【語法】代詞 完整版課件

高中英語精品語法課件代詞（第4課時）Lead-in將下列句子譯成英語。1.五天內(nèi)完成這項工作是很困難的。2.和他們爭論這件事沒有用。3.我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)習(xí)法語很難。4.是他們幫助我們擺脫了困難。5.我想見的就是這位女士。6.就是由于她生病了，她才沒有來參加這次會議。Lead-in答案1.Itisdifficulttofinishtheworkinfivedays.2.Itisnousequarrellingwiththemaboutthis.3.IfinditverydifficulttolearnFrance.4.Itwastheywho/thathadhelpedusoutoftrouble.5.ItwastheladythatIwanttosee.6.Itwasbecauseshewasillthatshedidn’tcometoattendthemeeting.PresentationThisisanewdictionary.Iboughtityesterday.Tomjoinedthearmylastmonth.Doyouknowaboutit?it的用法1.代詞①代替前文提到過的東西或事情，用作人稱代詞。Presentation②代替指示代詞，起著this或that的作用—Isthisyourcar?—No,itisn’t.”—What’sthat?—It’savideo.”—Whoseroomisthis?—Itistheirs.Presentation③指明某人（who,someone,somebody等）的身分，還可指不明性別的嬰兒（baby）。Someoneiscomingupstairs.Itmustbethepostman.—Who’sthere?—It’sme.—Goandseewhoitisthatrings.—It’sBill.Lookatthebaby.It’scrying.Presentation④指時間，距離，自然現(xiàn)象（天氣，氣候，明暗）量度，價值等It’sSundaytoday.

It’sthreemonthssincehecamehere.自從他來到這里，已經(jīng)三個月了。It’sthreemonthsbeforehemoveshere.再有三個月他就搬到這兒來了。HowfarisittotheGreatWall?It’sgettingdark.—Howmuchisthecoat?—It’sninetydollars.PresentationItisn’tdecidedwhethertoholdameetingthisweek.是否本周召開會議還沒有決定下來。Itisuptoyoutodecide.

這事要由你決定。It’snogoodsmoking.

吸煙沒有好處。Itdoesn’tmatterwhatyoudo.你干什么都沒有關(guān)系。Itseemsthateveryonehasknownthenews.好像大家都知道這個消息。2.形式主語代替動詞不定式短語、動詞-ing形式短語和主語從句在句中放在主語的位置。Presentation3.形式賓語代替在復(fù)合賓語（賓語+賓語補足語）中充當(dāng)賓語的不定式短語、-ing形式短語和賓語從句。MarxfounditimportanttostudythesituationinRussiaandbegantolearnRussian.馬克思發(fā)現(xiàn)研究俄國的形勢非常重要，便開始學(xué)習(xí)俄語。Wethoughtitnousedoingthat.我們認為做那事沒有用。Weallthinkitnecessarythatweshouldfinishtheprojectbythismonth.我們都認為有必要在月底前完成工程。Presentation4.強調(diào)句It可以用來對句子的某一成分進行強調(diào)。強調(diào)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：Itis/was+被強調(diào)成分+that/who+句子其它成分。強調(diào)句可以強調(diào)除謂語以外的任何成分。強調(diào)成分是“人”時，連接詞可以用that或who；強調(diào)其它成分時，連接詞只能用that。動詞be常用形式有is和was兩種形式。is用來表示現(xiàn)在和將來，was用來表示過去。PresentationImetyourfatherintheshoppingcenterthedaybeforeyesterday.→ItwasIwho/thatmetyourfatherintheshoppingcenterthedaybeforeyesterday.（強調(diào)主語）→Itwasyourfatherwho/thatImetintheshoppingcenterthedaybeforeyesterday.（強調(diào)賓語）→ItwasintheshoppingcenterthatImetyourfatherthedaybeforeyesterday.（強調(diào)時間狀語）→ItwasthedaybeforeyesterdaythatImetyourfatherintheshoppingcenter.（強調(diào)地點狀語）Presentation強調(diào)句的一般問句、否定句和特殊問句的形式。Wasitin1992thatyougotmarried?你是1992年結(jié)婚的嗎?Itisn’twithagirlbutaboythatIwillgotoseethefilmtonight.今晚和我一起去看電影的不是女孩而是男孩。Whenandwherewasitthatthethrowersetanewworldrecord?那位投擲選手是在何時何地創(chuàng)造了新的世界記錄。Whoisitthatisgoingtogiveusareporttomorrowafternoon?明天下午給我們做報告的是誰?Spotlight1.love/like/hateitwhen…結(jié)構(gòu)中，it為形式賓語。它與我們所熟悉的形式賓語句型不同的是后面沒有賓語補足語。翻譯時不必將it和when譯出。Ihateitwhenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.我討厭人們滿嘴東西說話。Helovesitwhenyousing.他喜歡你唱歌。Ihateitwhenyousaydirtywords.我討厭你說臟話。同樣—Doyoulikeithere?你喜歡這兒嗎？—Oh,yes.Theair,theweather,thewayoflife.Everythingissonice.是的。我喜歡這兒的空氣、天氣和生活方式，一切都是那么好。Spotlight2.not…until句式的強調(diào)句型為：Itis/wasnotuntil…that...。Itwasnotuntiltheyfinishedtheprogrammethattheygotmarried.直到完成這個計劃，他們才結(jié)婚。Youwon’tbeabletounderstandyourparentsuntilyoubecomeaparent.→Itwasnotuntilyoubecomeaparentthatyouwillbeabletounderstandyourparents.直到你自己成為父母時，你才能理解你的父母。Spotlight3.強調(diào)句滿足的條件強調(diào)句式“Itis/was+被強調(diào)成分+that/who+句子其它成分”必須要滿足下面兩個條件。①被強調(diào)部分和連詞who/that后面的內(nèi)容組成一個完整的句子。②前面be的形式必須與后面的時態(tài)保持一致。is用來表示現(xiàn)在和將來，was用來表示過去。Spotlight請看下面這組例句：Itwasthefactorythatwevisitedlastyear.Itisthefactorythatwevisitedlastyear.這兩個句子均有Wevisitedthefactorylastyear。第一句用的was，與后面的過去時態(tài)一致，為強調(diào)句；而第二句中的is與后面的時態(tài)不一致，不是強調(diào)句；it為代詞相當(dāng)于this或that，故譯為“這是我們?nèi)ツ陞⒂^的那家工廠?！盨potlight第一句中atmidnight可以和后面的部分組成完整的句子，為強調(diào)句，填that。第二句中的it為代詞，指代時間，只能填when，意為“當(dāng)我們看完電影回家時，已經(jīng)午夜了?！毕旅孢@組句子填什么連詞？Itwasatmidnight________wecamehomeafterwesawthefilm.Itwasmidnight________wecamehomeafterwesawthefilm.Spotlight4.強調(diào)謂語的表達方式強調(diào)謂語時用“do/does/did+動詞原形”。Tonydidcometoschoolearlytoday.Tony今天確實來得早。Yourdaughterdoesstudyhardatmath.你女兒的數(shù)學(xué)確實很用功。Theydofinishtheirhomeworkbythemselveseveryday.他們每天的作業(yè)確實靠自己完成的。Spotlight5.與強調(diào)句易混的句式強調(diào)句還要與下面句型區(qū)分開來。①Itis/was+一段時間+since...“自從……已經(jīng)多久了?！保↖t為代詞，指時間。）②Itis/was+一段時間+before...“過多久才……?！保↖t為代詞，指時間。）③Itis+名詞+that...（It為形式主語，指代后面的主語從句。）SpotlightItistwoyearssincewelastsawhim.自從我們上次見到他已經(jīng)兩年了。ItistwodaysbeforemyfathercomebackfromShanghai.我父親要過兩天才能從上海返回。Itisarulethatmygrandfathergoesoutforawalkaftergettingup.我爺爺起床后外出散步，已成習(xí)慣。Practice1.Susanmade______cleartomethatshewishedtomakeanewlifeforherself.（2014山東）A.thatB.thisC.itD.her答案：C。形式賓語it代替后面的that從句。2.Thetrafficonthemainstreetshasalongergreensignalthan_______onthesmallones.

（2013四川）A.one B.this C.that D.it答案：C。that指代前面的signal，避免重復(fù)。鏈接高考Practice3.Howwouldyoulike______ifyouwerewatchingyourfavoriteTVprogramandsomeongcameintotheroomandjustshutitoffwithoutaskingyou?（2015浙江）A.themB.oneC.thoseD.it答案：D。考查句式likeitif/when…4.______isoftenthecasewithchildren,Amywasbetterbythetimethedoctorarrived.（2013陜西）A.It B.That C.What D.As答案：D。考查Itis…that…與Asis…的結(jié)構(gòu)區(qū)別。Practice翻譯下列句子，并指出it在句中的用法隨堂練習(xí)1.Itmakesmehappytohearyouhaverecovered.2.ItwasHuYingwho/thatgavemealotofhelpwhenIwasintrouble.3.It’sworthwhileworkingthewholenightontheproblem.4.Itmightbeyouthat/whobeatyourself.5.It’snousearguingwiththematthistime.6.WefounditimpossibletogettherebeforeJuly.7.Theteachermakesitclearthateveryoneshouldhandinhishomeworkontime.8.Iconsideritbettertobeearly.9.Itwaspastmidnightwhenwewenthome.10.“Whoismakingsuchanoise?”“Itmustbethechildren.”Practice答案1.it作形式主語，指代不定式。聽說你恢復(fù)了健康，這使我很高興。2.it用于強調(diào)句。在我困難的時候給予我?guī)椭氖呛摗?.it作形式主語，指代-ing形式。用整夜的時間來研究那個問題是值得的。4.it用于強調(diào)句。打敗你的也許是你自己。5.it作形式主語，指代-ing形式。這個時候去和他們爭辯是沒有用的。6.it為形式賓語，指代不定式。我們覺得，要在七月以前到達那里是不可能的。7.it為形式賓語，指代賓語從句。老師清楚地指出，每個人都應(yīng)該按時交作業(yè)。8.it充當(dāng)形式賓語，指代不定式。我認為能夠早一些更好。9.it作代詞，指代“時間”。過了午夜我們才回到家里。10.it為代詞，指代“人”?！罢l這么吵鬧？”“一定是孩子們?！盤ractice選擇正確選項填空1.Ilike________intheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.A.thisB.thatC.itD.one2.Ithink_______wrongtotake_______forgrantedthat_______iseasytolearnChinesewell.A.it；it；thatB.it；anything；itC.that；something；itD.it；it；it3.Thechairmanthought________necessarytoinviteProfessorSmithtospeakatthemeeting.A.thatB.itC.thisD.himPractice4.Ihavealwaysbeenhonestandstraightforward,anditdoesn’tmatter________I’mtalkingto.A.whoisitB.whoitisC.itiswhoD.itiswhom5.—Hewasnearlydrownedonce.—Whenwas________?—__