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住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-國防科技大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I(帶答案詳解)(圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大小)題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題
Gluttonouswhenitcomestochocolate,Justineatsthisdecadenttreat_____.
問題1選項
A.furtively
B.fleetingly
C.voraciously
D.covertly
【答案】C
【解析】考查副詞辨析。A項“偷偷地”,B項“飛快地”,C項“貪婪地;狼吞虎咽地”,D項“偷偷摸摸地”。根據(jù)句意:一提到巧克力就饞嘴,Justin吃著這種頹廢的食物。因此只有C項符合。
2.單選題
Ifyouturnitedgewiseyou’llgetthedeskthroughthedoor.
問題1選項
A.outwards
B.forwards
C.sideways
D.inwards
【答案】C
【解析】考查副詞辨析。A項outwards“向外地”,B項forwards“向前,今后”,C項sideways“向側(cè)面地,間接地”,D項inwards“向內(nèi)地,向中心地”。句意:如果你把它斜著轉(zhuǎn),你就能把桌子穿過門。根據(jù)句意可知,edgewise在句中表示“斜著”,四個選項中與之相近的意思只有C項符合。因此,該題選擇C項。
3.單選題
NearlytwothousandyearshavepassedsinceacensusdecreedbyCaesarAugustusbecomepartofthegreateststoryevertold.Manythingshavechangedintheinterveningyears.Thehotelindustryworriesmoreaboutoverbuildingthanovercrowding,andiftheyhadtomeetanunexpectedinflux,fewinnswouldhaveamanagertoaccommodatethewearyguests.Nowitisthecensustakerthatdoesthetravelinginthefondhopethatahighlymobilepopulationwillstaylongenoughtogetagoodsampling.Methodsofgathering,recording,andevaluatinginformationhavepresumablybeenimprovedagreatdeal.AndwherethenitwasthemodestpurposeofRometoobtainasimpleheadcountasanadequatebasisforlevyingtaxes,nowbatteriesofcomplicatedstatisticalseriesfurnishedbygovernmentalagenciesandprivateorganizationsareeagerlyscannedandinterpretedbysagesandseerstogetacluetofutureevents.TheBibledoesnottellushowtheRomancensustakersmadeout,andasregardsourmoreimmediateconcern,thereliabilityofpresentdayeconomicforecasting,thereareconsiderabledifferencesofopinion.Theywereairedatthecelebrationofthe125thanniversaryoftheAmericanStatisticalAssociation.TherewasthethoughtthatbusinessforecastingmightWellbeonitswayfromanarttoascience,andsomespeakerstalkedaboutnewfangledcomputersandhigh-falutinmathematicalsystemintermsofexcitementandendearmentwhichwe,atleastinouryoungeryearswhenthesethingsmattered,wouldhaveassociatedmorereadilywiththedescriptionofafairmaiden.ButotherspointedtothedeplorablerecordofhighlyesteemedforecastsandforecasterswithabattingaveragebelowthatoftheMets,andthePresident-electoftheAssociationcautionedthat“highpoweredstatisticalmethodsareusuallyinorderwherethefactsarecrudeandinadequate,theexactcontraryofwhatcrudeandinadequatestatisticiansassume.”Welefthisbirthdaypartysomewherebetweenhopeanddespairandwiththeconviction,notreallynewlyacquired,thatproperstatisticalmethodsappliedtoascertainablefactshavetheirmeritsineconomicforecastingaslongasneitherforecasternorpublicisdeludedintomistakingthedelineationofprobabilitiesandtrendsforapredictionofcertaintiesofmathematicalexactitude.
43.TaxationinRomandaysapparentlywasbasedon______.
44.TheAmericanStatisticalAssociation______.
45.Themessagetheauthorwishesthereadertogetis______.
46The“greateststoryevertold”referredtointhepassageisthestoryof______.
問題1選項
A.wealth
B.mobility
C.population
D.censustakers
問題2選項
A.isconvertingstatisticalstudyfromanarttoascience
B.hasanexcellentrecordinbusinessforecasting
C.isneitherhopefulnorpessimistic
D.speakswithmathematicalexactitude
問題3選項
A.statisticianshavenotadvancedsincethedaysoftheRoman
B.statisticsisnotasyetascience
C.statisticianslovetheirmachine
D.computerishopeful
問題4選項
A.Christmas
B.TheMets
C.Moses
D.RomanCensusTakers
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:A
第3題:B
第4題:A
【解析】43.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“羅馬時代的稅收顯然是基于……”。文章第六句指出AndwherethenitwasthemodestpurposeofRometoobtainasimpleheadcountasanadequatebasisforlevyingtaxes(那時羅馬計算人頭作為征稅的適當(dāng)基礎(chǔ),目的很簡單)可知,羅馬時代的稅收是基于人口,C項“人口”正確。B項“流動性”是人口的特點,D項“人口普查員”是普查人口的執(zhí)行者,這兩項都不符合題干;A項“財富”沒提到。因此,該題選擇C項正確。
44.【試題答案】A
【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“美國統(tǒng)計協(xié)會……”。根據(jù)文中第六句開始講的觀點:…nowbatteriesofcomplicatedstatisticalseriesfurnishedbygovernmentalagenciesandprivateorganizationsareeagerlyscannedandinterpretedbysagesandseerstogetacluetofutureevents.TheBibledoesnottellushowtheRomancensustakersmadeout,andasregardsourmoreimmediateconcern,thereliabilityofpresentdayeconomicforecasting,thereareconsiderabledifferencesofopinion.Theywereairedatthecelebrationofthe125thanniversaryoftheAmericanStatisticalAssociation.TherewasthethoughtthatbusinessforecastingmightWellbeonitswayfromanarttoascience,andsomespeakerstalkedaboutnewfangledcomputersandhigh-falutinmathematicalsystemintermsofexcitementandendearment…(現(xiàn)在,政府機(jī)構(gòu)和私人組織的一系列復(fù)雜的統(tǒng)計數(shù)字,由智者和先知人物殷切地瀏覽和解釋以取得預(yù)先外未來事件的線索。圣經(jīng)并沒有告訴我們羅馬的人口調(diào)查員是怎么調(diào)查統(tǒng)計的。至于我們當(dāng)前更加關(guān)心的問題:目前經(jīng)濟(jì)預(yù)測的可靠性,意見分歧很大。美國統(tǒng)計協(xié)會125周年慶?;顒由?,人們在大肆宣揚這些不同觀點。有一種說法是經(jīng)濟(jì)預(yù)測可能正從文科轉(zhuǎn)向理科發(fā)展。有些人興高采烈大談新型計算機(jī)和非常高級數(shù)學(xué)系統(tǒng)……)可知,美國統(tǒng)計協(xié)會正把統(tǒng)計學(xué)從文科轉(zhuǎn)向理科發(fā)展,所以A項“正把統(tǒng)計研究從文科轉(zhuǎn)變成理科”正確。文中提到ButotherspointedtothedeplorablerecordofhighlyesteemedforecastsandforecasterswithabattingaveragebelowthatoftheMets…(但也有人指出,那些備受尊敬的預(yù)測和預(yù)測者的平均成功率還低于Mets的糟糕記錄)可知,B項“在商業(yè)預(yù)測方面有出色的記錄”不正確。C項“不樂觀也不悲觀”文章沒有提到,只提到了他們半喜半憂地離開協(xié)會。由最后一句thatproperstatisticalmethodsappliedtoascertainablefactshavetheirmeritsineconomicforecastingaslongasneitherforecasternorpublicisdeludedintomistakingthedelineationofprobabilitiesandtrendsforapredictionofcertaintiesofmathematicalexactitude.(只要預(yù)測者和公眾都不會把對概率和趨勢的描述誤認(rèn)為是具有數(shù)學(xué)精確性的確定性的預(yù)測,適用于可確定事實的恰當(dāng)統(tǒng)計方法在經(jīng)濟(jì)預(yù)測中還是有其優(yōu)點的。)可知,D項“以精確的數(shù)學(xué)說話”不正確。因此,該題選擇A項正確。
45.【試題答案】B
【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“作者希望讀者得到的信息是……”。根據(jù)文中的描述:…andthePresident-electoftheAssociationcautionedthat“highpoweredstatisticalmethodsareusuallyinorderwherethefactsarecrudeandinadequate,theexactcontraryofwhatcrudeandinadequatestatisticiansassume.”Welefthisbirthdaypartysomewherebetweenhopeanddespairandwiththeconviction,notreallynewlyacquired,thatproperstatisticalmethodsappliedtoascertainablefactshavetheirmeritsineconomicforecastingaslongasneitherforecasternorpublicisdeludedintomistakingthedelineationofprobabilitiesandtrendsforapredictionofcertaintiesofmathematicalexactitude.(連統(tǒng)計協(xié)會的主席也告誡說高能統(tǒng)計法在實際材料原始和不允許的地方一般發(fā)揮正常。這跟低級的,不合適的統(tǒng)計員所假定的正好相反。我們懷著喜憂參半的心情離開周年慶祝宴會,懷著確實不是新近才有的信念,相信只要預(yù)測者和公眾都不會把對概率和趨勢的描述誤認(rèn)為是具有數(shù)學(xué)精確性的確定性的預(yù)測,適用于可確定事實的恰當(dāng)統(tǒng)計方法在經(jīng)濟(jì)預(yù)測中還是有其優(yōu)點的。),可知只要不把對概率和趨勢的描述誤認(rèn)為是具有數(shù)學(xué)精確性的確定性預(yù)測,那么統(tǒng)計法在經(jīng)濟(jì)預(yù)測中就有它的貢獻(xiàn),從中我們可以推知,統(tǒng)計學(xué)還不是一門科學(xué)(理科),所以B項“統(tǒng)計學(xué)還不是一門科學(xué)”正確。A項“統(tǒng)計學(xué)家從羅馬時代起就沒有進(jìn)步”和C項“統(tǒng)計學(xué)家喜歡他們的計算機(jī)”沒有提到過。D項“電腦是有希望的”,文中只講了有些人懷著興高采烈的心情大講新型計算機(jī)和非常高級數(shù)學(xué)“系統(tǒng)”,暗示了計算機(jī)大有希望,但不是所有人都這樣認(rèn)為的。因此,該題選擇B項正確。
46.【試題答案】A
【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“本文中提到的‘有史以來最偉大的故事’是……的故事”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第一句話NearlytwothousandyearshavepassedsinceacensusdecreedbyCaesarAugustusbecomepartofthegreateststoryevertold.(自從凱撒奧古斯都下令進(jìn)行的人口普查成為有史以來最偉大的故事的一部分以來,已經(jīng)過去了近兩千年),其中提到了凱撒奧古斯都頒布的征稅法令,而這個故事是被基督徒稱為圣誕故事的經(jīng)文,所以這是圣誕節(jié)的故事,A項“圣誕節(jié)”正確。B項“theMets”、C項“摩西”和D項“羅馬人口普查員”都不正確。因此,該題選擇A項正確。
4.單選題
Dave’s______imaginationenableshimtotellthemostamazingandentertainingstories.
問題1選項
A.tentative
B.whimsical
C.whining
D.querulous
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項tentative“試驗性的,暫定的”,B項whimsical“古怪的,異想天開的”,C項whining是動詞whine的現(xiàn)在分詞,表示“抱怨,發(fā)牢騷”,D項querulous“易怒的,暴躁的”。由后面的enableshimtotellthemostamazingandentertainingstories(能讓他講出最令人驚奇和有趣的故事)可知,______imagination表示“異想天開的想象力”。句意:戴夫異想天開的想象力使他能講出最令人驚奇和有趣的故事。因此,該題選擇B項。
5.單選題
Simplysurvivingthoseoceancrossingsofindeterminatelength,inopencanoes,toarriveontheshoresofuninhabitedandhithertounknownislands,wasaformidableachievement.
問題1選項
A.undecided
B.uncertain
C.unacceptable
D.increasing
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項undecided“未定的,未決定的”,B項uncertain“無把握的,多變的,不確定的”,C項unacceptable“不能接受的,不受歡迎的”,D項increasing“越來越多的,漸增的”。句意:僅僅是乘著獨木舟在漫長的海上航行中幸存下來,到達(dá)無人居住的、無人知道的島嶼的海岸,就是一項了不起的成就。indeterminate在句中表示“不確定的”,四個選項中意思與之相近的是B項。因此,該題選擇B項。
6.單選題
Shewassoabsorbedinreadingthatnoisecouldnot______her.
問題1選項
A.dismiss
B.dispatch
C.disperse
D.distract
【答案】D
【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項dismiss“解散,解雇,開除”,B項dispatch“派遣,發(fā)送,迅速處理”,C項disperse“分散,使散開”,D項distract“轉(zhuǎn)移,分心”。由beabsorbedin(全神貫注于)和so…that…(如此……以至于……)可知,D項符合。句意:她全神貫注地讀書,喧鬧聲不能使她分心。因此,該題選擇D項。
7.單選題
Itisfrequentlyassumedthatthemechanizationofworkhasarevolutionaryeffectonthelivesofthepeoplewhooperatethenewmachinesandonthesocietyintowhichthemachineshavebeenintroduced.Forexample,ithasbeensuggestedthattheemploymentofwomeninindustrytookthemoutofthehousehold,theirtraditionalsphere,andfundamentallyalteredtheirpositioninsociety.Inthenineteenthcentury,whenwomenbegantoenterfactories,JulesSimon,aFrenchpolitician,warnedthatbydoingso,womenwouldgiveuptheirfemininity.FriedrichEngels,however,predictedthatwomenwouldbeliberatedfromthe“social,legal,andeconomicsubordination”ofthefamilybytechnologicaldevelopmentsthatmadepossibletherecruitmentof“thewholefemalesexintopublicindustry.”O(jiān)bserversthusdifferedconcerningthesocialdesirabilityofmechanization’seffects,buttheyagreedthatitwouldtransformwomen’slives.
Historians,particularlythoseinvestigatingthehistoryofwomen,nowseriouslyquestionthisassumptionoftransformingpower.Theyconcludethatsuchdramatictechnologicalinnovationsasthespinningjenny,thesewingmachine,thetypewriterandthevacuumcleanerhavenotresultedinequallydramaticsocialchangesinwomen’seconomicpositionorintheprevailingevaluationofwomen’swork.TheemploymentofyoungwomenintextilemillsduringtheIndustrialRevolutionwaslargelyanextensionofanolderpatternofemploymentofyoung,singlewomenasdomestics.Itwasnotthechangeinofficetechnology,butrathertheseparationofsecretarialwork,previouslyseenasanapprenticeshipforbeginningmanagers,fromadministrativeworkthatinthe1880’screatedanewclassof“dead-end”jobs,thenceforthconsidered“women’swork.”Theincreaseinthenumbersofmarriedwomenemployedoutsidethehomeinthetwentiethcenturyhadlesstodowiththemechanizationofhouseworkandanincreaseinleisuretimeforthesewomenthanitdidwiththeirowneconomicnecessityandwithhighmarriageratesthatshranktheavailablepoolofsinglewomenworkers,previously,inmanycases,theonlywomenemployerswouldhire.
Women’sworkhaschangedconsiderablyinthepast200years,movingfromthehouseholdtotheofficeorthefactory,andlaterbecomingmostlywhite-collarinsteadofblue-collarwork.Fundamentally,however,theconditionsunderwhichwomenworkhavechangedlittlesincebeforetheIndustrialRevolution:thesegregationofoccupationsbygender,lowerpayforwomenasagroup,jobsthatrequirerelativelylowlevelsofskillandofferwomenlittleopportunityforadvancementallpersist,whilewomen'shouseholdlaborremainsdemanding.Recenthistoricalinvestigationhasledtoamajorrevisionofthenotionthattechnologyisalwaysinherentlyrevolutionaryinitseffectsonsociety.Mechanizationmayevenhaveslowedanychangeinthetraditionalpositionofwomenbothinthelabormarketandinthehome.
46.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage?
47.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorwouldconsiderwhichofthefollowingtobeanindicationofafundamentalalterationintheconditionsofwomen’swork?
48.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutmanyemployersbeforethetwentiethcenturyisNOTimpliedinthepassage?
49.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthefunctionoftheconcludingsentenceofthepassage?
問題1選項
A.Theeffectsofthemechanizationofwomen’sworkhavenotborneoutthefrequentlyheldassumptionthatnewtechnologyisinherentlyrevolutionary.
B.Recentstudieshaveshownthatmechanizationrevolutionizesasociety’straditionalvaluesandthecustomaryrolesofitsmembers.
C.Mechanizationhascausedthenatureofwomen’sworktochangesincetheIndustrialRevolution.
D.Themechanizationofwomen’swork,whileextremelyrevolutionaryinitseffects,hasnot,onthewhole,hadthedeleteriouseffectsthatsomecriticshadfeared.
問題2選項
A.Statisticsshowingthatthemajorityofwomennowoccupywhite-collarpositions.
B.Interviewswithmarriedmenindicatingthattheyarenowdoingsomehouseholdtasks.
C.Surveysofthelabormarketdocumentingtherecentcreationofanewclassofjobsinelectronicsinwhichwomenworkersoutnumbermenfourtoone.
D.Censusresultsshowingthatworkingwomen’swagesandsalariesare,ontheaverage,ashighasthoseofworkingmen.
問題3選項
A.Theydidemploywomeninfactories200yearsago.
B.Theytendedtoemploysingleratherthanmarriedwomen.
C.Theyhiredwomenonlywhenqualifiedmenwerenotavailabletofilltheopenpositions.
D.Theyhiredwomentodomostofthewhite-collarwork.
問題4選項
A.Itsumsupthegeneralpointsconcerningthemechanizationofworkmadeinthepassageasawhole.
B.Itdrawsaconclusionconcerningtheeffectsofthemechanizationofworkwhichgoesbeyondtheevidencepresentedinthepassageasawhole.
C.Itrestatesthepointconcerningtechnologymadeinthesentenceimmediatelyprecedingit.
D.Itqualifiestheauthor’sagreementwithscholarswhoargueforamajorrevisionintheassessmentoftheimpactofmechanizationonsociety.
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:D
第3題:D
第4題:B
【解析】46.【試題答案】A
【試題解析】主旨大意題。文章第一句Itisfrequentlyassumedthatthemechanizationofworkhasarevolutionaryeffectonthelivesofthepeople...(人們常常認(rèn)為,工作的機(jī)械化對操作新機(jī)器的人們的生活以及機(jī)器被引入的社會有著革命性的影響),提出了人們普遍認(rèn)同的一種觀點,認(rèn)為mechanization為人們的生活和社會帶來了revolutionaryeffect,而該段最后一句提出許多觀察者不同意這種見解;之后,文章以婦女所從事工作的轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槔M(jìn)一步論證最后得出結(jié)論:Mechanizationmayevenhaveslowedanychangeinthetraditionalpositionofwomenbothinthelabormarketandinthehome.(機(jī)械化甚至可能延緩了女性在勞動力市場和家庭中的傳統(tǒng)地位的變化進(jìn)程)因此,選項A“現(xiàn)代化對婦女工作的影響證明,普遍認(rèn)同的新技術(shù)具有與生俱來的創(chuàng)新性這一說法站不住腳”最能概括文章的大意。B“最近的研究表明,機(jī)械化徹底改變了一個社會的傳統(tǒng)價值觀及其成員的習(xí)慣角色”和C“自工業(yè)革命以來,機(jī)械化使婦女工作的性質(zhì)發(fā)生了變化”兩項均與文章所持的觀點相左,而D項“婦女工作的機(jī)械化雖然在其效果上極為革命性,但總體上并沒有產(chǎn)生一些評論家所擔(dān)心的有害影響”只是文章提到的一個細(xì)節(jié),不能概括大意。
47.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意為:根據(jù)文章可推斷作者把下列哪個看作是婦女工作條件發(fā)生根本轉(zhuǎn)變的一個標(biāo)志。文章第三段前半部分是說:在過去的200年里,婦女的工作發(fā)生了很大的變化,從家庭轉(zhuǎn)移到辦公室或工廠,后來主要成為白領(lǐng)而不是藍(lán)領(lǐng)。然而,從根本上說,自工業(yè)革命前以來,婦女工作的條件幾乎沒有改變:按性別劃分職業(yè)、婦女作為一個群體的工資較低、要求相對較低的技能水平和很少為婦女提供晉升機(jī)會的工作都持續(xù)存在,而婦女的家務(wù)勞動仍然要求很高。據(jù)此,只有D項“人口普查結(jié)果顯示,職業(yè)婦女的工資和薪金平均與職業(yè)男子一樣高”,符合作者的意圖。A項“統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)顯示,現(xiàn)在大多數(shù)女性擔(dān)任白領(lǐng)職位”,B項“對已婚男性的采訪表明他們現(xiàn)在正在做一些家務(wù)”,C項“對勞動力市場的調(diào)查,記錄了最近在電子行業(yè)創(chuàng)造了一類新的工作崗位,其中女性工人的數(shù)量比男性多4:1”,均是對文意的曲解。
48.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干:以下關(guān)于二十世紀(jì)以前許多雇主的陳述中,哪一個不是在文章中暗示的?C項“只有當(dāng)合格的男性無法填補空缺職位時,他們才雇用女性”,文中并未體現(xiàn),當(dāng)選。第一段第三句Inthenineteenthcentury,whenwomenbegantoenterfactories(十九世紀(jì),婦女開始進(jìn)入工廠),可知A項“在十九世紀(jì),婦女開始進(jìn)入工廠”是正確的,不符合題意要求,排除;從第二段最后一句previously,inmanycases,theonlywomenemployerswouldhire(在這之前,在大多數(shù)情況下,單身女性是雇主唯一想雇傭的),可知B項“他們傾向于雇用單身婦女而不是已婚婦女”是正確的,排除;從第三段第一句Women’sworkhaschangedconsiderablyinthepast200years…,andlaterbecomingmostlywhite-collarinsteadofblue-collarwork(在過去的200年里,婦女的工作發(fā)生了很大的變化……,后來主要成為白領(lǐng)而不是藍(lán)領(lǐng)),由此可知,D項“他們雇用婦女來做大部分的白領(lǐng)工作”與文章內(nèi)容相符,排除。
49.【試題答案】B
【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干:以下哪一項最能描述文章結(jié)尾句的功能?找到文章結(jié)尾句Mechanizationmayevenhaveslowedanychangeinthetraditionalpositionofwomenbothinthelabormarketandinthehome.(機(jī)械化甚至可能延緩了婦女在勞動力市場和家庭中傳統(tǒng)地位變化的進(jìn)程)。我們從第一段第一句就已經(jīng)知道關(guān)于勞動機(jī)械化的一般觀點是:工作的機(jī)械化對操作新機(jī)器的人們的生活以及機(jī)器被引入的社會有著革命性的影響,所以結(jié)尾句與一般觀點不一致,因此A項“從整體上總結(jié)了文章中關(guān)于勞動機(jī)械化的一般觀點”,錯誤。B項“得出了一個結(jié)論,即工作機(jī)械化的影響超出了本文所提出的整體證據(jù)”,符合結(jié)尾句所要表達(dá)的意思;C項“它重申了它前面一句話中關(guān)于技術(shù)的觀點”,定位到它前一句話Recenthistoricalinvestigationhasledtoamajorrevisionofthenotionthattechnologyisalwaysinherentlyrevolutionaryinitseffectsonsociety(最近的歷史調(diào)查導(dǎo)致了一個重大的修正,即技術(shù)在其對社會的影響上總是具有內(nèi)在的革命性),此句是對主題句的復(fù)述,與末句不一致;D項“這證明了作者同意那些主張在機(jī)械化對社會影響的評估中進(jìn)行重大修訂的學(xué)者的觀點”,并不能從這一句話就知道作者同意那些學(xué)者的觀點。
8.單選題
Thatstudentisdiscourteous;hegrumblesnomatterhowonetriestopleasehim.
問題1選項
A.giggles
B.scolds
C.complains
D.sneers
【答案】C
【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項giggle“咯咯地笑,傻笑”,B項scold“罵,責(zé)罵”,C項complain“抱怨,控訴”,D項sneer“嘲笑,冷笑”。句意:那個學(xué)生很無禮,不管別人怎么討好他,他總是發(fā)牢騷。根據(jù)句意可知,grumble在句中表示“發(fā)牢騷”,四個選項中意思與之相近的是C項。因此,該題選擇C項。
9.單選題
Anelectricareisaluminouscurrentofelectricitythatleapsfromoneelectrodetoanother.
問題1選項
A.ludicrous
B.magnetic
C.flickering
D.glowing
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。Luminous“發(fā)光的;發(fā)亮的”。A項“不合理的;不能當(dāng)真的”,B項“磁性的;富有吸引力的”,C項“閃爍的”,D項“熱烈贊揚的;熱情洋溢的”,因此選C。句意:電流是從一個電極跳到另一個電極的發(fā)光電流。
10.單選題
Ahumanisquitea______creature,fortheglossofrationalitythatcovershisorherfearsandinsecurityisthinandofteneasilybreached.
問題1選項
A.valiant
B.alternate
C.frail
D.alleviate
【答案】C
【解析】考查詞義辨析。A項valiant“英勇的,勇敢的”,B項alternate“交替的,輪流的”,C項frail“脆弱的,虛弱的”,D項alleviate為動詞,表示“減輕;緩和”。根據(jù)句子可知for是表原因,句子的意思是“因為掩蓋恐懼和不安全感的理性外表很薄弱,并且經(jīng)常很容易被打破”,所以推知空格處表示“脆弱的”,C項符合。句意:人類是一種非常脆弱的生物,因為掩蓋恐懼和不安全感的理性外表很薄弱,并且經(jīng)常很容易被打破。因此,該題選擇C項。
11.單選題
Farmersstreamedtothewest,fillingfrontierlandswithstunningrapidity.
問題1選項
A.predictable
B.impressive
C.famous
D.gradual
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項predictable“可預(yù)言的”,B項impressive“給人以深刻印象的”,C項famous“著名的,極好的”,D項gradual“逐漸的,平緩的”。句意:農(nóng)民們涌向西部,以驚人的速度填滿了邊境土地。stunning在句中表示“驚人的”,四個選項中意思與之相近的是B項。因此,該題選擇B項。
12.單選題
Despitethe______ofherbusyafternoons—homework,carpooling,dinnerpreparation—shestrivestomaintainaninnersenseoforderandcalm.
問題1選項
A.enigma
B.turbulence
C.labyrinth
D.precariousness
【答案】B
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項enigma“謎,不可思議的東西”,B項turbulence“騷亂,動蕩,混亂”,C項labyrinth“迷宮”,D項precariousness“不安全,不穩(wěn)定”。由后面的句子shestrivestomaintainaninnersenseoforderandcalm(她努力保持內(nèi)心的秩序和平靜),結(jié)合despite(盡管)可知,“混亂”符合語境。句意:盡管下午很忙:家庭作業(yè),拼車,準(zhǔn)備晚餐,但她努力保持內(nèi)心的秩序和平靜。因此,該題選擇B項。
13.單選題
Salesmanshipistheabilitytoswaypeopletowillinglybuyproductsorsupportnewideas.
問題1選項
A.educate
B.expect
C.allow
D.persuade
【答案】D
【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項educate“教育,培養(yǎng),訓(xùn)練”,B項expect“期望,指望,認(rèn)為”,C項allow“允許,給予,認(rèn)可”,D項persuade“說服,勸說,使某人相信”。句意:推銷術(shù)是說服人們愿意購買產(chǎn)品或支持新想法的能力。sway在句中表示“說服”,四個選項中意思與之相近的是D項。因此,該題選擇D項。
14.單選題
Owingtoanacutelackoflower-incomehousing,themunicipalgovernmentisembarrassedbytheimpressinghousingissue.
問題1選項
A.urgent
B.grave
C.stressful
D.increasing
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項urgent“緊急的,急迫的”,B項grave“重大的,嚴(yán)肅的”,C項stressful“緊張的,有壓力的”,D項increasing“越來越多的,漸增的”。句意:由于低收入者住房的嚴(yán)重匱乏,市政府對于嚴(yán)重的住房問題感到為難。acute在句中表示“嚴(yán)重的”,四個選項中意思與之相近的是B項。因此,該題選擇B項。
15.單選題
Vacillatingbetweenlovingherparentsoneminuteandhatingthemthenext,shewasconfusedbythe______ofherfeelings.
問題1選項
A.agitation
B.ambivalence
C.anachronism
D.abnegation
【答案】B
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項agitation表示“激動,攪動,煽動”,B項ambivalence表示“矛盾情緒,正反感情并存”,C項anachronism表示“時代錯誤,不合潮流的人或物”,D項abnegation表示“拒絕,放棄”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息Vacillatingbetweenlovingherparentsoneminuteandhatingthemthenext(對她父母時愛時恨)可知,“矛盾情緒”符合語境。句意:她因深陷于對她父母時愛時恨的矛盾心態(tài)中而感到困惑不堪。因此,該題選擇B項正確。
16.單選題
Theword“sophism”hasanunfavorableconnotationandmeansarguingdeceitfully,attemptingtoturnapoorcaseintoagoodonebymeansofcleverbut______reasoning.
問題1選項
A.implacable
B.queer
C.fictitious
D.specious
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項implacable“不能安撫的,難和解的”,B項queer“奇怪的,異常的”,C項fictitious“虛構(gòu)的,假想的”,D項specious“似是而非的,外表美觀的”。由meansarguingdeceitfully(意思是欺騙性地辯論)和turnapoorcaseintoagoodonebymeansofcleverbut______reasoning(通過聰明但______的推理把一個糟糕的案例變成一個好案例)可知,空格處填入D項符合。句意:“詭辯”這個詞有一個不利的含義,意思是欺騙性地辯論,試圖通過聰明但似是而非的推理把一個糟糕的案例變成一個好案例。因此,該題選擇D項。
17.單選題
Inmostcasespoliticiansare______astheyseldomtellthetruth.
問題1選項
A.credible
B.credulous
C.incredulous
D.incredible
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項credible“可靠的,可信的”,B項credulous“輕信的,因輕信而產(chǎn)生的”,C項incredulous“不肯相信的,表示懷疑的”,D項incredible“不可能相信的,很難相信的”。由主語politicians(政客)和關(guān)鍵信息astheyseldomtellthetruth(因為他們很少講真話)可知,politiciansare______表示的是“政客都是不能相信的”,D項符合。句意:在大多數(shù)情況下,政客們都是難以令人相信的,因為他們很少講真話。因此,該題選擇D項。
18.單選題
Idon’tthinkhe’syetfoundhis______inlife.
問題1選項
A.field
B.track
C.aquatic
D.archaic
【答案】B
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項field“領(lǐng)域,牧場,曠野”,B項track“軌道,足跡,蹤跡”,C項aquatic“水上運動,水生植物或動物”,D項archaic為形容詞,表示“古代的,陳舊的”。由life(生活、人生)可知,C、D項可排除;把A、B項代入,只有B項最符合。句意:我覺得他還沒找到自己的人生軌跡。因此,該題選擇B項。
19.單選題
Shestilllooksweakthoughherfeversubsidedaftershetooksomemedicine.
問題1選項
A.caught
B.reduced
C.camedown
D.gotoff
【答案】C
【解析】考查詞義辨析。A項catch“抓住,感染”,B項reduce“減少,減小”,C項comedown“下來,降落,流傳下來”,D項getoff“動身,免于受罰”。句意:她吃了藥后退燒了,但看起來還是很虛弱。Subside在句中表示“消退,減退”,四個選項中意思與之相近的是C項。因此,該題選擇C項。
20.單選題
Thebuildingisagreatsuccess,______atriumph,forthedesigner.
問題1選項
A.namely
B.orrather
C.and
D.particularly
【答案】B
【解析】考查連詞辨析。A項namely“也就是,即是”,B項orrather“更精確地說,倒不如說”,C項and“和”,D項particularly“異乎尋常地,特別是”。由success(成功)和triumph(勝利)可知,這兩個意思相近,success強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果,triumph強(qiáng)調(diào)過程和動作,所以空格處填入B項更符合句子語境。句意:對于設(shè)計者來說,這座建筑是一個巨大的成功,或者更確切地說是一個勝利。因此,該題選擇B項。
21.單選題
Hisremarkswereso______thatwecouldnotdecidewhichofthepossiblemeaningswascorrect.
問題1選項
A.persuasive
B.ambiguous
C.suspicious
D.consistent
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項persuasive“有說服力的,勸誘的”,B項ambiguous“模糊不清的,模棱兩可的”,C項suspicious“可疑的,懷疑的”,D項consistent“始終如一的,一致的”。由wecouldnotdecidewhichofthepossiblemeaningswascorrect(我們無法確定哪個可能的意思是正確的)可知,B項符合。句意:他的話含糊不清,我們無法斷定哪一個意思是正確的。因此,該題選擇B項。
22.單選題
Mostpeopleconsiderthelandscapetobeunchanging,butEarthisadynamicbody,anditssurfaceiscontinuallyaltering—slowlyonthehumantimescale,butrelativelyrapidlywhencomparedtothegreatageofBarth(about4,500billionyears).Therearetwoprincipalinfluencesthatshapetheterrain:constructiveprocessessuchasuplift,whichcreatenewlandscapefeatures,anddestructiveforcessuchaserosion,whichgraduallywearawayexposedlandforms.
Hillsandmountainsareoftenregardedastheepitomeofpermanence,successfullyresistingthedestructiveforcesofnature,butinfacttheytendtoberelativelyshort-livedingeologicalterms.Asageneralrule,thehigheramountainis,themorerecentlyitwasformed;forexample,thehighmountainsoftheHimalayasareonlyabout50millionyearsold.Lowermountainstendtobeolder,andareoftentheerodedrelicsofmuchhighermountainchains.About400millionyearsago,whenthepresent-daycontinentsofNorthAmericaandEuropewerejoined,theCaledonianmountainchainwasthesamesizeasthemodernHimalayas.Today,however,therelicsoftheCaledonianorogeny(mountain-buildingperiod)existasthecomparativelylowmountainsofGreenland,thenorthernAppalachiansintheUnitedStates,theScottishHighlands,andtheNorwegiancoastalplateau.
TheEarth’scrustisthoughttobedividedintohuge,movablesegments,calledplates,whichfloatonasoftplasticlayerofrock,Somemountainswereformedasaresultoftheseplatescrashingintoeachotherandforcinguptherockattheplatemargins.Inthisprocess,sedimentaryrocksthatoriginallyformedontheseabedmaybefoldedupwardstoaltitudesofmorethan26,000feet.Othermountainsmayberaisedbyearthquakes,whichfracturetheEarth’scrustandcandisplaceenoughrocktoproduceblockmountains.Athirdtypeofmountainmaybeformedasaresultofvolcanicactivitywhichoccursinregionsofactivefoldmountainbelts,suchasintheCascadeRangeofwesternNorthAmerica.TheCascadesaremadeupoflavasandvolcanicmaterials.Manyofthepeaksareextinctvolcanoes.
Whateverthereasonformountainformation,assoonaslandrisesabovesealevelitissubjectedtodestructiveforces.Theexposedrocksareattackedbythevariousweatherprocessesandgraduallybrokendownintofragments,whicharethencarriedawayandlaterdepositedassediments.Thus,anylandscaperepresentsonlyatemporarystageinthecontinuousbattlebetweentheforcesofupliftandthoseoferosion.
Theweather,initsmanyforms,isthemainagentoferosion.Rainwashesawayloosesoilandpenetratescracksintherocks.Carbondioxideintheairreactswiththerainwater,formingaweakacid(carbonicacid)thatmaychemicallyattacktherocks.Therainseepsundergroundandthewatermanyreappearlaterassprings.Thesespringsarethesourcesofstreamsandrivers,whichcutthroughtherocksandcarryawaydebrisfromthemountainstothelowlands.
Underverycoldconditions,rockscanbeshatteredbyiceandfrost.Glaciersmayforminpermanentlycoldareas,andtheseslowlymovingmassesoficecutoutvalleys,carryingwiththemhugequantitiesoferodedrockdebris.Indryareasthewindistheprincipalagentoferosion.Itcriesfineparticlesofsand,whichbombardexposedrocksurfaces,therebywearingthemintoyetmoresand.Evenlivingthingscontributetotheformationoflandscapes.Treerootsforcetheirwayintocracksinrocksand,insodoing,speedtheirslitting.Incontrast,therootsofgrassesandothersmallplantsmayhelptoholdloosesoilfragmentstogether,therebyhelpingtopreventerosionbythewind.
50.Accordingtoparagraph1,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofchangesinEarth’slandscape?
51.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromparagraph2aboutthemountainsoftheHimalayas?
52.Theword“relics”inparagraph2isclosestinmeaningto______.
53.WhydoestheauthormentionCarbondioxideinthepassage?
問題1選項
A.Theyoccurmoreoftenbyupliftthanbyerosion.
B.Theyoccuronlyatspecialtimes.
C.Theyoccurlessfrequentlynowthantheyoncedid.
D.Theyoccurquicklyingeologicalterms.
問題2選項
A.Theircurrentheightisnotanindicationoftheirage.
B.Atpresent,theyaremuchhigherthanthemountainsoftheCaledonianrange.
C.Theywereauniformheightabout400millionyearsago.
D.TheyarenotashighastheCaledonianmountainswere400millionyearsago.
問題3選項
A.resemblances
B.regions
C.remains
D.restorations
問題4選項
A.Toexplaintheoriginofachemicalthatcaneroderocks.
B.Tocontrastcarbondioxidewithcarbonicacid.
C.Togiveanexampleofhowrainwaterpenetratessoil.
D.Toargueforthedesirabilityofpreventingerosion.
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:B
第3題:C
第4題:A
【解析】50.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“根據(jù)第一段,關(guān)于地球景觀的變化,下列哪項陳述是正確的?”。根據(jù)第一段第一句中的anditssurfaceiscontinuallyaltering—slowlyonthehumantimescale,butrelativelyrapidlywhencomparedtothegreatageofBarth(about4,500billionyears)(地球的外貌在人類文明進(jìn)程中一直保持著持續(xù)緩慢的變化,但是與大約4500億年前的冰河時代的地貌變化相比,這個進(jìn)程的確快了很多)可知,地球景觀從地質(zhì)上來說,變化的還是比較快的,所以D項“從地質(zhì)學(xué)的角度上來看,它們變化得很快”正確。根據(jù)第一段最后一句Therearetwoprincipalinfluencesthatshapetheterrain:constructiveprocessessuchasuplift,whichcreatenewlandscapefeatures,anddestructiveforcessuchaserosion,whichgraduallywearawayexposedlandforms.(塑造地形的主要影響因素有兩種:一種是建設(shè)過程,如隆起,產(chǎn)生新的景觀特征;另一種是破壞性力量,如侵蝕,逐漸磨損裸露的地形。)可知,A項“它們通常是由地殼隆起而不是由地殼侵蝕產(chǎn)生的”錯誤。B項“他們只發(fā)生在特殊的時間”和C項“它們發(fā)生的頻率比以前少”在第一段沒有提到。因此,該題選擇D項正確。
51.【試題答案】B
【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“從第二段可以推斷出關(guān)于喜馬拉雅山脈的下列哪項?”。根據(jù)第二段中的Lowermountainstendtobeolder…About400millionyearsago,whenthepresent-daycontinentsofNorthAmericaandEuropewerejoined,theCaledonianmountainchainwasth
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