中考英語專題復(fù)習(xí)定語從句學(xué)案

定語從句先行詞被定語從句修飾的名詞、代詞等稱為先行詞，出現(xiàn)在賓語從句之前。Theboywhoissleepingismynephew.Thisisthebookwhichmyunclegaveme.關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞WhowhosewhomwhichthatWherewhenwhy主語賓語表語定語狀語Don’tforgetthebookthat/whichItoldyoutobring.(賓語)ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.（狀語）先行詞與關(guān)系詞的關(guān)系1.Thisisthemanwho/thathelpedmeyesterday.2.I’llneverforgetthedayswhenIstayedinYorkTown.四．關(guān)系代詞的用法先行詞關(guān)系代詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞种溉说脑~who主語、賓語指人的詞whom賓語指人或物的詞that主語、賓語、表語指物的詞which主語、賓語指人或物的詞whose定語Thisisanoldcomputer.Itworksmuchslower.Thisisanoldcomputerwhich/thatworksmuchslower.Thoseshallbepunished.Thosebreaktherules.Thosewhobreaktherulesshallbepunished.Therearemanyyoungmenwhoareforhim.(作主語)Ihappenedtomeettheprofessorwho/whomIgottoknowataparty.(作賓語)Youaretheonlyonewhoseadvicehemightlistento.(作定語)I’dlikearoomwhosewindowlooksoutoverthesea.(作定語)Theriverwhichrunsthroughthecenterofthecitybringsuslotsofpleasure.(作主語)Thisisthepenwhichyouarelookingfor.（作賓語）Idon’tlikethepersonthatloseshistempereasily.（做主語）Thepicturethatwearestudyingwasdrawnbyafifteen-year-oldstudent.（作賓語）五．關(guān)系副詞的用法先行詞關(guān)系副詞在句子中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞謉ayyeardatetime等表示時間的詞When時間狀語PlacecityBeijing等表示地點的詞Where地點狀語Reason表示原因的名詞why原因狀語where的用法在定語從句中作地點狀語，一般其前有表示地點的名詞。此時?？捎胕nwhich,towhich,atwhich,towhich等代替。Potatoescanbegrowninplaceswhereitistoocoldtogrowrice.Potatoescanbegrowninplacesinwhichitistoocoldtogrowrice.When的用法在定語從句中作時間狀語，一般其前有表示時間的詞。此時?？捎胦nwhich,inwhich,atwhich,duringwhich等代替Ishallneverforgetthedayswhenweworkedonthefarm.Ishallneverforgetthedaysduringwhichweworkedonthefarm.Why的用法Why在定語從句中作原因狀語，它的先行詞通常為reason，可用forwhich來代替。IhavecomearoundtoexplainthereasonwhyIwasabsentfromthemeeting.IhavecomearoundtoexplainthereasonforwhichIwasabsentfromthemeeting.六．定語從句中需要注意的事項1.主謂一致問題（1）先行詞是單數(shù)時，從句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)；先行詞是復(fù)數(shù)時，從句的謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Sheisareallygoodteacherwhohasrichteachingexperience.Thestudentsthatlaughatthedisabledarenotgoodstudents.（2）oneof+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)做先行詞，從句謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；theonly/very/rightoneof+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語時，從句謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式Jeffisoneofthestudentswhowereawarded.Jeffistheonlyoneofthestudentswhowasawarded.關(guān)系代詞that和which；that和who的用法辨析宜用that不用which的情況A.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時通常用that.ThisisthemostbeautifulmountainthatIhaveseen.ThefirstEnglishnovelthatIreadwas“Thirty-nineStep“B.先行詞前有all,any,no,little,much,many,theonly,thevery,thelast等修飾詞時通常用that.HerearealltheclothesthatIhave.ThisistheonlybookthatIlike.C.先行詞是everything,something,anything,all,none,much,little,many,few等不定代詞時，通常用that.Finally,thethiefhandedineverythingthathehadstolen.D．先行詞同時含有“人”和“物”的名詞時，用that.IcanrememberthepeopleandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.E．在以who引導(dǎo)的疑問詞后，為了避免重復(fù)，用that.Whoisthegirlthatisstandingthere?F.先行詞在句中作表語Shanghaiisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe.（2）宜用which不用that的情況A．先行詞本來就是that時What’sthatwhichflashedintheskyjustnow?B.在定語從句中作介詞的賓語，且介詞位于關(guān)系代詞前時。IamlookingforacontainerinwhichIcanputallthesecoins.（3）宜用who不用that的情況A.先行詞是指人的不定代詞或指示代詞，如one,anyone,noone,all,nobody,anybody等，不宜用that。Thosewhohavegoodmannerswillbepleased.Anyonewhowantstoswimcanwritehisnameonapieceofpaper.B.當(dāng)先行詞指人并含有較長的后置定語或在被分割的定語從句時 ImetaforeignerinthestreetyesterdaywhocouldaskquestionsinChinese.Theboywascryinghardwholosthiswaywhilelookingforhismother.C.兩個定語從句中一個已經(jīng)用了that時Theboythatyoumetlastnightisthegroupleaderwhostudiesveryhard.D.therebe句式中若有定語從句宜用whoThereweretwomenwhocamehere.Thereisamanoutsidewhowantstoseeyou.1.---Whoistheman_______wastalkingtoourEnglishteacher?

---Oh!It’sMrBaker,ourmathsteacher.heB.thatC.whomD.whichIhatethepeople________don’thelpotherswhentheyareintrouble.whoB.whichC.theyD.whereTheforeigner_________visitedourschoolisfromCanadawhichB.whenC.whoD.whom4.GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishschoolteacher_______lovedclimbing.whoB.whomC.heD.whichThisistheplace_____Ihaveevervisited.thereB.whenC.whereD.whichNobodyknowsthereason______shedidn’tcometothemeeting.thatB.whichC.whyD.whenThemoonisaworld______thereisnolife.thatB.whichC.whereD.whyHehasforgottentheday_______hearrived.whenB.whereC.thatD.whichHestillremembersthedays______hespentwithyourfamily.whenB.whereC.thatD.onwhichMr.White,______carhadbeenstolen,cametothepoliceman.

whoB.thatC.whoseD.which

11.Hegottothevillage_______hisfamilyoncelivedbeforeliberation.thatB.whichC.whenD.whereThisisthehouse_______Iwanttobuy.InwhichB.thatC.whoseD.whereThisisthehouse_______ourbelovedPremierZhouoncelivedandworked.whichB.thatC.whenD.whereHedidn’ttellmetheplace_______hewasborn.thatB.whichC.whenD.whereHelivedinasmallvillage,______wasalongwayfromtherailwaystation.thatB.whichC.whereD.whenIworkinabusiness________almosteveryoneiswaitingforagreatchance.A.howB.whichC.whereD.that17.Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,_______,ofcourse,madetheothersenvyhim.

A.whoB.thatC.whatD.whichAmericanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone________theycantalkfrequently.whoB.asC.aboutwhichD.withwhomThefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome________Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfar-awayvillage.untilB.thatC.whenD.whereThefamousscientistgrewup________hewasbornandin1930hecametoShanghai.whenB.wheneverC.whereD.whereverAstorygoes________ElizabethIofEnglandlikednothingmorethanbeingsurroundedbycleverandqualifiednoblemenatcourt.whenB.whereC.whatD.thatTheParkersboughtanewhousebut________willneedalotofworkbeforetheycanmovein.theyB.itC.oneD.whichIsthisfactory______youworkedat?theoneB.whichC.thatD.whereIsthisthefactory_______youworked?whereB.whichC.thatD.theone---Doestheteacherknoweverybody_______plantedthetrees?

---Yes,hedoes.

A.whichB.whoseC.whereD.whoTheletter_______Ireceivedfromhimyesterdayisveryimportant.whoB.whereC.whatD.that---Whereisthescientist________gaveusthetalkyesterday?

---HehasgonebacktoQinghuaUniversity.whomB.whoC.whoseD.whichIhatepeople_______talkmuchbutdolittle.whoseB.whomC.whichD.who

Doyouknowaboy______sisterisanurseinahospital?whoB.thatC.whomD.whoseIsthereashopnearhere______wecanbuyvegetablesandfruits?whichB.whenC.whoD.where

填入適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞完成下列句子

Theboys________areplayingfootballarefromClassOne.

2.Those______wanttogotothemuseummustbeattheschoolgateat7tomorrow.

3.MrLiuistheperson________youtalkedaboutonthebus.

4.Theprofessor________youarewaitingforhascome.

5.Footballisagame_______islikedbymostboys.

6.Helikestoreadbooks________arewrittenbyforeignwriters.

7.Thisisthepen_______heboughtyesterday.

8.We’llgotohearthefamoussinger_______wehaveoftentalked.

9.Whereistheman_________Isawthismorning?

10.Theseason_________comesafterspringissummer.

11.Ivisitedascientist________nameisknownal