Unit 3 虛擬語氣公開課一等獎(jiǎng)省優(yōu)質(zhì)課大賽獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

CollegeEnglishBook1Grammar虛擬語氣Unit31.主語從句中虛擬語氣虛擬語氣2.表語從句和同位語從句中虛擬語氣

4.if條件句中虛擬語氣

3.賓語從句中虛擬語氣

5.含蓄虛擬條件句

6.其它句型中虛擬語氣

7.Exercises

1.主語從句中虛擬語氣主語從句（慣用形式主語it來代替，結(jié)構(gòu)為Itis+形容詞/過去分詞+that...）中虛擬語氣主要取決于一些用來表示提議、命令、要求、驚異和失望等形容詞和過去分詞。其形式為：（should+）

動(dòng)詞原形。常這么用形容詞有：

appropriate,advisable,better,desirable,essential,imperative,important,insistent,natural,necessary,preferable,strange,urgent,vital等。

過去分詞有：desired,demanded,ordered,requested,suggested,recommended,required等。比如：Itisessentialthatyou（should）winthevoters’hearts.Itwassuggestedthathe（should）jointheclubactivities.

2.表語從句和同位語從句中虛擬語氣在表示提議、命令、主張、目標(biāo)和愿望等名詞后面表語從句和同位語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞要求使用虛擬語氣。其形式為：（should+）動(dòng)詞原形。

常這么用名詞有：

resolution,pray,decision,motion,suggestion,preference,proposal,advice,recommendation,desire,demand,requirement,order,necessity,request,idea等。

比如：Hegaveordersthattheguests（should）behospitablyentertained.他下令熱情款待這些客人。Hisproposalisthatwe（should）getridofthebadhabits.

3.賓語從句中虛擬語氣1）一些動(dòng)詞后所接賓語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞要求用虛擬語氣，用來表示提議、命令和要求等。其形式為：

（should+）

動(dòng)詞原形。

常這么用動(dòng)詞有：

ask（要求）,advise,determine,decide,command,insist,intend,move,prefer,propose,order,recommend,request,require,suggest,urge,demand,desire,direct等。

如：Heinsistedthatthemeeting（should）beputoff.他果斷要求推遲那個(gè)會(huì)議。Theyproposedthatalltheplans（should)）bediscussedatthemeeting.他們提議全部計(jì)劃都應(yīng)該在會(huì)上討論。

3.賓語從句中虛擬語氣2）在以it為形式賓語復(fù)合賓語從句中也能夠用虛擬語氣，其形式為：（should+）

動(dòng)詞原形。這一句型中使用形容詞（賓補(bǔ)）與主語從句中虛擬語氣所使用形容詞相同。比如：

Wethinkitadvisablethathe（should）thinkdeeplybeforeacting.我們認(rèn)為他在行動(dòng)之前好好考慮一下才是明智。

3）wish后面所跟賓語從句中表示若是可能實(shí)現(xiàn)愿望則不用虛擬語氣，反之就需要在賓語從句中使用虛擬語氣。

其主要形式有三種：表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況虛擬 wish+主語+動(dòng)詞過去式（be用were）表示對(duì)過去情況虛擬wish+主語+had+過去分詞表示對(duì)未來情況虛擬wish+主語+would+動(dòng)詞原形3.賓語從句中虛擬語氣IwishIknewwhatwasgoingtohappen.希望我能知道要發(fā)生什么事。

Shewishedshehadstayedathome.她后悔當(dāng)初不在家。

IwishIwererich.我巴不得我很有錢。

注意：在表示對(duì)過去情況虛擬時(shí)，有時(shí)也能夠用以下形式：wish+主語+would（could）+have+過去分詞IwishIcouldhaveseenherlastnight.要是我昨天晚上能夠見到她那該多好。4.if條件句中虛擬語氣

1）if非真實(shí)條件句所表示假設(shè)則是不可能或不大可能發(fā)生或?qū)崿F(xiàn)，句中主句與從句都用虛擬語氣。

在if非真實(shí)虛擬條件句中，主句和從句謂語動(dòng)詞主要有下面幾個(gè)形式：

4.if條件句中虛擬語氣

從句主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反動(dòng)詞過去式（be用were）would（should，could，might）+動(dòng)詞原形與過去事實(shí)相反had+過去分詞would（should，could,might）+have+過去分詞與未來事實(shí)相反動(dòng)詞過去式（should+動(dòng)詞原形，wereto+動(dòng)詞原形）would（should，could，might）+動(dòng)詞原形4.if條件句中虛擬語氣

比如：

Iftherewerenogravity,weshouldnotbeabletowalk.假如沒有引力，我們就不可能行走。

Iwouldn’thaveknownwhatthesewereforifIhadn’tbeentold.假如他人不告訴我，我就不知道這些東西是干什么了。

2）正式文體中，有時(shí)可把虛擬條件句中連詞if省去，而將were,had,should等助動(dòng)詞（不包含行為動(dòng)詞）提到主語前面倒裝處理。假如句中沒有were,had或should時(shí)，既不能省略if，也不能倒裝。比如：WereItomeethimtomorrow（=IfIweretomeethimtomorrow）,Ishouldaskhimaboutit.要是我明天見到他，我就會(huì)問他這件事。HadIhadthemoneylastyear（=IfIhadhadthemoneylastyear）,Iwouldhaveboughtthehouse.假如我去年有了這筆錢，我就買那所房子了。

3）時(shí)間錯(cuò)綜條件句：通常情況下，在非真實(shí)條件句中主句和從句謂語動(dòng)詞所指時(shí)間是一致，但有時(shí)也可能指不一樣時(shí)間，這時(shí)要依據(jù)上下文意思采取不一樣謂語動(dòng)詞形式。比如：

4.if條件句中虛擬語氣

IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavetakenhisadvice.我要是你，就采納他提議了。（從句指現(xiàn)在，主句指過去）Iftheweatherhadbeenmorefavorable,thecropwouldbegrowingstillbetter.假如氣候更適宜一些，莊稼會(huì)長(zhǎng)得更加好。（從句指過去，主句指現(xiàn)在）5.含蓄虛擬條件句

1）有時(shí)假設(shè)情況并不以條件從句形式表示出來，而是經(jīng)過一個(gè)介詞短語或其它方式表示。慣用詞或短語有：without,butfor,butthat,otherwise,or,but等。比如：

Withoutyourhelp（=Ifwehadnothadyourhelp）,wecouldnothavesucceeded.要是沒有你幫助，我們是不會(huì)成功。Butforelectricity（=Iftherewerenoelectricity）,therewouldbenomodernindustry.要是沒有電，就不會(huì)有當(dāng)代工業(yè)。Hewashavingameeting;otherwisehewouldhavecomeovertohelpus.他當(dāng)初正在開會(huì)，不然話他就來幫我們了。Hefeltverytiredyesterday,orhewouldhaveattendedtheparty.他昨天很累，不然他就參加那個(gè)聚會(huì)了。

5.含蓄虛擬條件句

2）在一些暗含虛擬條件簡(jiǎn)單句中，虛擬語氣可經(jīng)過上下文表現(xiàn)出來。謂語動(dòng)詞虛擬形式為：should/would+動(dòng)詞原形或should/wouldhave+動(dòng)詞過去分詞。比如：Anyleaderlikehimwouldnotbesatisfiednow.

Anymaninhispositionwouldhavedonelikethat.

任何人處于他位置都會(huì)那么做。

Youshould（oughtto）havecomeearlier.

你本應(yīng)早點(diǎn)來。

1）在asif,asthough引導(dǎo)狀語從句，其謂語用虛擬語氣。形式為：用過去式表示現(xiàn)在情況，用完成式表示過去情況。比如：Irememberitvividlyasthoughitwerehappeningtonight.這事我記得很清楚就像發(fā)生在今晚似。Ihavelovedyouasifyouweremyson.我愛你就像你是我親生兒子。HelooksasthoughhehadknownMillieforyears.他看上去就像認(rèn)識(shí)米莉好多年了。6.其它句型中虛擬語氣2）在wouldrather,wouldsooner,wouldjustassoon,mightaswell和wouldprefer等后面所跟從句中，也要用虛擬語氣，表示愿望，意為“寧愿、希望”。其形式為：①“wouldrather（wouldsooner...）+主語+謂語動(dòng)詞過去式”表示現(xiàn)在或未來情況。

②“wouldrather（wouldsooner...）+主語+謂語動(dòng)詞過去完成式”表示過去情況。比如：Iwouldratherhedidn’tgonow.要是他現(xiàn)在不走就好了。Iwouldjustassoonyouhadbeenhereyesterday.要是你昨天在這里就好了。6.其它句型中虛擬語氣3）在句型“Itis（high/about）time...”后面從句中也要求用虛擬語氣，謂語動(dòng)詞慣用過去式。有時(shí)也用“（should+）動(dòng)詞原形”，意為“該是……時(shí)候了”。比如：Itistimethattheboy（should）gotoschool.這個(gè)小孩該上學(xué)了。Itishightime（that）theweatherimproved.天氣真該好起來了。4）在“ifonly”引發(fā)感嘆句中也要求用虛擬語氣，表示愿望。

形式為：①

用過去式或“would/could+動(dòng)詞原形”表示與現(xiàn)在或未來事實(shí)相反愿望。

Ifyouwereamillionaire!6.其它句型中虛擬語氣②用過去完成式表示與過去事實(shí)相反愿望。比如：Ifonlyyouwouldlistentoouradvice.要是你聽我們提議就好了。IfonlyIhadnotbeenbusylastweek！要是上周我不忙該多好啊！

注意：ifonly也能夠用于虛擬條件句中。例IfonlyIhadmoremoney,Icouldbuyacar.要是我有更多錢，我就能夠買輛車了。

5）連接詞“incase,lest,forfearthat”后接從句中普通用虛擬語氣。其形式通常為：“...lest（incase,forfearthat）+主語+should+動(dòng)詞原形”。

lest,forfearthat后接從句中should能夠省去，incase后接從句中should通常不省去，不過incase后接從句中能夠不用虛擬語氣，而用陳說語氣。lest,forfearthat后面也能夠接其它形式。6.其它句型中虛擬語氣比如：Hetookhisraincoatwithhimincaseitshouldrain.他帶著雨衣以防下雨。IwillnotmakeanoiseforfearthatI（should/might）disturbyou.我不會(huì)做聲，以免打攪你。Caremustbetakeninusingthismethodlestoverflow（should）occur.在使用這一方法時(shí)候要慎重小心，以免發(fā)生溢流現(xiàn)象。Exercises1.Directions:

Inthisexercise,thereare15sentences.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.BDB1）Iftherewerenosteel,there_______notrains,carsorplanes.A.willbe B.wouldbeC.havebeenD.are2）IwishI_______howtooperatetheelectroniccomputernow.A.knowB.haveknownC.willknowD.knew3）Youwouldhavemadefewermistakesifyou_______morecarefully.A.dotheexercises B.haddonetheexercisesC.havedonetheexercisesD.willdotheexercisesExercises4）Amoreworkableplan_______thingsbetter;nowyouseeweareinaworsesituation.A.makesB.wouldmakeC.wouldhavemadeD.hasmade5）Thedoctororderedthatthewoundedsoldiers_______tohospitalwithoutanydelay.A.mustbesentB.willbesentC.havebeensentD.besent6）Itisstrangethatshe_______inthelastexamination.A.shouldhavefailedB.hadfailedC.failedD.fails7）Wereitnotfortheatmosphere,thestars_______seenshiningatanytimeintheday.A.canbeB.couldhavebeenC.areD.couldbeACDDExercises8）Heputhiscoatoverthesoldierlesthe_______acold.A.willcatchB.catchesC.shouldcatchD.hascaught9）Withoutair,theearth_______extremechangesintemperature.A.wouldundergoB.undergoesC.willundergoD.hasundergone10）Mysuggestionisthattheexperiment_______inanotherway.A.isdoneB.willbedoneC.hasbeendoneD.bedone11）Itistimewe_______computerstotheproductionofironandsteel.A.willapplyB.appliedC.haveappliedD.wouldhaveapplied12）Theteacherproposedthatthequestion_______discussedatonce.A.mustbeB.willbeC.isbeingD.beDCABDExercises13）_______wehadnotmadeanymistakesinthecalculations!A.ButforB.IfonlyC.LestD.Without14）Heactedasifhe_______anoldhand.A.is B.were C.hasbeenD.wouldbe15）Ifyouhadstudiedtheproblemcarefullyyesterday,you_______anydifficultynow.A.won’tfind B.wouldnothavefoundC.wouldnotfind D.havenotfoundCBBExercises2.Directions:

Ineachofthefollowingsentences,therearefourunderlinedpartswithonepartimproperlyused.Identifythatpartandputitrightinaproperform.1）Thescientistthinks

itnecessarythatalltheinventionsofABmankindmustbeusedforgood,notforbad.CD2）Thepoliticalcandidate（候選人）talked

asthoughshehas

ABCalreadybeenelectedtothepresidency.D3）“Whatwastheteacherlike?”“IfonlyIcouldknowher.”

ABCDC

shouldbe/be

C

had

Dcouldhaveknown

Exercises4）I’dratheryouwouldgobytrain,becauseIcan’tbeartheideaofAB

yourbeinginanairplanein,insuchbadweather.CD5）Hadthecasebeentried（審判）intheU.S.,theywouldhave

ABC

beenputinjailandwouldn’thavebeenhereonholidaynow.D6）ButforthescientistslikeNewton,ourspaceprogram（太空計(jì)AB劃）,thetriptothemoon,wouldnotbepossibleinthe1960s.CDD

went

A

wouldn’tbe

C

wouldn’thavebeenExercises7）IfIwereyou,Iwouldgotothefilmlastnight.ABCD8）HisproposalisthatthequestionwouldbediscussedatthenextA