英語國家社會與文化入門上冊教學課件 U12

《英語國家社會與文化入門》(上冊）TheSocietyandCultureofMajorEnglish-SpeakingCountriesAnIntroduction(BookOne)《英語國家社會與文化入門》(上冊）TheSocietya

Ireland

Unit12

PoliticsandEconomy

Ireland

Unit12PoliticsanQuizGivetheEnglishandabriefexplanationforthefollowing:1.代議制民主2.權力制衡3.經濟轉型4.歐洲聯盟5.跨國公司QuizGivetheEnglishandabFocalPointsrepresentativedemocracychecksandbalancesIrishlegalsystemeconomictransformationIreland’saccessiontotheEUsocialchangemultinationalculturenewprosperitynewinequalityFocalPointsrepresentativedemThisUnitIsDividedintoThreeSectionsPoliticsEconomyIrelandTodayThisUnitIsDividedintoThreI.PoliticsIrelandisarepresentativedemocracy:mostofitsofficesarefilledthroughelectionbytheIrishcitizens.ThesystemisbasedontheAmericanprincipleof“checksandbalances”.ThePresidentisanelectedsymbolicheadofstate(electedevery7years)ThePrimeMinisterandtheCabinet(theexecutivebranch)arecollectivelyresponsibletotheIrishParliament(electedevery5years)CivilServiceisnon-politicalandresponsibleforadministeringgovernmentpolicies.Lawsareenforcedthroughcourtsofvariouslevels(districtcourt,circuitcourt,highcourt,andsupremecourt)andthejurysystem.I.PoliticsIrelandisarepresThePrincipleofchecksandbalanceswasputforwardbyMontesquieuandpracticedbytheAmericanConstitutionalConventionin1787.Undertheprincipleoftheseparationofpowers(checksandbalances),thestateisdividedintobranches,eachwithseparateandindependentpowersandareasofresponsibility.Thetypicaldivisionofbranchesisintoalegislature,anexecutive,andajudiciary.ThePrincipleofchecksandbaThesolepowerofmakinglaws(legislature)forthestateisvestedintheIrishParliamentwhichiscomprisedoftheDail(lowerhouse)andtheSeanadortheSenate.LayoutoftheIrishDail(LowerHouse)withthesystemofproportionalrepresentationThesolepowerofmakinglawsThePresidentactsasasymbolicHeadofStateandiselectedevery7years,andcanbereelectedonceonly.árasanUachtaráinistheofficialresidenceofthePresidentThePresidentactsasasymbolThecurrentpresidentisMichaelD.Higgins,whowaselectedon29October2011.ThecurrentpresidentisMichaTheexecutivepowersofthestateareexercisedbytheGovernmentheadedbythePrimeMinisterorTaoiseachThecurrentTaoiseach(P.M.)EndaKenny(left);DepartmentoftheTaoiseachatGovernmentBuildings,MerrionStreet,Dublin(right)TheexecutivepowersofthestLawsareenforcedthroughcourtsofvariouslevels(districtcourt,circuitcourt,highcourt,andsupremecourt)andthejurysystem.AsimplifieddiagramofthecourtssysteminIrelandLawsareenforcedthroughcourInaccordancewithmostWesternnations,justiceisadministeredincourtsoflawadministeredbyajudgeappointedbythePresidentontheadviceoftheGovernment.TheFourCourts,completedin1802,isthelocationoftheSupremeCourt,theHighCourtandtheDublinCircuitCourt.InaccordancewithmostWesterThelawofIrelandishistoricallybasedonEnglishcommonlawandhadasimilarjurysystem.Normallyconsistingoftwelvepersons,juriesareselectedfromajurypanelwhichispickedatrandombythecountyregistrarfromtheelectoralregister.JuriesThelawofIrelandishistoriII.EconomyIrelandhasasmall,open,trade-dependenteconomy(65%serviceemployment,28%industryemployment,7%agricultureemployment).Irelandexperiencedfasteconomicgrowthfrom1995to2005anditsGDPdoubledduringtheperiod.Populationboom,educationreform(betterandmoreequal),legislationonwomen’sworkrights,andconversiontomarketeconomicsarebelievedtobethemajorreasonsbehindtheeconomicboom.Housepricesrosequickly(quadrupledinDublin)duetofreeflowoflaborwithinEUandeconomicboom(CelticTiger).MultinationalcompaniesincreasedtheirinvestmentinIreland.Rapideconomicdevelopmentresultedinbubblesandtheirbust.II.EconomyIrelandhasasmallTheeconomyofIrelandfocusesonservicesandhigh-techindustriesandisdependentontrade,industryandinvestment.TheInternationalFinancialServicesCentreinDublin,withtheFamineMemorialTheeconomyofIrelandfocusesIrelandjoinedtheCommonMarket(nowknownastheEU)in1973andcurrentlyamemberstateoftheEurozone.IrelandispartoftheEUsinglemarketandEurozone(darkblue)IrelandjoinedtheCommonMarkThankstotheEUstructuralfundsandotherfactors,IrelandexperiencedunprecedentedeconomicgrowthanditsGNPalmostdoubledfrom1995to2005.EUstructuralfundshelpedtoimprovetheinfrastructureinIreland:InterCitytrainatHeustonstation(left);Terminal2atDublinAirport(right)ThankstotheEUstructuralfuPopulationboom,educationreform(betterandmoreequal),legislationonwomen’sworkrights,andconversiontomarketeconomicsarethemajorreasonsbehindtheeconomicboom.UniversityCollegeCorkwasfoundedin1845andisaconstituentuniversityoftheNationalUniversityofIreland.Populationboom,educationrefFromabout60%oftheEuropeanaverage,Irishincomeswentto110%.HousepricesinDublinquadrupled.HousingBoom:AhousingconstructionsiteinDublinatSandyford,2006Fromabout60%oftheEuropeanTheCelticTigerattractedalotofinvestmentfrominternationalcompanieswhichprovidedjobsbutalsocausedbubblesandoutflowofprofits.AwindfarminCountyWexfordTheCelticTigerattractedalThePost-2008Irishbankingcrisisledtoanumberoffinancialinstitutionsrequiringgovernmentassistance.JoeHiggins,aMEPspeakingoutsideAngloIrishBankduringaprotestagainstthebankbailoutin2010.ThePost-2008IrishbankingcrIII.IrelandTodayInthelastdecadesofthe20thcentury,Irelandexperiencedradicalchangesfinancially,sociallyandmorally.Today’sIrishyoungpeoplearemorelikelytothinkoftheirfuturemoreinglobalratherthanlocalterms.Becauseofthehousingboom,Irelandhasoneofthehighestratesofhome-ownershipinEurope.Rapidmodernizationandurbanizationcausedfrequenttrafficjamandmorecaraccidents.Overthelasttwodecades,Ireland’slivingstandardshavefirstincreaseddramaticallyandthentakenasuddenshockingdownturn.Therewereseriouscorruptionissuesduringtheeconomicboom,whichlargelycausedthebubblesandthefinancialcrisisafter2008.III.IrelandTodayInthelastIrelandranksamongthewealthiestcountriesintheworldintermsofGDPpercapita.AfterjoiningtheEEC,Irelandenactedaseriesofliberaleconomicpoliciesthatresultedinrapideconomicgrowth,coupledwithadramaticriseininequality.ThelabourproductivitylevelofIrelandisoneofhighestinEurope.(OECD,2012)IrelandranksamongthewealthOverthelast40years,strenuouseffortshavebeenmadebytheIrishgovernmenttotransformIrelandfromatraditionalagriculturaleconomyintoapost-industrialeconomy.DublinCityCentre:witnessingeconomicboomandsocialchangesOverthelast40years,strenuThepost-2008Irisheconomicdownturnfollowedaperiodofexceptionallyhigheconomicgrowth,housepriceinflation,andexpansioninbanklendingintheearly2000s.WorkersmarchthroughDublinagainstthegovernment'sresponsetothefinancialcrisis,2009.Thepost-2008IrisheconomicdToday’sIrishyoungpeoplearemorelikelytothinkoftheirfuturemoreinglobalratherthanlocalterms.Musicband:TheFramesToday’sIrishyoungpeopleareRapidurbanizationandavailabilityofcarscausedfrequenttrafficjamsandmorecaraccidents.Evensmalltownslikethiscannotavoidtrafficcongestion.RapidurbanizationandavailabIrelandhasoneofthemostdevelopedsystemsofhealthcareintheworld.Healthcareprofessionalsarehighlytrained.RCSIDiseaseandResearchCentreatBeaumontHospitalinDublincityIrelandhasoneofthemostdeIrishwomenenjoyequalrightswithmenineducationandemploymentthankstoIreland’sentryintotheEUwhichrequiresmoreliberallegislationonequalrights.MaryPatriciaMcAleese(1951-)servedastheeighthPresidentofIrelandfrom1997to2011.IrishwomenenjoyequalrightsTourismintheRepublicofIrelandisoneofthebiggestcontributorstotheeconomyofthecountry,withover6.2millionpeoplevisitingIrelandin2011,about1.4timesIreland'spopulation.WomenplayingmusicintheDublinSt.Patrick'sDayParade.TourismintheRepublicofIreQuestionsforDiscussionDescribethestructureoftheIrishgovernment.Whatistheprincipleofchecksandbalances?C.WhatarethecausesoftheeconomicboominIreland?D.WhatbenefitshasIrelandreceivedfromjoiningtheEU?E.WhataresomeoftheexistingproblemsintheIrishsocietytoday?QuestionsforDiscussionDescriTheEnd高等教育出版社2015TheEnd高等教育出版社《英語國家社會與文化入門》(上冊）TheSocietyandCultureofMajorEnglish-SpeakingCountriesAnIntroduction(BookOne)《英語國家社會與文化入門》(上冊）TheSocietya

Ireland

Unit12

PoliticsandEconomy

Ireland

Unit12PoliticsanQuizGivetheEnglishandabriefexplanationforthefollowing:1.代議制民主2.權力制衡3.經濟轉型4.歐洲聯盟5.跨國公司QuizGivetheEnglishandabFocalPointsrepresentativedemocracychecksandbalancesIrishlegalsystemeconomictransformationIreland’saccessiontotheEUsocialchangemultinationalculturenewprosperitynewinequalityFocalPointsrepresentativedemThisUnitIsDividedintoThreeSectionsPoliticsEconomyIrelandTodayThisUnitIsDividedintoThreI.PoliticsIrelandisarepresentativedemocracy:mostofitsofficesarefilledthroughelectionbytheIrishcitizens.ThesystemisbasedontheAmericanprincipleof“checksandbalances”.ThePresidentisanelectedsymbolicheadofstate(electedevery7years)ThePrimeMinisterandtheCabinet(theexecutivebranch)arecollectivelyresponsibletotheIrishParliament(electedevery5years)CivilServiceisnon-politicalandresponsibleforadministeringgovernmentpolicies.Lawsareenforcedthroughcourtsofvariouslevels(districtcourt,circuitcourt,highcourt,andsupremecourt)andthejurysystem.I.PoliticsIrelandisarepresThePrincipleofchecksandbalanceswasputforwardbyMontesquieuandpracticedbytheAmericanConstitutionalConventionin1787.Undertheprincipleoftheseparationofpowers(checksandbalances),thestateisdividedintobranches,eachwithseparateandindependentpowersandareasofresponsibility.Thetypicaldivisionofbranchesisintoalegislature,anexecutive,andajudiciary.ThePrincipleofchecksandbaThesolepowerofmakinglaws(legislature)forthestateisvestedintheIrishParliamentwhichiscomprisedoftheDail(lowerhouse)andtheSeanadortheSenate.LayoutoftheIrishDail(LowerHouse)withthesystemofproportionalrepresentationThesolepowerofmakinglawsThePresidentactsasasymbolicHeadofStateandiselectedevery7years,andcanbereelectedonceonly.árasanUachtaráinistheofficialresidenceofthePresidentThePresidentactsasasymbolThecurrentpresidentisMichaelD.Higgins,whowaselectedon29October2011.ThecurrentpresidentisMichaTheexecutivepowersofthestateareexercisedbytheGovernmentheadedbythePrimeMinisterorTaoiseachThecurrentTaoiseach(P.M.)EndaKenny(left);DepartmentoftheTaoiseachatGovernmentBuildings,MerrionStreet,Dublin(right)TheexecutivepowersofthestLawsareenforcedthroughcourtsofvariouslevels(districtcourt,circuitcourt,highcourt,andsupremecourt)andthejurysystem.AsimplifieddiagramofthecourtssysteminIrelandLawsareenforcedthroughcourInaccordancewithmostWesternnations,justiceisadministeredincourtsoflawadministeredbyajudgeappointedbythePresidentontheadviceoftheGovernment.TheFourCourts,completedin1802,isthelocationoftheSupremeCourt,theHighCourtandtheDublinCircuitCourt.InaccordancewithmostWesterThelawofIrelandishistoricallybasedonEnglishcommonlawandhadasimilarjurysystem.Normallyconsistingoftwelvepersons,juriesareselectedfromajurypanelwhichispickedatrandombythecountyregistrarfromtheelectoralregister.JuriesThelawofIrelandishistoriII.EconomyIrelandhasasmall,open,trade-dependenteconomy(65%serviceemployment,28%industryemployment,7%agricultureemployment).Irelandexperiencedfasteconomicgrowthfrom1995to2005anditsGDPdoubledduringtheperiod.Populationboom,educationreform(betterandmoreequal),legislationonwomen’sworkrights,andconversiontomarketeconomicsarebelievedtobethemajorreasonsbehindtheeconomicboom.Housepricesrosequickly(quadrupledinDublin)duetofreeflowoflaborwithinEUandeconomicboom(CelticTiger).MultinationalcompaniesincreasedtheirinvestmentinIreland.Rapideconomicdevelopmentresultedinbubblesandtheirbust.II.EconomyIrelandhasasmallTheeconomyofIrelandfocusesonservicesandhigh-techindustriesandisdependentontrade,industryandinvestment.TheInternationalFinancialServicesCentreinDublin,withtheFamineMemorialTheeconomyofIrelandfocusesIrelandjoinedtheCommonMarket(nowknownastheEU)in1973andcurrentlyamemberstateoftheEurozone.IrelandispartoftheEUsinglemarketandEurozone(darkblue)IrelandjoinedtheCommonMarkThankstotheEUstructuralfundsandotherfactors,IrelandexperiencedunprecedentedeconomicgrowthanditsGNPalmostdoubledfrom1995to2005.EUstructuralfundshelpedtoimprovetheinfrastructureinIreland:InterCitytrainatHeustonstation(left);Terminal2atDublinAirport(right)ThankstotheEUstructuralfuPopulationboom,educationreform(betterandmoreequal),legislationonwomen’sworkrights,andconversiontomarketeconomicsarethemajorreasonsbehindtheeconomicboom.UniversityCollegeCorkwasfoundedin1845andisaconstituentuniversityoftheNationalUniversityofIreland.Populationboom,educationrefFromabout60%oftheEuropeanaverage,Irishincomeswentto110%.HousepricesinDublinquadrupled.HousingBoom:AhousingconstructionsiteinDublinatSandyford,2006Fromabout60%oftheEuropeanTheCelticTigerattractedalotofinvestmentfrominternationalcompanieswhichprovidedjobsbutalsocausedbubblesandoutflowofprofits.AwindfarminCountyWexfordTheCelticTigerattractedalThePost-2008Irishbankingcrisisledtoanumberoffinancialinstitutionsrequiringgovernmentassistance.JoeHiggins,aMEPspeakingoutsideAngloIrishBankduringaprotestagainstthebankbailoutin2010.ThePost-2008IrishbankingcrIII.IrelandTodayInthelastdecadesofthe20thcentury,Irelandexperiencedradicalchangesfinancially,sociallyandmorally.Today’sIrishyoungpeoplearemorelikelytothinkoftheirfuturemoreinglobalratherthanlocalterms.Becauseofthehousingboom,Irelandhasoneofthehighestratesofhome-ownershipinEurope.Rapidmodernizationandurbanizationcausedfrequenttrafficjamandmorecaraccidents.Overthelasttwodecades,Ireland’slivingstandardshavefirstincreaseddramaticallyandthentakenasuddenshockingdownturn.Therewereseriouscorruptionissuesduringtheeconomicboom,whichlargelycausedthebubblesandthefinancialcrisisafter2008.III.IrelandTodayInthelastIrelandranksamongthewealthiestcountriesintheworldintermsofGDPpercapita.AfterjoiningtheEEC,Irelandenactedaseriesofliberaleconomicpoliciesthatresultedinrapideconomicgrowth,coupledwithadramaticriseininequality.ThelabourproductivitylevelofIrelandisoneofhighestinEurope.(OECD,2012)IrelandranksamongthewealthOverthelast40years,strenuouseffortshavebeenmadebytheIrishgovernmenttotransformIrelandfromatraditionalagriculturaleconomyintoapost-industrialeconomy.DublinCityCentre:witnessingeconomicboomandsocialchangesOverthelast40years,st