英美概況(美國(guó))3課件

ChapterThree

DiscoveryandColonizationoftheNewWorld

Wewillexplore:AboutAmericanNativesOceanVoyagestotheNewWorldColonizationoftheNewWorldFeaturesofthe13EnglishColoniesAboutAmericanNativesPre-Columbianperiod/IndianPeriodColonizationperiod

20,000yearsagoviaBeringlandbridge,fromSiberiatoAlaskafullydevelopedcivilizationscruellytreatedsharpdecreaseinpopulationMayaCivilizationMesoamericancivilization

Mysteriouscollapse

writtenlanguage&artmathematical&astronomicalsystems

Architecture&greatcitiesRenaissance

Aculturalmovementthatspannedroughlythe14thtothe17thcentury,beginninginFlorenceintheLateMiddleAgesandlaterspreadingtotherestofEuropeIncludedaresurgenceoflearningbasedonclassicalsources,thedevelopmentoflinearperspectiveinpainting,andgradualbutwidespreadeducationalreform.AbridgebetweentheMiddleAgesandtheModernera.CharacteristicsofRenaissance

Humanismpoetry,grammar,history,moralphilosophy,rhetoric"thegeniusofman

...theuniqueandextraordinaryabilityofthehumanmind."Artshighlyrealisticlinearperspectiveareneweddesiretodepictthebeautyofnature

Science

a"scientificrevolution"heraldingthebeginningofthemodernagescientificmethodsfocusonempiricalevidenceSelf-awareness

OceanVoyagestotheNewWorld

1492ChristopherColumbus[Spain]CentralNorthAmerica

1534JacquesCartie[French]CanadianAtlanticprovinces1499AmerigoVespucci[Spain]SouthAmerica1497-98JohnCabot[England]thecoastofNorthAmerica1519FerdinandMagellan[Spain]thetipofSouthAmerica1.WhendidtheboatMayflowerleaveEngland?2.Howmanypeoplewerethereintheship?3.Howmanyadultsandhowmanychildren?4.SomeofthepeoplewerewhatwenowcallthePilgrims.What’stheirpurposetogototheNewWorld?5.Whatwasthepurposeoftheothermen?6.PilgrimsandtheEnglishmerchantssignedacontract.Whatwasthecontentofthecontract?13.Howmanypeoplesurvivedatlast?14.Somepeoplewantedtogoback,whathappenedthen?15.Whathappenedinthislandinthepast?16.EnglishmenaskedIndianstohelpthemtostay.WhatdidIndiansteachthem?17.TheIndianchiefcametothesettlementsoftheEnglishmen.Whatdidtheydo?18.Whichholidaydidtheycelebrateattheend?6.PilgrimsandtheEnglishmerchantssignedacontract.Whatwasthecontentofthecontract?TheEnglishmerchantsfinancedthetrip.Andthetwopartieswouldsharetheprofitaftertheirsettlement.7.Whendidtheshipdoitsfirstlandingandwhere?

OnNovember11,1620,inProvinceTownHarbor

8.Peopleontheshipsignedahistoricalagreement?Whatwasit?

MayflowerCompact9.Howmanysurvivedatthetimeoffirstlanding?101,twodiedinthetripandababyborn

10.Whatwastheirsituationafterthefirstlanding?therewasnoplacetolive,andpeopleintheshipfellill.TheywantedtofindIndianstohelpthembuttonoavail.

11.TheylefttheharborandsailedtoPlymouthinNovember16.Whatmiracledidtheyfind?MostofthelandwereclearedbutnotIndiansinsight.

12.Theysettleddown,buttragedyhappened.Whatkindoftragedy?

Halfoftheadultsweredying.13.Howmanypeoplesurvivedatlast?

20adultsand30children14.Somepeoplewantedtogoback,whathappenedthen?AmannamedSomosatcameandsaid,“Mypeoplewelcomeyoutoourland.”HewasanIndianbutcouldspokeEnglish.

15.Whathappenedinthislandinthepast?Thelandbelongedtoanothertribebut4yearsagoanepidemickilledallthepeopleexceptonewiththenameSquato.16.EnglishmenaskedSquatotohelpthemtostay.WhatdidSquatoteachthem?

Catchfishandplantcorn.17.IndianchiefcametothesettlementsoftheEnglishmen.Whatdidtheydo?

Theysignedatreatyoffriendship.Structuresof13Colonies

Politicalstructure

Economicsystem

Socialstructure

PoliticalstructuregovernorstwolegislativebodiesTheupperhouse/councilThelowerhouse☆Royalcolonies:appointedbytheKingorQueenofEngland☆Proprietarycolonies:appointedbyproprietors☆Self-governingcolonies:chosenby