英語口譯基礎教程1.interpretingcourse市公開課金獎市賽課一等獎課件

INTERPRETING

第1頁UnitOneAGeneralIntroductionToday’sMainTeachingContent1.Ageneralintroductiontointerpreting2.Ageneralintroductiontothiscourseandtherequirementsofthecourse3.AgeneralintroductiontointerpretingtestsinChina第2頁1.IntroductiontoInterpretingCourse

Tothinkabout:1)whatistranslation?2)whatisinterpretation?3)what'sthedifferencebetweenthem?(Comparedwithtranslation,whatisthedifficultyininterpreting?)第3頁Similaritiesanddissimilaritiesbetweentranslatingandinterpreting

1)Intermsofmedium&workingenvironment&timelimit:

TranslationInterpreting

writtenoralfairlyrelaxingonthespot

hascertaintimelimitsspontaneous

第4頁2)

Intermsof

processa.Similarities:input→comprehension→output

b.Differences:*Interpreting:

receiveinformation→decode→

memorize→encode→expression*Translating:input→comprehension→(output)expression→checking第5頁3)

Intermsofcriteriaa.Similarities:

afaithfulreproductioninnaturalTL.

b.Differences:

Interpreting:accuracyandfluency

Translation:faithfulness,smoothness

andgracefulness

第6頁4)Intermsoftherequirementsoftranslatorsandinterpretersa.Similarities:*Languageskills*Encyclopedicknowledge*Knowledgerelatingtothesubjectmatter*Cross-culturalawareness*Strongsenseofresponsibilityandgoodprofessionalethics

第7頁b.DissimilaritiesTheOtherBasicRequirementsforInterpreters

(1)Acutehearing(tograspthemeaning)(2)Agoodcommandofidioms,slangandproverbs,aswellasregister&appropriateness.(3)Phoneticcompetence(accent,intonation,stressandrhythms)&publicspeakingskills(4)Outstandingmemoryandnote-takingability(5)psychologicalcompetence:

quick-witted,calm,resourceful(avoidpanicandstagefright)

第8頁Interpreter’sknowledgestructureKI=KL+EK+S(P+AP)譯員應該掌握知識=雙語知識+百科知識+技能(職業(yè)口譯技能+藝術表示技能)

KI=KnowledgeRequiredforanInterpreter

KL=Knowledgeforlanguage

EK=EncyclopedicKnowledge

S（P+AP）=ProfessionalInterpretingSkillsandArtisticPresentationSkills第9頁2.AnIntroductiontoInterpreting

2.1TheDefinitionofInterpretingInterpretingiswhereaninterpretertakesaspokenmessageinonelanguageandrepeatsitinanother.

第10頁2.2TheTypesofInterpreting1)Intermsofform:consecutiveinterpretation,simultaneousinterpretation,sightinterpretationDifferences第11頁Atpresent,only10-15%ofinterpretingintheUNandEUandgeneralinternationalconferenceisdoneinCI.InCI,sincetheinterpreterdoesnotstartinterpretinguntiltheoriginalspeakerhasstopped,theinterpreterhastimetoanalyzethemessageasawhole.therefore,ahigherstandardofaccuracy,completenessandlogiccanbeaccomplished.第12頁2)Intermsofcontent:導游口譯(guideinterpretation)禮儀口譯(ceremonyinterpretation)宣傳口譯(informationinterpretation)會議口譯(conferenceinterpretation)談判口譯(negotiationinterpretation)3)Intermsofways:單向口譯(one-wayinterpretation)雙向口譯(two-wayinterpretation)第13頁ABriefhistoryofconferenceinterpretingasamodernprofessionTheoldestandyoungestprofession.Twohistoricaleventsstimulatedthedevelopmentoftheprofession.

TheParisPeaceConferenceof1919; TheNurembergTrialsofNaziwarcriminalsin1945–46.第14頁Thesymbolsoftheformalestablishmentofconferenceinterpretationasaprofession:

Thefirstinterpretingschoolwassetupin1950inGeneva,Switzerland; AIIC,theInternationalAssociationofConferenceInterpreters,wasfoundedonNov.11,1953withitsSecretariatinGeneva.第15頁Interpreting,asaninternationallyrecognizedprofession,begantotakeshapeonlyaroundtheturnofthetwentiethcentury.Chronologically,ConsecutiveInterpreting(CI)antedatesSimultaneousInterpreting(SI).TheParisPeaceConferenceof1919wasconventionallycitedasconsecutiveinterpretingofficialdebut.BetweenthetwoWorldWars,consecutiveinterpretinghadpredominantstatus.第16頁ThefirstattempttointroduceSIwasmadeshortlybeforetheSecondWorldWar.SIwasfirstpatentedasatechniquebyIBMin1926,anditsfirstimplementation(inwhisperform)wasatGenevainatentativeformin1927and,onalargerscale,intheformerUSSRin1928fortheSixthCongressofComintern.However,itwasduringtheNurembergtrialsoftheNaziwarcriminals,whichwereconductedinEnglish,French,Russian,andGermanthatrealfull-scalesimultaneousinterpretationswasfirstused.From1947onward,simultaneousinterpretationhadcometostayattheUnitedNations.第17頁IntheyearsaftertheSecondWorldWar,withtheestablishmentoftheUnitedNations(UN),EuropeanUnion(EU),OrganizationofEconomicCooperationandDevelopment(OECD)andmanyotherinternationalorgans,therewasagrowingneedfornewinterpreterstojointheranksofthefirstgenerationofhighlyskilledbutuntrainedconferenceinterpreters.第18頁IntheheadquartersoftheEUinLuxembourgandBrussels,mostofthemeetingroomsarefacilitatedwithelevenboothsforelevenlanguages(English,French,Spanish,Italian,German,Greek,Dutch,Portuguese,Finnish,SwedishandDanish).TheOfficiallanguagesoftheUnitedNationsarethesixlanguagesthatareusedinUNmeetings,andinwhichallofficialUNdocumentsarewritten,including:Arabic,Chinese,English,French,Russian,SpanishSeveraltraininginstitutionswerefoundedinEurope.Sincethenthetraininginstitutionsforconferenceinterpreterhavesprungallovertheworld.第19頁Theearliestestablishmentof“interpretingofficials“inChinagoesasfarbackastheZhouDynasty(1100--770BC).Accordingtowrittenrecords,therewasanofficialpostcalled“寄”,“象”,“譯”and“象胥首”,“重譯”and“舌人”respectivelyintheeastern,western,southernandnorthernpartofChina.Theseinterpretingofficialshad,atthattime,dualfunction:interpretingforinternalandexternalpurposes.Theinternalpurposereferredtotheinterpretingactivitiesbetweenthecentralimperialgovernmentandthevariousethnicnationalities,whiletheexternalpurposewasforcommunicationbetweenthecentralimperialgovernmentanditsneighboringstates.第20頁Theoralformoftranslationcameintobeingearlierthanthewrittentranslation,whichappearedinancientChinaintheSpringandAutumnperiod(770–476BC).However,regardingthetrainingofconferenceinterpreters,Chinaisarelativelynewcomer;thePeople'sRepublicofChinadidnotstartuntilthelate1970s.ThefirstsuchprogrammebeganinBeijingafterChinawasacceptedasworkinglanguageoftheUN.第21頁TheprofessionofconferenceinterpretingwasformallyintroducedintoChinawiththeestablishmentoftheUnitedNationsTrainingProgrammeforInterpretersandTranslatorsin1979.SetupasajointprojectbetweentheUNandtheChinesegovernmenttotrainprofessionalsfortheUnitedNations,theprogrammeturnedout98interpreters(outof217graduates),manyofwhomarenowworkingfortheUNandotherinternationalorganisations,somefortheChinesegovernment,andafewasfull-timefreelances.第22頁In1994,theUNprogrammewasreconstitutedastheGraduateSchoolofTranslationandInterpretationofBeijingForeignStudiesUniversity(“BeiWai“).Itcontinuestoofferatwo-yearcourseofprofessionaltraininginconferenceinterpretingattheMAlevel,butitsgraduates(32inconferenceinterpretingoutof57todate)arenowresponsibleforsecuringtheirownemployment.Mostbecomestaffinterpretersorofficersingovernmentministriesandagencies,withaminoritytakingpositionsintheprivatesector;itisstillrareforagraduatetogofreelance.第23頁Todate,themajorityofChina'sprofessionalinterpretershavebeentrainedatBeiWai,butthesemakeuponlyafractionofthelargenumberofpractitioners,includinggovernmentofficersandcorporatepersonnelwhoperforminterpretationduties.第24頁Nowasweareapproachingthe21stcentury,theglobalizationoftheworldeconomyhasbecomeanirreversibletrend.

Economicactivitiessuchasinvestment,banking,businessandtradeareincreasingrapidly,thetransformationofscienceandtechnologyandthetrainingofpersonnelcontinueapace,andinternationalexchangesinpolitics,foreignaffairsandcultureareflourishing.Allofthesewouldbeimpossiblewithouttheinvolvementofinterpretersandtranslators.Furthermore,withtheimplementationofeconomicreformanditsopeninguppolicy,China'sdemandforqualifiedinterpretersandtranslatorshasbecomeallthemoreurgent.第25頁當前，國內僅有北京外國語大學、上海外國語大學高級翻譯學院，廈門大學、大連外國語學院、廣東外語外貿大學等為數(shù)不多高校開設有同聲傳譯專業(yè)培訓班，同時，對外經濟貿易大學也與歐盟聯(lián)合辦起了同聲翻譯班。不過，同聲傳譯人才問題仍不能得到處理，尤其是缺乏具備AIIC這種尖端傳譯人才。伴隨我國加入WTO，與各國貿易往來愈加親密，各種國際會議日益增多，加上一些新聞媒體在做與外語相關活動時也時常需要同聲傳譯。這一切表明，同聲傳譯是一個含有巨大潛力新興行業(yè)。第26頁翻譯碩士-概況為了適應我國改革開放和社會主義當代化建設事業(yè)發(fā)展需要，促進中外交流，培養(yǎng)高層次、應用型翻譯專門人才，國務院學位委員會于1月13日第23次會議審議經過設置翻譯碩士專業(yè)學位（即MasterofTranslationandInterpreting，簡稱MTI）。MTI是我國當前19個專業(yè)碩士之一翻譯碩士-培養(yǎng)目標MTI教育打破了現(xiàn)行外語教學以學歷教育為主、主要培養(yǎng)學術型或研究型人才碩士教育模式，采取以培養(yǎng)實踐型和應用型人才為主教育培養(yǎng)模式。翻譯碩士-發(fā)展歷史，國務院學位委員會同意了15所MTI試點教學單位。年，又有25所高校成為新增MTI試點教學單位。當前MTI語種已涵蓋英、法、日、俄、德、韓等六個語種，不但包含春季入學在職MTI碩士，也包含秋季入學全日制MTI碩士，而且招生對象也擴大到“含有國民教育序列大學本科學歷（或本科同等學歷）人員。”第27頁2.4.3Trainingandaccreditation1)

Interpretingtrainingisnowofferedatmoreinstitutionsandinmoreformatsthaneverbefore.2)

In,interpretingwasmadeacompulsorycourseforallundergraduatesmajoringinEnglish.3)

NewpostgraduateprogramandcoursesinT&Iarebeingofferedatincreasingnumbersofinstitutions.4)

Somegovernmentinstitutionsprovideinternaltrainingfornewstaff.5)Conferenceinterpretingprogram

第28頁AboutthisInterpretingCourse3.1TeachingAimsandObjectivesTofamiliarizestudentswithdifferenttypesofinterpretingwithprimaryattentiongiventoconsecutiveinterpreting(交傳)Tohelpstudentsmasterbasicandeffectiveinterpretingskillsandtechniquesusedbyprofessionalinterpreters,suchasnoting-takingtechniques,publicspeakingskills,etc...第29頁Togiveassignmentson-classandoff-classtoimprovestudents’listeningability,vacabularyaccumulationandnote-takingability,andyourperformencewillbeevaluatedinclass,theresultsofwhichwillhelpgiveyouafinalscore.

Youneedtoprepare2notebooksforthecourse(onefornotetakingandsummerizingandtheotherforhomework)andapadofpapersfornotetakingwhilelisteningtomaterials.

第30頁

3.2Content

Theteachingwillbefocusedonconsecutiveinterpreting.Theclasswillbestudents-centered.Differenttypesofinterpretingmaterialswillbeprovidedforyou,aimingtohelpyoupracticefundamentaltechniquessuchasnote-taking,rapidencodinganddecoding,memory-trainingandabstractingandparaphrasing,etc…第31頁Details:Thefirstweekisallowedfortheintroductionofinterpretationandthesecondweekforthetrainingmethodsandnote-taking,etc.Then,the14unitswillbearranged