高考英語語法非謂語動詞教學(xué)案

高中高考英語語法非謂語動詞精選精選教教案高中高考英語語法非謂語動詞精選精選教教案高中高考英語語法非謂語動詞精選精選教教案語法復(fù)習(xí)專題非謂語動詞語法功能名稱形式主語賓語賓語補表語定語狀語足語todo/tobedone√√√√√√不定式tobedoing√(經(jīng)常)√tohave(been)done√√動名詞doing√√√√doing√√√√現(xiàn)在分詞having(been)done√(動作完成)過去分詞done√√√√可取代havingbeendone看法：在句中不充當(dāng)謂語角色的動詞形式，它的劃分有兩種標準（一）：不定式；分詞（過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞）；動名詞（二）：不定式；v-ing.形式；過去分詞.一、考點聚焦1、非謂語動詞的句法功能2、動詞不定式復(fù)習(xí)中應(yīng)注意的幾個問題（1）不定式作表語與“be+todosth.”的異同。不定式作表語說明主語的內(nèi)容或性質(zhì)。Hisjobistoguard.(說明內(nèi)容)Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,＿＿＿＿＿itmoredifficult.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmakeHavingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains________whethertheywillenjoyit.A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seenbe+todosth.(表示按計劃要做的事，或必然發(fā)生的，或表示命令等口吻)翻譯:這項計劃得提前三天完成.（2）帶不定式作賓語的詞語，構(gòu)成v.+todo形式。以下詞語常不定式作賓語：afford、promise、refuse、expect、hope、learn、offer、wish、want、fail、plan、agree、forget、like、prefer、decide、manage、try、arrange、determine、desire等。Weagreedherebutsofarshehasn'tturnedupyet.A.havingmetC.tomeetD.tohavemetIdon’tknowwhetheryouhappen,butI’mgoingtostudyintheU.S.A.thisSeptember(2004.高考遼寧卷)A．tobeheardB．tobehearingC．tohearD．tohaveheard以下動詞后可接疑問詞+不定式，構(gòu)成decidewhattodo..,wonderhowtodealwithsth.等形式：teach、decide、wonder、show、learn、forget、ask、find、out、advise、discuss等。示例:1).I'veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat________inmynewjob.A．expectedB．toexpectC．tobeexpectingD．expects2).ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows________.A.itwhattodowith

B.whattodoitwithC.whattodowithitD.todowhatwithit3).Themotherdidn'tknow___toblameforthebrokenglassasithappenedwhileshewasout.A.whoB.whenC.howD.what（3）如何理解和使用不定式作賓補。①動詞see、watch、notice、hear、listento、observe、feel、taste、smell、make、let、have等的賓補用動詞原形，變被動時要加to,此時的不定式就是主語補足語。Pauldoesn'thavetobemade.Healwaysworkshard.B.tolearn②常用帶to不定式作賓補的情況：主語+ask/require/tell/order/force/get/want/like/advise/allow/cause/consider/encourage/forbid/force/intend/order/permit/persuade/remind/request/require/urge/warn/ask/wish+sb.todo.sth.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donottoThepatientwaswarnedoilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteatingMyadvisorencouraged___asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.A.formetakingB.metakingC.formetotakeD.metotake③主語+think/judge/suppose/believe/consider/imagine/consider+sb.+tobe/tobedoing/tohavedone注意：不定式的一般式、進行式以及完成式做賓語補足語的差別，同時要動語態(tài)的使用。

注意不定式被CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered____thefirstcomputer.A.tohaveinventedB.inventingC.toinventD.havinginventedRobertissaid________abroad.butIdon'tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC．tobestudyingD．tohavebeenstudying④主語+callon/upon/dependon/waitfor/askfor+sb.+todosth.（4）不定式作定語的特別用法。①以下詞語后常接不定式作定語：chance、wish、right、courage、need、promise、time、opportunity、way、thefirst、thesecond、thelast、theonly等。Ihave______________________(一個出國留學(xué)的機遇)。Heis_________________(第一個上學(xué)的)and__________________(最后一個離校的)②不定式作定語和所修飾的名詞在邏輯上有主謂關(guān)系。Thereisnoonetolookafterher.③不定式與被修飾的名詞在邏輯上有動賓關(guān)系

。Sheisnowlookingforaroomtolivein.（5）不定式作狀語的用法。不定式作狀語，修飾動詞，在句中表示目的、結(jié)果、原因。

onlytodo表示出乎不測的結(jié)．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．果。．．Tosleepwell,Iturnedoffthealarmclock.Wehurriedtotheclassroomonlytofindnonethere.inorder(not)to,soas(not)to用來引目的狀,enoughto,so?astodo,such+do作果狀，如:Thegirlwasso．．．．．．．．．．．．．kindastohelptheoldmanoffthebus.I’mnotsuchafoolastobelievethat.Youweresillynot____yourcar.(2004高考湖南卷)A.tolockB.tohavelockedC.lockingD.havinglockedHelenhadtoshout_____abovethesoundofthemusic.(2004高考廣西卷)A.makingherselfhearB.tomakeherselfhearC.makingherselfheardD.tomakeherselfheard

名?

asto6）不定式的完成的特別用法。①表示不定式中生的作先于主句的出的作。Thenovelwassaidtohavebeenpublished.Iregrettohavebeenwithyouforsomanyyears.seem、appear、besaid、besupposed、bebelieved、bethought、beknown、bereported等常用于上面句型。CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered____thefirstcomputer.A.tohaveinventedB.inventingC.toinventD.havinginventedRobertissaid________abroad.butIdon'tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC．tobestudyingD．tohavebeenstudying其他，glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed后也接完成，但要注意與一般的區(qū)。I’msorry___________________foraminute.不起，稍等。（未等）I’msorry_______________________forsolong.不起，你久等了。（已等了許久）②不定式的完成可表示“去本想做某事但未做”的虛氣。（A）shouldliketo/wouldliketo/wouldloveto+不定式的完成。（B）was/wereto+不定式的完成，表示做某事或想做但未。（C）expect/hope/mean/promise/suppose/think/want/wish+未曾的夢想。注意：表示“去本想做某事但未做”的虛氣可以用：

不定式完成，表示去was/weregoingtodo或was/wereabouttoIwouldloveto_______thepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone-Alice,whydidn'tyoucomeyesterday?-I______,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.A.hadB.wouldC.wasgoingtoD.did7）不定式的省略。①同一構(gòu)并列由and或or接。Iwanttofinishmyhomeworkand(to)gohome.I’mreallypuzzledwhattothinkor(to)say.特例：Tobeornottobe,thisisaquestion.Heisbettertolaughthantocry.(表示比)②不定式作表，其前面的主從句中含有do，后邊的to省略。Whathedidwas(to)losethegame.③句中含有do，but、except、besides、suchas等后邊to可省略。即“前有to”。Don’tdoanythingsilly,suchasmarryhim.比：havenothingtodobutdo/havenothingbuttodohavenochoicebuttodo/can’t(help)butdo④主句含有不定式，后邊有ratherthan,ratherthan后省to。Ratherthan______onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefersabicycle.A.ride;rideB.riding;rideC.ride;torideD.toride;ridingWhynot、hadbetter、wouldrather、can’tbut等后省to。如：Hecouldnotbutwalkhome.8）不定式的取代。多用在同一句或系密的中，了防備重復(fù)，作或主，的不定式再次出，to后的內(nèi)容常承前省略（只保留to即可）。但若是承前省略的不定式有助用的．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．或be任何形式，后保留原形be或have。如：．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．

do,后省have．．．．Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donottoSusanisnotwhatsheusedtobe.—Youcamelatelastnight.Yououghttohavefinishedyourhomework.—IknowIoughttohave.常的有：I’dlike/love/behappyto.3、名復(fù)中注意的幾個（1）名作。①以下后只能接名：suggest,finish,avoid,stop,can’thelp,mind,enjoy,require,practise,miss,escape,pardon,advise,consider,imagine,keep,appreciate,escape,permit。②以下短接名：leaveoff,putoff,giveup,lookforwardto,feellike,havetrouble/difficulty(in)doingsth.devoteto,getusedto,payattentionto,befondof,beworth。③介后要接名。whatabout、howabout、without、befondof、begoodat等介后接名。注意on/upondoingsth.=assoonas引的從中。作此意on/upon后也可以接名。如onhisarrival。?④名作和不定式作的區(qū)：begin,start,continue,like,love,dislike,hate,prefer,can’tstand例句剖析Itbegantorain.Itbeganraining.Itwasbeginningtosnow.Ilovelying(tolie)onmyback.Ilikelisteningtomusic,buttodayIdonIdon’tprefertoswimintherivernow.

意思無差別，但謂語動詞用進行時，后邊只跟不定式。表示一種傾向多接動名詞作賓語，若是’tliketo表.示某一特定的或詳盡的行動，多接不定式。remember,forget,regret,try例句Iremembertomeetheratthestation.Irememberseeingheroncesomewhere.Iforgotgivingittoyouyesterday.Iforgottotellyouaboutit.Nowhereitis.Iregretnothavingworkinghard.Iregrettohearofyoursister’sdeath.Tryknockingatthebackdoor.Wemusttrytogeteverythingready.Thatwillmeanfloodingsomeland.IhadmeanttogoonMonday.want,require,need,demand,request例句Thesedesksneedrepairing.Thesedesksneedtoberepaired.ThepatientrequiredexaminedThepatientrequiredtobeexamined.

剖析1.remembertodosth.住要做的事rememberdoingsth.回去生的事2.forgettodosth.忘要做的事forgetdoingsth.忘做的事3.regrettodosth.將要做的事對不起regretdoingsth.生的事后悔4.trytodosth.法??，trydoingsth.看，一5.meantodosth.打看作??，想要meandoingsth.意味著，就是剖析1.needdoing需要被做needtobedone需要被做wantdoingwanttobedonerequiredoingrequiretobedone—Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.—Well,nowIregretthat.A.todoB.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone—Imustapologizefor______aheadoftime.—That'sallright.A.lettingyounotknowB.notlettingyouknowC.lettingyouknownotD.lettingnotyouknowVictorapologizedfor_____toinformmeofthechangeintheplan.(2004上海)A.hisbeingnotableB.himnottobeableC.hisnotbeingableD.himtobenotableOnelearnsalanguagebymakingmistakesand_______them.(20XX年春季高考)D.tocorrect4、分詞復(fù)習(xí)應(yīng)注意的幾個問題（1）現(xiàn)在分詞在句中作時間、原因、陪同、條件、結(jié)果等狀語。．．．．．．．．．．．．．．①時間狀語（分詞作狀語前面可加when,while等）Hearingthegoodnews,hejumpedwithgreatjoy.做時間狀語的分詞，可以改成時間連詞連接的主從句，如上面兩句可以改成：_______________________________________________________________suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.Suffered_____inthequeueforhalfanhour,Tomsuddenlyrealizedthathehadlefthiswalletathome.A.TowaitB.HavewaitedC.HavingwaitedD.TohavewaitedTheoldman,____________abroadfortwentyyears,isonthewaybacktohismotherland.(2004考江卷)A.toworkB.workingC.tohaveworkedD.havingworked

高②原因狀Seeingnobodyathome,hedecidedtoleavethemanoteNothavingfinishedherworkintime,thebossfiredher.做原因狀的分，可以改成原因接的主從句，如上句可以改成：__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________③陪同狀Thegirlscamein,followingtheirparents.Suddenly,atallmandrivingagoldencarriage________thegirlandtookheraway,________intothewoods.A.seizing...,disappearedB.seized...,disappearedC.seizing?,disappearingD.seized...,disappearing"Can'tyoureadit?"Marysaid____tothenotice.A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointingThevisitingMinisterexpressedhissatisfactionwiththetalks,______thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere.A.havingaddedB.toadd④果狀Thepooroldmandied,leavingnothingtohischildren.分次做陪同狀和果狀可以依照意思改成由and或or接的并列句或改成非限制性定從句.如③可改成__________________________________________or__________________________________________如④可改成___________________________________________or___________________________________________Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,_____itthemostpopularsportintheworld.D.tomake注意：在分作狀的幾個特點。①性。與同生，用一般，如生．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．在作從前用完成式having(been)done。②性。與句子的主之的關(guān)系，是主．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．關(guān)系或關(guān)系。依照的“主用在分，被用去分”。③人稱一致性。分的主就是句子的主。⑤定WhenIgotbackhomeIsawamessagepinnedtothedoor＿＿＿＿＿

"Sorrytomissyou

；

willcalllater."

C.toread

D.readingThepicture_________onthewallispaintedbymynephew.(2000

年春季高考

)A.havinghungD.beinghung2）分詞作表語。S.+be/get/系動詞+動詞-ed表示被動，主語是人；S.+be+動詞-ing表示主動，主語是物。S.+be/系動詞+todo/tobedoneAswejoinedthebigcrowdIgot______frommyfriends.A.separatedB.sparedC.lostD.missedSarah,hurryup.I'mafraidyoucan’thavetimeto______beforetheparty.A.getchangedB.getchangeC.getchangingD.gettochangeThepilotaskedallthepassengersonboardtoremain________astheplanewasmakingalanding.(2004上海)A.seatB.seatingC.seatedD.tobeseatingHavingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains________whethertheywillenjoyit.A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen5、復(fù)習(xí)過去分詞應(yīng)注意的幾個問題過去分詞作狀語，相當(dāng)于一個狀語從句，用來說明原因、時間、條件等。（1）過去分詞作原因狀語Tiredbythetrip,hesoonfeelasleep.=___________________________,hought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.Tolosebythebeautyofnature,thegirlfromLondondecidedtospendanothertwodaysonthefarm.(2004高考遼寧卷)C．TobeattractedD．HavingattractedA．AttractingB．Attracted（2）作時間狀語Seenfromthehill,thecitylookslikeagarden.=When(thecityis)seenfromthehill,itlookslikeagarden.（3）作條件狀語Givenmoretime,Iwouldhaveworkedouttheproblem.=________________________,Iwouldhaveworkedouttheproblem.Givenmoretime,IwilldobetterthanTom=________________________,IwilldobetterthanTomTheresearchissodesignedthatonce________nothingcanbedonetochangeit.A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begunwiththesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggestoceandoesnotseembigatall.(2004

高考湖北卷)A．Compare

B．Whencomparing

C．Comparing

D．Whencompared（4）陪同狀語Theteachercamein,followedbysomestudents.=Theteachercameinandwasfollowedbysomestudents.Afterhisjourneyfrontabroad,RichardJonesreturnedhome,_____A.exhaustingB.exhaustedC.beingexhaustedD.havingexhausted分詞短語作狀語時，平時與主句中的主語在邏輯上一致，但有時它也可以有自己獨立的邏輯上的主語，這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Hergrandfatherbeingill,shehadtostayathomelookingafterhim.=___________________________,shehadtostayathomelookingafterhim.Timepermitting,wewillbringinmoremoney.=_______________________,wewillbringinmoremoney.Homework(havingbeen)finished,Tomispla