考研考博-英語-安徽工業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安徽工業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Ihopeyou（）allthematerialbeforeyoumakethefinaldecision.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.willhaveread

B.willberead

C.willbereading

D.wouldhaveread

【答案】A

【解析】考查將來完成時(shí)態(tài)。由題意可知，本題考查的是將來完成時(shí)態(tài)，而選項(xiàng)B為將來一般時(shí)態(tài)，選項(xiàng)C為將來進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，選項(xiàng)D為過去將來完成時(shí)態(tài)，所以本題的正確選項(xiàng)為選項(xiàng)A。句意：我希望你做最后決定之前就已經(jīng)閱讀過所有資料。

2.單選題

Shewasdeliriouslastnight,butsheseemsquitelucidthismorning.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rational

B.peaceful

C.patient

D.insane

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：她昨天晚上神志不清，但是今天早上看起來十分……。rational“理智的；清醒的”；peaceful“安靜的，平靜的”；patient“有耐心的”；insane“精神失常的”。根據(jù)“but”這個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折連詞可知后半句與前半句的意思是相反的，所以劃線單詞lucid的意思是“清醒的”，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.單選題

Hewillbeconsideredtohavenothinglessthanfullacquaintancewiththenatureofthethingandtoshareintheknowledgeofit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.limitationt

B.remarkt

C.ownershipt

D.understanding

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。acquaintance表示“了解，相識(shí)”；A項(xiàng)limitation“限制”，B項(xiàng)remark“注意，言辭”，C項(xiàng)ownership“所有權(quán)，物主身份”，D項(xiàng)understanding“理解”。句意：他將被認(rèn)為完全了解事物的性質(zhì)，并分享對它的知識(shí)。根據(jù)句意可知，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Imaginewakingupandfindingthevalueofyourassetshasbeenhalved.No,you’renotaninvestorinoneofthosehedgefundsthatfailedcompletely.Withthedollarslumpingtoa26-yearlowagainstthepound,alreadyexpensiveLondonhasbecomequiteunaffordable.AcoffeeatStarbucks,justasunavoidableinEnglandasitisintheUnitedStates,runsabout$8.

Theonceall-powerfuldollarisn’tdoingaTitanicagainstjustthepound.Itissittingatarecordlowagainsttheeuroandata30-yearlowagainsttheCanadiandollar.EventheArgentinepesoandBrazilianrealarethrivingagainstthedollar.

Theweakdollarisasourceofhumiliation,foranation’sself-esteemrestsinpartonthestrengthofitscurrency.It’salsoapotentialeconomicproblem,sinceadecliningdollarmakesimportedfoodmoreexpensiveandexertsupwardpressureoninterestrates.AndyettherearesubstantialsectorsofthevastU.S.economy—fromgiantcompanieslikeCoca-Colatomom-and-poprestaurantoperatorsinMiami—forwhichtheweakdollarismostexcellentnews.

ManyEuropeansmayviewtheU.S.asanarrogantsuperpowerthathasbecomehostiletoforeigners.ButnothingmakespeoplethinkmorewarmlyoftheU.S.thanaweakdollar.ThroughApril,thetotalnumberofvisitorsfromabroadwasup6.8percentfromlastyear.Shouldthetrendcontinue,thenumberoftouriststhisyearwillfinallytopthe2000peak.ManyEuropeansnowapparentlyviewtheU.S.thewaymanyAmericansviewMexico—asacheapplacetovacation,shopandparty,allwhileignoringthefactthatthepoorerlocalscattyaffordtojointhemerrymaking.

Themoneytouristsspendhelpsdecreaseourchronictradedeficit*Sodoexports,which,thanksinparttotheweakdollar,soared11percentbetweenMay2006andMay2007.Forthe

firstfivemonthsof2007，thetradedeficitactuallyfell7percentfrom2006.

IfyouownsharesinlargeAmericancorporations,you’reawinnerintheweak-dollargamble.LastweekCoca-Cola’sstockbubbledtoafive-yearhighafteritreportedafantasticquarter.Foreignsalesaccountedfor65percentofCoke’sbeveragebusiness.OtherAmericancompaniesprofitingfromthistrendincludeMcDonald’sandIBM.

Americantourists,however,shouldn'texpectanyreliefsoon.Thedollarloststrengththewaymanymarriagesbreakup—slowly,andthenallatonce.Andcurrenciesdon’tturnonadime.Soifyouwanttoavoidthepaininflictedbytheincreasinglypatheticdollar,cancelthatsummervacationtoEnglandandlooktoNewEngland.There,thedollarisstilltreatedwithalittlerespect.

1.WhydoAmericansfeelhumiliated?

2.HowdoesthecurrentdollaraffectthelifeofordinaryAmericans?

3.HowdomanyEuropeansfeelabouttheU.S.withthedevalueddollar?

4.Whatistheauthor’sadvicetoAmericans?

5.Whatdoestheauthorimplybysaying"currenciesdon’tturnonadime”(Line2,Pare.7)?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theireconomyisplunging.

B.Theircurrencyhasslumped.

C.Theycan’taffordtripstoEurope.

D.Theyhavelosthalfoftheirassets.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.TheyhavetocanceltheirvacationsinNewEngland.

B.Theyfinditunaffordabletodineinmom-and-poprestaurants.

C.Theyhavetospendmoremoneywhenbuyingimportedgoods.

D.Theymightlosetheirjobsduetopotentialeconomicproblems.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theyfeelcontemptuousofit.

B.Theyaresympatheticwithit.

C.Theyregarditasasuperpoweronthedecline.

D.Theythinkofitasagoodtouristdestination.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theytreatthedollarwithalittlerespect.

B.Theytrytowinintheweak-dollargamble.

C.Theyvacationathomeratherthanabroad.

D.Theytreasuretheirmarriagesallthemore.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thedollar’svaluewillnotincreaseintheshortterm.

B.Thevalueofadollarwillnotbereducedtoadime.

C.Thedollar’svaluewilldrop,butwithinasmallmargin.

D.FewAmericanswillchangedollarsintoothercurrencies.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞humiliated定位至第三段:Theweakdollarisasourceofhumiliation,foranation'sself-esteemrestsinpartonthestrengthofitscurrency(美元貶值是一種恥辱之源，因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)國家的自尊在一定程度上取決于其貨幣的實(shí)力)。故選B(貨幣貶值)。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第三段指出:It'salsoapotentialeconomicproblem,sinceadecliningdollarmakesimportedfoodmoreexpensiveandexertsupwardpressureoninterestrates(由于美元日益貶值，使得進(jìn)口商品的價(jià)格上漲，對利率的壓力也不斷增大),故選C(當(dāng)購買進(jìn)口商品時(shí)，需要支付更多費(fèi)用)。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位至第四段:ManyEuropeansnowapparentlyviewtheU.S.thewaymanyAmericansviewMexico—asacheapplacetovacation,shopandparty(現(xiàn)在，許多歐洲人眼中的美國顯然就像美國人心中的墨西哥一樣個(gè)價(jià)格低的旅游、購物和聚會(huì)的好去處)。故選D(他們認(rèn)為美國是一個(gè)好的旅游目的地)。

4.判斷推理題。文章最后一段指出:Soifyouwanttoavoidthepaininflictedbytheincreasinglypatheticdollar,cancelthatsummervacationtoEnglandandlooktoNewEngland.There,thedollarisstilltreatedwithalittlerespect(所以，如果你打算避免因?yàn)槊涝掷m(xù)貶值而帶來的傷痛，那么取消今年暑假的英國之旅，轉(zhuǎn)而前往新英格蘭州吧。在那里，美元還能保留一絲尊嚴(yán))。新英格蘭州屬于美國,故選C(他們在國內(nèi)度假，而非國外)。

5.語義題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞"currenciesdon’tturnonadime”定位至最后一段,其前一句為:Thedollarloststrengththewaymanymarriagesbreakup—slowly,andthenallatonce(美元疲軟就像許多婚姻走向破裂的過程一樣先是慢慢的，然后突然爆發(fā))。"turnonadime"本意為“短時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生急劇轉(zhuǎn)變”,故選A(美元短時(shí)間內(nèi)不會(huì)升值)。

5.單選題

Veryfewscientists（

）completelynewanswerstotheworld’sproblems.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.comeupwith

B.comeout

C.comeround

D.comeupto

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。comeupwith“提出，想出”；comeout“出版”；comeround“蘇醒；順道拜訪”；comeupto“到達(dá)，等于”。句意：很少有科學(xué)家對世界性的問題提出新的回答。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

6.單選題

Manyadultsmaythinktheyaregettingenoughshut-eye,butinamajorsleepstudyalmost80percentofrespondentsadmittedtonotgettingtheirprescribedamountofnightlyrest.So,whatexactlyistherightamountofsleep?Researchshowsthatadultsneedanaverageofseventoninehoursofsleepanightforoptimalfunctionality.Readontoseejusthowmuchofanimpactmoderatesleepdeprivationcanhaveonyourmindandbody.

Bygettinglessthansixhoursofsleepanight,youcouldbeputtingyourselfatriskofhighbloodpressure.Whenyousleep,yourheartgetsabreakandisabletoslowdownforasignificantperiodoftime.Butcuttingbackonsleepmeansyourhearthastoworkovertimewithoutitsallottedbreak.Inconstantlydoingso,yourbodymustaccommodatetoitsnewconditionsandelevateyouroveralldailybloodpressure.Andtheheartisn’ttheonlyorganthatisovertaxedbyalackofsleeps.Thelesssleepyouget,thelesstimethebrainhastoregulatestresshormones,andovertime,sleepdeprivationcouldpermanentlyhinderthebrain’sabilitytoregulatethesehormones,leadingtoelevatedbloodpressure.

Weallhangaroundinbedduringourboutsofillness.Butdidyouknowthatskippingoutonthebedrestcanincreaseyourriskofgettingsick?Prolongedsleepdeprivationhaslongbeenassociatedwithdiminishedimmunefunctions,butresearchershavealsofoundadirectcorrelationbetween“modest”sleepdeprivation—lessthansixhours—andreducedimmuneresponse.Sotrytotoughenupyourimmunesystembygettingatleastsevenhoursofsleepanight,andmaintainingahealthydiet.You’llbegladyougotthatextrahourofsleepthenexttimethatbugcomesaroundandleaveseveryoneelsebedriddenwithafeverforthreedays.

DuringdeepREMsleep,yourmuscles(exceptthoseintheeyes)areessentiallyimmobilizedinordertokeepyoufromactingoutonyourdreams.Unfortunately,thiseffortyourbodymakestokeepyousafewhiledreamingcansometimesbackfire,resultinginsleepparalysis.SleepparalysisoccurswhenthebrainisarousedfromitsREMcycle,butthebodyremainsinitsimmobilizingstate.Thiscanbequiteafrighteningsensationbecause,whileyourmindisslowlyregainingconsciousness,ithasnocontroloveryourbody,leavingsomewithafeelingofpowerlessness,fearandpanic.Mostpeopleexperiencethiseeriephenomenaatleastonceintheirlives,butthosewhoaresleepdeprivedaremorelikelytohavepanickedepisodesofsleepparalysisthatareusuallyaccompaniedbyhallucinations,aswell.Forasecond,imagineallofyourmemoriesareerased;everybirthday,summervacation,evenwhatyoudidyesterdayafternooniscompletelylost,becauseyouhavenorecollectionofthem.It’sachillingthought,butthatiswhatalifewithoutsleepwouldbelike.Sleepisessentialtothecognitivefunctionsofthebrain,andwithoutit,ourabilitytoconsolidatememories,learndailytasks,andmakedecisionsisimpairedbyalargedegree.ResearchhasrevealedthatREMsleep,ordream-sleep,helpssolidifythe“fragile”memoriesthebraincreatesthroughoutthedaytothattheycanbeeasilyorganizedandstoredinthemind’slong-termcache.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthemeaningof“sleepdeprivation”？

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtoParagraph3?

3.Whyistheretheso-called“sleepparalysis”？

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothelastparagraph?

5.Whateffectsofsleepdeprivationonhumanmindandbodyarediscussedinthispassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Tosleepforanaverageperiodoftime.

B.Tosleepdeeplywithoutdreaming.

C.Tosleeplessthanneeded.

D.Tosleepmodestly.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Wheneveryoneelsegetsafever,thosewithsleepdeprivationwillbeabeletosleeplonger.

B.Wheneveryoneelsegetsafever,thosewhousuallyhaveadequatesleepwillbealright.

C.Onlymodestsleepdeprivationcouldweakentheimmunesystem,

D.Prolongedsleepdeprivationwillnothaveimpactontheimmunesystem.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itoccurswhenyouareunabletowakeupfromdreamswhileyouaresleeping.

B.Itoccurswhenyoubrainimmobilizesyourbodyinordertokeepyoufromdreaming.

C.BecauseyouareusuallytoofrightenedtomoveyourbodywhenwakingupfromdeepREMsleep.

D.Becauseyourbody,immobilizedwhendreaming,maystillbeunabletomoveevenwhenyourbrainiswakingup.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Memoriesarepartofthecognitivefunctionofthebrain.

B.Memoriescreatedduringthedaytimeareusuallyfragileandimpaired.

C.Youarelikelytoloseyourmemoriesofyesterdayafteranight’ssleep.

D.Long-termmemorycannotbeformedwithoutdream-sleep.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Highbloodpressure,atoughenedimmunesystem,sleepparalysis,andmemoryloss.

B.Bloodpressure,immunesystem,sleepparalysis,andlong-termmemory.

C.Bloodpressure,immunesystem,thebrainandthebody,andmemory.

D.Highbloodpressure,aweakenedimmunesystem,sleepparalysis,andmemoryloss.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.語義題。題干：根據(jù)本文，“睡眠不足”指的是什么？文章第三段中“Prolongedsleepdeprivationhaslongbeenassociatedwithdiminishedimmunefunctions,butresearchershavealsofoundadirectcorrelationbetween“modest”sleepdeprivation—lessthansixhours—andreducedimmuneresponse”說明“modest”sleepdeprivation指的是少于6小時(shí)的睡眠，而成人需要7-9小時(shí)的睡眠。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。題干：根據(jù)第3段，下列哪個(gè)陳述是正確的？第三段最后一句“You’llbegladyougotthatextrahourofsleepthenexttimethatbugcomesaroundandleaveseveryoneelsebedriddenwithafeverforthreedays”，別人生病后就會(huì)意識(shí)到多睡一小時(shí)的好處，對應(yīng)B選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容。

3.細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：為什么會(huì)有所謂的“睡眠癱瘓癥”?第四段第三句中提到了“SleepparalysisoccurswhenthebrainisarousedfromitsREMcycle,butthebodyremainsinitsimmobilizingstate”，可知“睡眠癱瘓癥”發(fā)生在大腦從快速眼動(dòng)周期喚醒時(shí)，身體仍保持不動(dòng)狀態(tài)，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：根據(jù)最后一段，下列哪個(gè)陳述是正確的？最后一段最后一句提到“REMsleep,ordream-sleep,helpssolidifythe“fragile”memoriesthebraincreatesthroughouttheday…”表明大腦一天產(chǎn)生的記憶是脆弱的，需要睡眠幫忙鞏固記憶。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：睡眠不足對人的身心有什么影響？第二段提到“elevatedbloodpressure”；第三段提到“reducedimmunesystem”;第四段提到“sleepparalysis”；最后一段提到“memoryloss”，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.單選題

Fearofpirate（

）ledtheFrenchtofortifytheircoastline.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.excursions

B.incursions

C.transmigrations

D.transmogrifications

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。excursion“偏移；遠(yuǎn)足”；incursion“入侵；侵犯”；transmigration“輪回；移居”；transmogrification“變形”。句意：對海盜襲擊的擔(dān)心使得法國加固了他們的海岸線。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

8.單選題

WecanrelyonWilliamtocarryoutthismission,forhisjudgmentisalways（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inexplicable

B.healthy

C.sound

D.straight

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。inexplicable“費(fèi)解的,無法說明的”;healthy“健康的,健全的”;sound“合理的,可靠的”;straight“筆直的,正直的”。句意:我們可以依靠William去執(zhí)行這次任務(wù),因?yàn)樗呐袛嘁恢倍己芸煽?。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

9.單選題

Headdeda（）tohisletterbysayingthathewouldarrivebefore8pm.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.presidency

B.prestige

C.postscript

D.preliminary

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)presidency“總統(tǒng)（或董事長、會(huì)長、大學(xué)校長等）的職位（任期）”；B選項(xiàng)prestige“威望，聲望”；C選項(xiàng)postscript“附言；又及”；D選項(xiàng)preliminary“初步的，開始的，預(yù)備的”。句意：他在信上加了（），說他將在晚上8點(diǎn)前到達(dá)。這里表達(dá)的意思是“他在附言里說……”，因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.單選題

Thechildren’shystericalcrying（）thewomandoctorfromcompletingtheexamination.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.forbade

B.refrained

C.hindered

D.restricted

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)forbid“禁止；不允許”；B選項(xiàng)refrain“克制；避免；制止”；C選項(xiàng)hinder“阻止；打擾”；D選項(xiàng)restrict“限制；約束”。句意：這些孩子們歇斯底里的哭泣阻止這位女醫(yī)生完成這個(gè)檢查。結(jié)合句意判斷出選項(xiàng)C正確。

11.翻譯題

BritishpreviouscolonialpoliciesledtothespreadofEnglishacrosstheworld.ThiswideuseofEnglishhasbeenreinforcedbythesweepinginfluenceoftheU.S.However,thedominanceofEnglishasaninternationallanguageisconsideredbothablessingandacurse.Foronething,ithasacceleratedtheextinctionofsomelanguages.Peoplehavebeenwonderingaboutthepossibilityofcreatingagloballanguagewhichmightholdpromisesforanendtolanguage-causedtroublesandconflicts.Unfortunately,attemptstoharmonizeworldlanguageshavemetwithlittlesuccessasaresultofthereluctanceofnativespeakersofaparticularlanguagetoadoptanotherlanguageastheirmothertongue.Todiscardone’snativelanguageistohavethedistinctfeaturesofhisnationerased.

【答案】答：

英國以前的殖民政策導(dǎo)致了英語在世界各地的傳播。美國的廣泛影響又進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)了英語的廣泛使用。然而，英語作為國際語言的主導(dǎo)地位既是好事，也是壞事。一方面，它加速了一些語言的滅絕。人們一直在想是否有可能創(chuàng)造一種全球語言，從而有望結(jié)束那些語言引起的麻煩和沖突。不幸的是，因?yàn)槟骋徽Z言的本族語者不愿意把另一種語言當(dāng)作自己的母語，世界語言一致的嘗試收效甚微。拋棄自己的母語，就等于是抹掉自己民族的特色。

12.單選題

Thatpartofthecityhaslongbeen______foritsstreetviolence.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.notorious

B.responsible

C.historical

D.illegal

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)notorious“聲名狼藉的，臭名昭著的”；B選項(xiàng)responsible“負(fù)責(zé)的，可靠的；有責(zé)任的”；C選項(xiàng)historical“歷史的；史學(xué)的；基于史實(shí)的”；D選項(xiàng)illegal“非法的；違法的；違反規(guī)則的”。句意：該市的那個(gè)地區(qū)長期以來因街頭暴力而臭名昭著。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Itispossiblethatnature,likesomemastermusician,（）onoccasion,departingfromtheexpectedorpredictable.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.repeats

B.improvises

C.ornaments

D.harmonizes

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)repeat“重復(fù)”；B選項(xiàng)improvise“即興創(chuàng)作”；C選項(xiàng)ornament“裝飾，修飾”；D選項(xiàng)harmonize“協(xié)調(diào)，使和諧”。句意：有可能，大自然就像一些音樂大師，有時(shí)會(huì)即興發(fā)揮，偏離預(yù)期或預(yù)測。結(jié)合上下文可知，選項(xiàng)B符合語境。

14.單選題

ItwaswithgreatdelightthatIreadinyourFebruary（）thelettertotheeditorwrittenbyProf.Johnson.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.issue

B.printing

C.magazine

D.copy

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A:issue“（報(bào)刊或雜志）期刊”；B:printing“印刷;印刷術(shù)”；C:magazine“雜志”；D:copy“一份；復(fù)制品”。句意：非常高興拜讀了貴刊二月的一期中所登載有關(guān)約翰遜教授致編輯的信。結(jié)合此處語義，A為正確答案。

15.單選題

Asenseofsmellissomethingwearebornwith.Orisit?

Untilrecentlyscientistsbelievedthatthecommonsenseviewwaswrong:researchhadsuggestedthatwelearntodistinguishbetweenpleasantandunpleasantsmellsbyexperience.Fromearlyexperimentsthatinvolvedaskingchildrenbetweenthreeandfiveyearsoldwhattheythoughtofcertainsmells,researchersconcludedthatchildrenmustlearntheirappreciationofpleasantandunpleasantsmellsastheygetolder,ratherthanbeingbornwithit.Oneofthemostsurprisingresultsofthesetestswasthatthechildrensaidtheylikedthesmelloffaecesnearlyasoftenastheysaidtheylikedbanana.

PsychologistHilarySchmidtunderstandablyfoundthisresearchhardtoaccept.Shelookedatthewaythetestswereconducted,andappliedlessonsfromotherworkonchildpsychologytodesignherownexperiments.Shenotedthatchildrenyoungerthanfivewilloftenanswer‘Yes’toleadingquestionseveniftheanswersarecontradictory.Shethereforedecidedtosetherexperimentupasagame.SheaskedthechildreniftheywouldgiveaparticularsmellythingtoOscartheGrouch,apopulartelevisioncharacterwholivesinadustbinandlikes‘smelly’things,ortoBigBird,anothertelevisioncharacterwholikes‘nice’things.Shefoundthatthechildrendistinguishedbetweenpleasantandunpleasantsmellsinmuchthesamewayasanadult.Withthehelpofyoungerandyoungersubjects,shehopestoshedlightontheimportanceoftheinheritedcomponentofthesense.

Childrenyoungerthansevenoreightarenotoriouslybadatrecognizingwhatanobjectisfromitsshapealone.Schmidtpointstoanexperimentshehascarriedoutwithchildrenunderfivewhoweregivenalargestyrofoamballandasmall,butheavy,leadballtocompare.Aftertheyhadachancetofeelthetwo,shetooktheballsaway,andshowedthemanotherpairofStyrofoamandleadball.Whensheaskedthemwhichofthetwowouldbetheheavier,theyinvariablypointedtotheStyrofoamballjustbecauseitwasbigger.Despitetheirearlierexperience,theyhadnotgraspedtheideaofwhatanobjectismadeof—itssubstance—aswellassizeandshape.Butinotherexperimentswhensheintroducedodors,shefoundthatchildrenunderfiveunderstoodthatsmellwasanimportantcharacteristicofsubstance,andchildrencoulduseascenttorecognizesubstanceirrespectiveoftheshapeorsizeinwhichitwaspresentedtothem.

Schmidthasalsofoundthatgirlsaremoresensitivetosmellthanboys.Thesexdifferenceiswellknowninadults,butnotinchildren.Explainingthedifferenceinadultshascenteredonthesuggestionthatasgirlsgetolder,theytendtotakepartinactivitiessuchascooking,whichtrainthemtodistinguishbetweensmells.Anothersuggestionwasthatafterpuberty,femalehormonesbringaboutsomechangeintheolfactoryequipment.ButSchmidt’sobservationsthatthesexdifferenceexistsinchildrendoesnotfitinwitheitherexplanation.

31.Accordingtothetext,itiswell-knownthatoursenseofsmellis______.

32.WhichwouldHilarySchmidtmostprobablyagreeto?

33.Schmidt’sstyrofoamandleadballexperimentshowsthatyoungerchildren______.

34.Theword“subjects”(Para.3)mostprobablymeans______.

35.Fromthelastsentenceofthetext,wecaninferthatSchmidtmay______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.acquired

B.trained

C.inherent

D.tested

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thecontradictoryanswersofchildrenarehardtounderstand.

B.Childreninagamehaveaquickerresponsetopromptingquestions.

C.Youngerchildrenhaveastrongersenseofsmellthanolderones.

D.Inexperimentschildren’sanswersmaysometimesbeunreliable.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.relyonearlierexperiencesinjudginganobject

B.areinsensitivetosize,weightandshape

C.cannotrecognizethesizeofstyrofoamballs

D.canunderstandwhattheballismadeof

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.pupils

B.adults

C.children

D.researchers

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.overthrowtheexistingtheoriesconcerningthesexdifferenceinsmelling

B.supportthesecondexplanationthathormonesplayarole

C.thinkthatmaturegirlsarelesssensitivetosmellsthanchildren

D.agreethatchildren’ssensitivitytosmellisnurtured

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】31.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

31.Accordingtothetext,itiswell-knownthatoursenseofsmellis______.31.根據(jù)文章，眾所周知，我們的嗅覺是______。

A.acquiredA.后天習(xí)得的

B.trainedB.訓(xùn)練出來的

C.inherentC.與生俱來的

D.testedD.被測試的

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段第一句“研究表明，我們通過經(jīng)驗(yàn)（byexperience）學(xué)會(huì)區(qū)分令人愉悅的和令人不快的氣味”，從中我們可知，嗅覺是后天通過經(jīng)驗(yàn)獲得的。所以，A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)沒有提到，屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)與文章相反，屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)只是實(shí)驗(yàn)內(nèi)容，屬于出處錯(cuò)位。

32.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

32.WhichwouldHilarySchmidtmostprobablyagreeto?32.希拉里?施密特最有可能同意哪一個(gè)？

A.Thecontradictoryanswersofchildrenarehardtounderstand.A.孩子們相互矛盾的回答讓人難以理解。

B.Childreninagamehaveaquickerresponsetopromptingquestions.B.游戲中的孩子對提示性問題的反應(yīng)更快。

C.Youngerchildrenhaveastrongersenseofsmellthanolderones.C.小一點(diǎn)的孩子的嗅覺比大一點(diǎn)的孩子強(qiáng)。

D.Inexperimentschildren’sanswersmaysometimesbeunreliable.D.在實(shí)驗(yàn)中，孩子們的答案有時(shí)是不可靠的。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第三段第三句“她指出，五歲以下的孩子通常會(huì)回答‘是’，即使答案是矛盾的”，從中可知，即便答案可能是矛盾的，孩子們在回答時(shí)通常都會(huì)回答“是”，從而推斷，孩子們的答案并不是可靠的。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)定位第三段第一句“心理學(xué)家希拉里?施密特認(rèn)為這項(xiàng)研究難以接受是可以理解的（understandably）”可知，該項(xiàng)與原文相反，屬于反向干擾；

B選項(xiàng)沒有提到，屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)在文中并沒有進(jìn)行比較，屬于無中生有。

33.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

33.Schmidt’sstyrofoamandleadballexperimentshowsthatyoungerchildren______.33.施密特的泡沫塑料和鉛球?qū)嶒?yàn)表明，更小的孩子______。

A.relyonearlierexperiencesinjudginganobjectA.在判斷物體時(shí)依賴于早期的經(jīng)驗(yàn)

B.areinsensitivetosize,weightandshapeB.對大小、重量和形狀不敏感

C.cannotrecognizethesizeofstyrofoamballsC.無法識(shí)別聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料球的大小

D.canunderstandwhattheballismadeofD.能夠理解球是由什么制成的

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第四段倒數(shù)第二句“盡管他們有過早期的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，但他們并不了解物體是由什么物質(zhì)構(gòu)成的，也不了解物體的大小和形狀”，從中我們可知，施密特的泡沫塑料和鉛球?qū)嶒?yàn)表明，更小的孩子在判斷物體時(shí)對物體的大小、重量和形狀都不了解。因此，B項(xiàng)最符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)中的早期經(jīng)驗(yàn)并不是孩子們判斷物體的依據(jù)，屬于曲解原文；

C選項(xiàng)不全面，屬于以偏概全；

D選項(xiàng)不符合原文，屬于反向干擾。

34.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

34.Theword“subjects”(Para.3)mostprobablymeans______.34.第三段的subjects一詞最有可能的意思是______。

A.pupilsA.小學(xué)生

B.adultsB.成年人

C.childrenC.孩子

D.researchersD.研究員

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】首先，根據(jù)題干定位到第三段最后一句“在越來越年輕的研究對象的幫助下，她希望闡明嗅覺的遺傳成分的重要性”，結(jié)合上一句“她發(fā)現(xiàn)，孩子們能像成年人一樣區(qū)分好聞和壞聞”，從中我們可知，這項(xiàng)研究的對象是children；綜合理解，第三段的subjects指的就是孩子。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)文中沒提到，屬于無中生有；

B、D選項(xiàng)并不符合原文，屬于曲解原文。

35.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

35.Fromthelastsentenceofthetext,wecaninferthatSchmidtmay______.35.從文章的最后一句話，我們可以推斷施密特可能______。

A.overthrowtheexistingtheoriesconcerningthesexdifferenceinsmellingA.推翻了現(xiàn)有的關(guān)于性別差異的嗅覺理論

B.supportthesecondexplanationthathormonesplayaroleB.支持荷爾蒙起作用的第二種解釋

C.thinkthatmaturegirlsarelesssensitivetosmellsthanchildrenC.認(rèn)為成熟的女孩對氣味的敏感性不如兒童

D.agreethatchildren’ssensitivitytosmellisnurturedD.同意兒童嗅覺的敏感度是后天培養(yǎng)的

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】首先，定位至文章最后一句“但施密特關(guān)于兒童存在性別差異的觀察并不符合這兩種解釋”，其中的兩種解釋是指上文提到的關(guān)于性別差異對于嗅覺敏感度的影響在兒童中并不明顯的原因：一種認(rèn)為女孩參加諸如烹飪之類的活動(dòng)可以訓(xùn)練她們分辨氣味；另一種認(rèn)為女性荷爾蒙會(huì)使嗅覺器官發(fā)生一些變化。綜合理解可知，施密特對于兒童性別差異的觀察研究推翻了女孩比男孩對氣味更敏感這兩種解釋，A選項(xiàng)意思與之相近。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B、C選項(xiàng)與原文不符，屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)與該段沒有聯(lián)系，屬于出處錯(cuò)位。

16.單選題

Afterafewroundsoftalks,bothsidesregardedtheterritorydispute（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.beingsettled

B.tobesettled

C.hadsettled

D.assettled

【答案】D

【解析】句意:經(jīng)過幾次談話，雙方都認(rèn)為這個(gè)領(lǐng)土紛爭已經(jīng)解決了。

考查固定搭配。regardsth.asdone將某事看做已經(jīng)完成了的事。因此選D項(xiàng)。

17.單選題

Onweekendsmygrandmausually（）aglassofwine.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.subscribesto

B.engagesin

C.indulgesin

D.hangson

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)subscribeto“訂閱；同意；捐款”；B選項(xiàng)engagein“從事于”；C選項(xiàng)indulgein“沉湎于”；D選項(xiàng)hangon“堅(jiān)持下去；不掛斷”。句意：周末我奶奶通?！槐啤Ｄ芘c“一杯酒”搭配的只有C選項(xiàng)“沉湎于”。