1999考研英語真題

1999年年全真試題PartIClozeTestDirections：Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(10points)Industrialsafetydoesnotjusthappen.Companies1lowaccidentratesplantheirsafetyprograms,workhardtoorganizethem,andcontinueworkingtokeepthem2andactive.Whentheworkiswelldone,a3ofaccidentfreeoperationsisestablished4timelostduetoinjuriesiskeptataminimum.Successfulsafetyprogramsmay5greatlyintheemphasisplacedoncertainaspectsoftheprogram.Someplacegreatemphasisonmechanicalguarding.Othersstresssafeworkpracticesby6rulesorregulations.7othersdependonanemotionalappealtotheworker.But,therearecertainbasicideasthatmustbeusedineveryprogramifmaximumresultsaretobeobtained.Therecanbenoquestionaboutthevalueofasafetyprogram.Fromafinancialstandpointalone,safety8.Thefewertheinjury9,thebettertheworkman'sinsurancerate.Thismaymeanthedifferencebetweenoperatingat10orataloss.1.[A]at[B]in [C]on LD]with2.[A]alive[B]vivid [C]mobileD]diverse3.[A]regulationLb]climate[C]circumstance[D]requirement4.[A]whereLB]how LC]what [D]unless5.[A]alterLB]differ IEC]shift LD]distinguish6.[A]constitutingLB]aggravating[C]observing[D]justifying7.[A]SomeLB]Many LC]Even LD]Still8.[A]comesoffLB]turnsupLC]paysoff LD]holdsup9.[A]claimsLB]reports LC]declarationsD]proclamationsio.[A]anadvantage[B]abenefit[C]aninterestD]aprofitPartIIReadingComprehensionDirections:Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswersmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.ThenmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(40points)Passage1It'saroughworldoutthere.Stepoutsideandyoucouldbreakalegslippingonyourdoormat.Lightupthestoveandyoucouldburndownthehouse.Luckily,ifthedoormatorstovefailedtowarnofcomingdisaster,asuccessfullawsuitmightcompensateyouforyourtroubles.Orsothethinkinghasgonesincetheearly1980s,whenjuriesbeganholdingmorecompaniesliablefortheircustomers'misfortunes.Feelingthreatened,companiesrespondedbywritingeverlongerwarninglabels,tryingtoanticipateeverypossibleaccident.Today,stepladderscarrylabelsseveralincheslongthatwarn,amongotherthings,thatyoumight一surprise!一falloff.Thelabelonachild'sBatmancapecautionsthatthetoy“doesnotenableusertofly".Whilewarningsareoftenappropriateandnecessary—thedangersofdruginteractions,forexample一andmanyarerequiredbystateorfederalregulations,itisn'tclearthattheyactuallyprotectthemanufacturersandsellersfromliabilityifacustomerisinjured.About50percentofthecompanieslosewheninjuredcustomerstakethemtocourt.Nowthetideappearstobeturning.Aspersonalinjuryclaimscontinueasbefore,somecourtsarebeginningtosidewithdefendants,especiallyincaseswhereawarninglabelprobablywouldn'thavechangedanything.InMay,JulieNimmons,presidentofSchuttSportsinIllinois,successfullyfoughtalawsuitinvolvingafootballplayerwhowasparalyzedinagamewhilewearingaSchutthelmet."We'rereallysorryhehasbecomeparalyzed,buthelmetsaren'tdesignedtopreventthosekindsofinjuries,"saysNimmons.Thejuryagreedthatthenatureofthegame,notthehelmet,wasthereasonfortheathlete'sinjury.Atthesametime,theAmericanLawInstitute—agroupofjudges,lawyers,andacademicswhoserecommendationscarrysubstantialweight—issuednewguidelinesfortortlawstatingthatcompaniesneednotwarncustomersofobviousdangersorbombardthemwithalengthylistofpossibleones."Importantinformationcangetburiedinaseaoftrivialities,"saysalawprofessoratCornellLawSchoolwhohelpeddraftthenewguidelines.Ifthemoderateendofthelegalcommunityhasitsway,theinformationonproductsmightactuallybeprovidedforthebenefitofcustomersandnotasprotectionagainstlegalliability.Whatwerethingslikein1980swhenaccidentshappened?Customersmightberelievedoftheirdisastersthroughlawsuits.Injuredcustomerscouldexpectprotectionfromthelegalsystem.Companieswouldavoidbeingsuedbyprovidingnewwarnings.Juriestendedtofindfaultwiththecompensationscompaniespromised.Manufacturersasmentionedinthepassagetendto.satisfycustomersbywritinglongwarningsonproductsbecomehonestindescribingtheinadequaciesoftheirproductsmakethebestuseoflabelstoavoidlegalliabilityfeelobligedtoviewcustomers*safetyastheirfirstconcernThecaseofSchutthelmetdemonstratedthat.someinjuryclaimswerenolongersupportedbylawhelmetswerenotdesignedtopreventinjuriesproductlabelswouldeventuallybediscardedsomesportsgamesmightlosepopularitywithathletesTheauthor'sattitudetowardstheissueseemstobe.[A]biased [B]indifferent[C]puzzlingED]objectivePassage2InthefirstyearorsoofWebbusiness,mostoftheactionhasrevolvedaroundeffortstotaptheconsumermarket.Morerecently,astheWebprovedtobemorethanafashion,companieshavestartedtobuyandsellproductsandserviceswithoneanother.Suchbusinesstobusinesssalesmakesensebecausebusinesspeopletypicallyknowwhatproductthey'relookingfor.Nonetheless,manycompaniesstillhesitatetousetheWebbecauseofdoubtsaboutitsreliability."Businessesneedtofeeltheycantrustthepathwaybetweenthemandthesupplier,"sayssenioranalystBlaneErwinofForresterResearch.Somecompaniesarelimitingtheriskbyconductingonlinetransactionsonlywithestablishedbusinesspartnerswhoaregivenaccesstothecompany'sprivateintranet.AnothermajorshiftinthemodelforInternetcommerceconcernsthetechnologyavailableformarketing.Untilrecently,Internetmarketingactivitieshavefocusedonstrategiesto"pull"customersintosites.Inthepastyear,however,softwarecompanieshavedevelopedtoolsthatallowcompaniesto"push"informationdirectlyouttoconsumers,transmittingmarketingmessagesdirectlytotargetedcustomers.Mostnotably,thePointcastNetworkusesascreensavertodeliveracontinuallyupdatedstreamofnewsandadvertisementstosubscribers'computermonitors.Subscriberscancustomizetheinformationtheywanttoreceiveandproceeddirectlytoacompany'sWebsite.CompaniessuchasVirtualVineyardsarealreadystartingtousesimilartechnologiestopushmessagestocustomersaboutspecialsales,productofferings,orotherevents.ButpushtechnologyhasearnedthecontemptofmanyWebusers.Onlineculturethinkshighlyofthenotionthattheinformationflowingontothescreencomestherebyspecificrequest.Oncecommercialpromotionbeginstofillthescreenuninvited,thedistinctionbetweentheWebandtelevisionfades.That'saprospectthathorrifiesNetpurists.ButitishardlyinevitablethatcompaniesontheWebwillneedtoresorttopushstrategiestomakemoney.TheexamplesofVirtualVineyards,A,andotherpioneersshowthataWebsitesellingtherightkindofproductswiththerightmixofinteractivity,hospitality,andsecuritywillattractonlinecustomers.Andthecostofcomputingpowercontinuestofreefall,whichisagoodsignforanyenterprisesettingupshopinsilicon.Peoplelookingback5or10yearsfromnowmaywellwonderwhysofewcompaniestooktheonlineplunge.WelearnfromthebeginningofthepassagethatWebbusiness.hasbeenstrivingtoexpanditsmarketintendedtofollowafancifulfashiontriedbutinvaintocontrolthemarkethasbeenboomingforoneyearorsoSpeakingoftheonlinetechnologyavailableformarketing,theauthorimpliesthat.thetechnologyispopularwithmanyWebusersbusinesseshavefaithinthereliabilityofonlinetransactionsthereisaradicalchangeinstrategyitisaccessiblelimitedlytoestablishedpartnersIntheviewofNetpurists,.thereshouldbenomarketingmessagesinonlineculturemoneymakingshouldbegivenprioritytoontheWebtheWebshouldbeabletofunctionasthetelevisionsetthereshouldbenoonlinecommercialinformationwithoutrequestsWelearnfromthelastparagraphthat.pushinginformationontheWebisessentialtoInternetcommerceinteractivity,hospitalityandsecurityareimportanttoonlinecustomersleadingcompaniesbegantotaketheonlineplungedecadesagosettingupshopsinsiliconisindependentofthecostofcomputingpowerPassage3Aninvisibleborderdividesthosearguingforcomputersintheclassroomonthebehalfofstudents9careerprospectsandthosearguingforcomputersintheclassroomforbroaderreasonsofradicaleducationalreform.Veryfewwritersonthesubjecthaveexploredthisdistinction—indeed,contradiction—whichgoestotheheartofwhatiswrongwiththecampaigntoputcomputersintheclassroom.Aneducationthataimsatgettingastudentacertainkindofjobisatechnicaleducation,justifiedforreasonsradicallydifferentfromwhyeducationisuniversallyrequiredbylaw.Itisnotsimplytoraiseeveryone'sjobprospectsthatallchildrenarelegallyrequiredtoattendschoolintotheirteens.Rather,wehaveacertainconceptionoftheAmericancitizen,acharacterwhoisincompleteifhecannotcompetentlyassesshowhislivelihoodandhappinessareaffectedbythingsoutsideofhimself.Butthiswasnotalwaysthecase;beforeitwaslegallyrequiredforallchildrentoattendschooluntilacertainage,itwaswidelyacceptedthatsomewerejustnotequippedbynaturetopursuethiskindofeducation.Withoptimismcharacteristicofallindustrializedcountries,wecametoacceptthateveryoneisfittobeeducated.Computereducationadvocatesforsakethisoptimisticnotionforapessimismthatbetraystheirotherwisecheeryoutlook.Bankingontheconfusionbetweeneducationalandvocationalreasonsforbringingcomputersintoschools,computeredadvocatesoftenemphasizethejobprospectsofgraduatesovertheireducationalachievement.Therearesomegoodargumentsforatechnicaleducationgiventherightkindofstudent.ManyEuropeanschoolsintroducetheconceptofprofessionaltrainingearlyoninordertomakesurechildrenareproperlyequippedfortheprofessionstheywanttojoin.Itis,however,presumptuoustoinsistthattherewillonlybesomanyjobsforsomanyscientists,somanybusinessmen,somanyaccountants.Besides,thisisunlikelytoproducetheneedednumberofeverykindofprofessionalinacountryaslargeasoursandwheretheeconomyisspreadoversomanystatesandinvolvessomanyinternationalcorporations.But,forasmallgroupofstudents,professionaltrainingmightbethewaytogosincewelldevelopedskills,allotherfactorsbeingequal,canbethedifferencebetweenhavingajobandnot.Ofcourse,thebasicsofusinganycomputerthesedaysareverysimple.Itdoesnottakealifelongacquaintancetopickupvarioussoftwareprograms.Ifonewantedtobecomeacomputerengineer,thatis,ofcourse,anentirelydifferentstory.Basiccomputerskillstake—attheverylongest—acoupleofmonthstolearn.Inanycase,basiccomputerskillsareonlycomplementarytothehostofrealskillsthatarenecessarytobecominganykindofprofessional.Itshouldbeobserved,ofcourse,thatnoschool,vocationalornot,ishelpedbyaconfusionoveritspurpose.Theauthorthinksthepresentrushtoputcomputersintheclassroomis.[A]far reaching [B]dubiouslyoriented[C]self contradictory [D]radicallyreformatoryThebeliefthateducationisindispensabletoallchildren.isindicativeofapessimismindisguisecameintobeingalongwiththearrivalofcomputersisdeeplyrootedinthemindsofcomputeredadvocatesoriginatedfromtheoptimisticattitudeofindustrializedcountriesItcouldbeinferredfromthepassagethatintheauthor'scountrytheEuropeanmodelofprofessionaltrainingis.dependentuponthestartingageofcandidatesworthtryinginvarioussocialsectionsoflittlepracticalvalueattractivetoeverykindofprofessionalAccordingtotheauthor,basiccomputerskillsshouldbe.includedasanauxiliarycourseinschoolhighlightedinacquisitionofprofessionalqualificationsmasteredthroughalifelongcourseequallyemphasizedbyanyschool,vocationalorotherwisePassage4WhenaScottishresearchteamstartledtheworldbyrevealing3monthsagothatithadclonedanadultsheep,PresidentClintonmovedswiftly.Declaringthathewasopposedtousingthisunusualanimalhusbandrytechniquetoclonehumans,heorderedthatfederalfundsnotbeusedforsuchanexperiment—althoughnoonehadproposedtodoso-andaskedanindependentpanelofexpertschairedbyPrincetonPresidentHaroldShapirotoreportbacktotheWhiteHousein90dayswithrecommendationsforanationalpolicyonhumancloning.Thatgroup一theNationalBioethicsAdvisoryCommission(NBAC)-hasbeenworkingfeverishlytoputitswisdomonpaper,andatameetingon17May,membersagreedonanearfinaldraftoftheirrecommendations.NBACwillaskthatClinton's90daybanonfederalfundsforhumancloningbeextendedindefinitely,andpossiblythatitbemadelaw.ButNBACmembersareplanningtowordtherecommendationnarrowlytoavoidnewrestrictionsonresearchthatinvolvesthecloningofhumanDNAorcells—routineinmolecularbiology.Thepanelhasnotyetreachedagreementonacrucialquestion,however,whethertorecommendlegislationthatwouldmakeitacrimeforprivatefundingtobeusedforhumancloning.Inadraftprefacetotherecommendations,discussedatthe17Maymeeting,Shapirosuggestedthatthepanelhadfoundabroadconsensusthatitwouldbe“morallyunacceptabletoattempttocreateahumanchildbyadultnuclearcloning.”Shapiroexplainedduringthemeetingthatthemoraldoubtstemsmainlyfromfearsabouttherisktothehealthofthechild.Thepaneltheninformallyacceptedseveralgeneralconclusions,althoughsomedetailshavenotbeensettled.NBACplanstocallforacontinuedbanonfederalgovernmentfundingforanyattempttoclonebodycellnucleitocreateachild.Becausecurrentfederallawalreadyforbidstheuseoffederalfundstocreateembryos(theearlieststageofhumanoffspringbeforebirth)forresearchortoknowinglyendangeranembryo'slife,NBACwillremainsilentonembryoresearch.NBACmembersalsoindicatedthattheywouldappealtoprivatelyfundedresearchersandclinicsnottotrytoclonehumansbybodycellnucleartransfer.Buttheyweredividedonwhethertogofurtherbycallingforafederallawthatwouldimposeacompletebanonhumancloning.Shapiroandmostmembersfavoredanappealforsuchlegislation,butinaphoneinterview,hesaidthisissuewasstill"upintheair".Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthat.federalfundshavebeenusedinaprojecttoclonehumanstheWhiteHouserespondedstronglytothenewsofcloningNBACwasauthorizedtocontrolthemisuseofcloningtechniquetheWhiteHousehasgotthepanel'srecommendationsoncloningThepanelagreedonallofthefollowingexceptthat.thebanonfederalfundsforhumancloningshouldbemadealawthecloningofhumanDNAisnottobeputundermorecontrolitiscriminaltouseprivatefundingforhumancloningitwouldbeagainstethicalvaluestocloneahumanbeingNBACwillleavetheissueofembryoresearchundiscussedbecause.embryoresearchisjustacurrentdevelopmentofcloningthehealthofthechildisnotthemainconcernofembryoresearchanembryo'slifewillnotbeendangeredinembryoresearchtheissueisexplicitlystatedandsettledinthelawItcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat.someNBACmembershesitatetobanhumancloningcompletelyalawbanninghumancloningistobepassedinnotimeprivatelyfundedresearcherswillrespondpositivelytoNBAC'sappealtheissueofhumancloningwillsoonbesettledPassage5Science,inpractice,dependsfarlessontheexperimentsitpreparesthanonthepreparednessofthemindsofthemenwhowatchtheexperiments.SirIsaacNewtonsupposedlydiscoveredgravitythroughthefallofanapple.Appleshadbeenfallinginmanyplacesforcenturiesandthousandsofpeoplehadseenthemfall.ButNewtonforyearshadbeencuriousaboutthecauseoftheorbitalmotionofthemoonandplanets.Whatkepttheminplace?Whydidn'ttheyfalloutofthesky?Thefactthattheapplefelldowntowardtheearthandnotupintothetreeansweredthequestionhehadbeenaskinghimselfaboutthoselargerfruitsoftheheavens,themoonandtheplanets.Howmanymenwouldhaveconsideredthepossibilityofanapplefallingupintothetree?Newtondidbecausehewasnottryingtopredictanything.Hewasjustwondering.Hismindwasreadyfortheunpredictable.Unpredictabilityispartoftheessentialnatureofresearch.Ifyoudon'thaveunpredictablethings,youdon'thaveresearch.Scientiststendtoforgetthiswhenwritingtheircutanddriedreportsforthetechnicaljournals,buthistoryisfilledwithexamplesofit.Intalkingtosomescientists,particularlyyoungerones,youmightgathertheimpressionthattheyfindthe“scientificmethod"asubstituteforimaginativethought.I'veattendedresearchconferenceswhereascientisthasbeenaskedwhathethinksabouttheadvisabilityofcontinuingacertainexperiment.Thescientisthasfrowned,lookedatthegraphs,andsaid,"thedataarestillinconclusive.”"Weknowthat,"themenfromthebudgetofficehavesaid,"butwhatdoyouthink?Isitworthwhilegoingon?Whatdoyouthinkwemightexpect?"Thescientisthasbeenshockedathavingevenbeenaskedtospeculate.Whatthisamountsto,ofcourse,isthatthescientisthasbecomethevictimofhisownwritings.Hehasputforwardunquestionedclaimssoconsistentlythathenotonlybelievesthemhimself,buthasconvincedindustrialandbusinessmanagementthattheyaretrue.Ifexperimentsareplannedandcarriedoutaccordingtoplanasfaithfullyasthereportsinthesciencejournalsindicate,thenitisperfectlylogicalformanagementtoexpectresearchtoproduceresultsmeasurableindollarsandcents.Itisentirelyreasonableforauditorstobelievethatscientistswhoknowexactlywheretheyaregoingandhowtheywillgetthereshouldnotbedistractedbythenecessityofkeepingoneeyeonthecashregisterwhiletheothereyeisonthemicroscope.Nor,ifregularityandconformitytoastandardpatternareasdesirabletothescientistasthewritingofhispaperswouldappeartoreflect,ismanagementtobeblamedfordiscriminatingagainstthe"oddballs"amongresearchersinfavorofmoreconventionalthinkerswho"workwellwiththeteam".TheauthorwantstoprovewiththeexampleofIsaacNewtonthat.inquiringmindsaremoreimportantthanscientificexperimentsscienceadvanceswhenfruitfulresearchesareconductedscientistsseldomforgettheessentialnatureofresearchunpredictabilityweighslessthanpredictioninscientificresearchTheauthorassertsthatscientists.shouldn'treplaceascientificmethod“withimaginativethoughtshouldn'tneglecttospeculateonunpredictablethingsshouldwritemoreconcisereportsfortechnicaljournalsshouldbeconfidentabouttheirresearchfindingsItseemsthatsomeyoungscientists.haveakeeninterestinpredictionoftenspeculateonthefuturethinkhighlyofcreativethinkingsticktouscientificmethod”Theauthorimpliesthattheresultsofscientificresearch.maynotbeasprofitableastheyareexpectedcanbemeasuredindollarsandcentsrelyonconformitytoastandardpatternaremostlyunderestimatedbymanagementPartIHEnglishChineseTranslationDirections:ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YburtranslationmustbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)Whiletherearealmostasmanydefinitionsofhistoryastherearehistorians,modernpracticemostcloselyconformstoonethatseeshistoryastheattempttorecreateandexplainthesignificanteventsofthepast.Caughtinthewebofitsowntimeandplace,eachgenerationofhistoriansdeterminesanewwhatissignificantforitinthepast.Inthissearchtheevidencefoundisalwaysincompleteandscattered;itisalsofrequentlypartialorpartisan.Theironyofthehistorian'erestinhistoricalmethodshasarisenlessthroughexternalchallengetothevalidityofhistoryasanintellectualdisciplineandmorefrominternalquarrelsamonghistoriansthemselves.Whilehistoryoncerevereditsaffinitytoliteratureandphilosophy,theemergingsocialsciencesseemedtoaffordgreateropportunitiesforaskingnewquestionsandprovidingrewardingapproachestoanunderstandingofthepast.Socialsciencemethodologieshadtobeadaptedtoadisciplinegovernedbytheprimacyofhistoricalsourcesratherthantheimperativesofthecontemporaryworld.33)Duringthistransfer,traditionalhistoricalmethodswereaugmentedbyadditionalmethodologiesdesignedtointerpretthenewformsofevidenceinthehistoricalstudy.Methodologyisatermthatremainsinherentlyambiguousinthehistoricalprofession.34)Thereisnoagreementwhethermethodologyreferstotheconceptspeculiartohistoricalworkingeneralortotheresearchtechniquesappropriatetothevariousbranchesofhistoricalinquiry.Historians,especiallythosesoblindedbytheirresearchintereststhattheyhavebeenaccusedof“tunnelmethod,Mfrequentlyfallvictimtothe"technicalfallacy."Alsocommoninthenaturalsciences,thetechnicistfallacymistakenlyidentifiesthedisciplineasawholewithcertainpartsofitstechnicalimplementation.Itappliesequallytotraditionalhistorianswhoviewhistoryasonlytheexternalandinternalcriticismofsources,andtosocialsciencehistorianswhoequatetheiractivitywithspecifictechniques.SectionIVWriting(15points)Directions:Studythefollowinggraphscarefullyandwriteanessayinatlessthan150words.YouressaymustbewrittenclearlyontheANSWERSHEET2.Youressayshouldcoverthreepoints:effectofthecountry'sgrowinghumanpopulationonitswildlife,possiblereasonsfortheeffect,yoursuggestionforwildlifeprotection1999年英語試題答案ClozeTestD2.A3.B4.A5.B6.C7.D8.C9.A10.DReadingComprehensionPartAPassage111.B12.C13.A14.DPassage215.A16.C17.D18.BPassage319.B20.D21.C22.APassage423.B24.C25.D26.APassage527.A28.B29.D30.APartHIEnglishChineseTranslation.兒乎每個歷史學(xué)家對史學(xué)都有自己的界定,但是現(xiàn)代史學(xué)家的實踐最趨于認為歷史學(xué)試圖重現(xiàn)過去的重大史實并對其做出解釋。.人們之所以關(guān)注歷史研究的方法論,主要是因為史學(xué)界內(nèi)部意見不ー，其次是因為外界并不認為歷史是ー門學(xué)問。.在這種轉(zhuǎn)變中,歷史學(xué)家研究歷史時,那些解釋新史料的新方法充實了傳統(tǒng)的歷史研究方法。.所謂方法論是指一般的歷史研究中的特有概念,還是指歷史探究中各個具體領(lǐng)域適用的研究手段,人們對此意見不ー。.這種謬誤同樣存在于歷史傳統(tǒng)派和歷史社科派;前者認為歷史就是史學(xué)界內(nèi)部和外部人士對各種史料來源的評論,后者則認為歷史的研究是具體方法的研究。SectionIVWriting(15points).見分析試題精解PartIClozeTest一、文章總體分析本文是圍繞安全生產(chǎn)這個話題的ー篇論證性文章。第一段是安全生產(chǎn)的基本介紹:它不是新事物,而是企業(yè)制定并不斷實施自己的安全計劃以建立無事故エ作氛圍的做法。第二段指出,成功有效的安全計劃的側(cè)重點各不相同,但都遵循某些基本的思想。第三段強調(diào)安全生產(chǎn)對企業(yè)的意義:其價值是不可低估的,它決定了エ廠的運營是盈利還是虧損。二、試題具體解析.［精解］本題考核的知識點是:介詞的用法。難度:0.36本題空格處的介詞和lowaccidentrates搭配成介詞短語,做后置定語修飾companies〇選項中只有at和with能與rate搭配,ata/therate(of)意為"以…的速度”,如:Shecanreadattherateof100wordsaminute.(她一分鐘能讀!00個單詞),但我們不能說“低速度事故的(atlowaccidentrates)公司”,因此排除at。with意為“具有,帶有",用來表示附屬于一個彎品的某種顯著的特點，如：acountrywithalonghistory(歷史悠久的國家)，在短文中意為‘‘事故發(fā)生率低的公司"。.［精解］本題考核的知識點是:形容詞詞義辨析。難度:0.32空格處的結(jié)構(gòu)為keep（動詞）them（賓語）2（賓補）andactive（賓補），其中them指代前面的safetyprograms?該空的形容詞應(yīng)與active在語義上一致,并且可以修飾safetyprograms（安全計劃）。選項中alive的常用義為“活著的,有活力的”,但它與keep搭配時意為“使繼續(xù)有效、存在或進行”,如:Theargumentwaskeptalivebythepoliticians.（政治家們還在繼續(xù)爭論那件事）。放入文中,keepsafe