanadecadeago,cognitivescientistsJohnBransfordandDanielSchwartz,boththenatVanderbiltUniversity,foundthatwhatdistinguishedyoungadultsfromchildrenwasnottheabilitytoretainfactsorapplypriorknowledgetoanewsituationbutaqualitytheycalledpreparationforfuturelearning.Theresearchersaskedfifthgradersandcollegestudentstocreatearecoveryplantoprotectbaldeaglesfromextinction.Shockingly,thetwogroupscameupwithplansofsimilarquality(althoughthecollegestudentshadbetterspellingskills).Fromthestandpointofatraditionaleducator,thisoutcomeindicatedthatschoolinghadfailedtohelpstudentsthinkaboutecosystemandextinction,majorscientificideas.

Theresearchersdecidedtogodeeper,however.Theyaskedbothgroupstogeneratequestionsaboutimportantissuesneededtocreaterecoveryplans.Onthistask,theyfoundeaglesandtheirhabitats.Fifthgraderstendedtofocusonfeaturesofindividualeagles(“Howbigarethey?''and'"Whatdotheyeat?’’).Thecollegestudentshadcultivatedtheabilitytoaskquestions,thecornerstoneofcriticalthinking.Theyhadlearnedhowtolearn.

Museumsandotherinstitutionsofinformallearningmaybebettersuitedtoteachthisskillthanelementaryandsecondaryschools.AttheExploratoriuminSanFrancisco,werecentlystudiedlearningtoaskgoodquestionscanaffectthequalityofpeople’sscientificinquiry.Wefoundthatwetaughtparticipantstoask“Whatif?”and“Howcan?’’questionsthatnobodypresentwouldknowtheanswertoandthatwouldsparkexploration,theyengagedinbetterinquiryatthenextexhibit—askingmorequestions,performingmoreexperimentsandmakingbetterinterpretationsoftheirresults.Specifically,theirquestionsbecamemorecomprehensiveatthenewexhibit.Ratherthanmerelyaskingaboutsomethingtheywantedtotry,theytendedtoincludebothcauseandeffectintheirquestion.Askingjuicyquestionsappearstobeatransferableskillfordeepeningcollaborativeinquiryintothesciencecontentfoundinexhibits.

Thistypeoflearningisnotconfinedtomuseumsorinstitutionalsettings.Informallearningenvironmentstoleratefailurebetterthanschools.Perhapsmanyteachershavetoolittletimetoallowstudentstoformandpursuetheirownquestionsandtoomuchgroundtocoverinthecurriculum.Butpeoplemustacquirethisskillsomewhere.Oursocietydependsonthembeingabletomakecriticaldecisionsabouttheirownmedicaltreatment,say,orwhatwemustdoaboutglobalenergyneedsanddemands.Forthat,wehavearobustinformallearningsystemthatgivesnogrades,takesallcomers,andisavailableevenonholidaysandweekends.

1.Whatistraditionaleducators’interpretationoftheresearchoutcomementionedinthefirstparagraph?

2.Inwhatwayarecollegestudentsdifferentfromchildren?

3.Whatisthebenefitofaskingquestionswithnoreadyanswers?

4.Whatissaidtobetheadvantageofinformallearning?

5.Whatdoestheauthorseemtoencourageeducatorstodoattheendofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Studentsarenotabletoapplypriorknowledgetonewproblems

B.Collegestudentsarenobetterthanfifthgradersinmemorizingfacts.

C.Educationhasnotpaidenoughattentiontomajorenvironmentissues

D.Educationhasfailedtoleadstudentstothinkaboutmajorscientificideas

問題2選項

A.Theyhavelearnedtothinkcritically.

B.Theyareconcernedaboutsocialissues.

C.Theyarecuriousaboutspecificfeatures

D.Theyhavelearnedtoworkindependently

問題3選項

A.Itarousesstudents'interestinthingsaroundthem

B.Itcultivatesstudents'abilitytomakescientificinquiries

C.Ittrainsstudents'abilitytodesignscientificexperiments

D.Ithelpsstudentsrealizenoteveryquestionhasananswer

問題4選項

A.Itallowsforfailures

B.Itchargesnotuition

C.Itisentertaining

D.Itmeetspracticalneeds

問題5選項

A.Trainstudentstothinkaboutglobalissues

B.Designmoreinteractiveclassroomactivities

C.Makefulluseofinformallearningresources

D.Includecollaborativeinquiryinthecurriculum.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“traditionaleducator”定位到第一段最后一句“Fromthestandpointofatraditionaleducator,thisoutcomeindicatedthatschoolinghadfailedtohelpstudentsthinkaboutecosystemandextinction,majorscientificideas.”從傳統(tǒng)教育家的立場來看，這一結(jié)果表明，學(xué)校教育未能幫助學(xué)生思考生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和滅絕，這是主要的科學(xué)思想。也就是說，教育未能引導(dǎo)學(xué)生思考主要的科學(xué)思想。選項D符合原文。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“JohnBransford和DanielSchwartz發(fā)現(xiàn)，區(qū)分年輕人和兒童的不在于他們是否能夠記住事實(shí)或?qū)⒅暗闹R應(yīng)用到新環(huán)境中，而在于他們稱之為為未來學(xué)習(xí)做準(zhǔn)備的素質(zhì)?！痹俑鶕?jù)第二段最后一句“