2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-首都經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)68

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-首都經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Monkeysandbeagleswerecentraltorecentstudieslinkingregularphysicalactivityandanenhanceddiettoimprovedbrainfunction.ThemonkeysparticipatedinanOregonHealthandScienceUniversitystudy.Itshowedprimatesthatexercisedregularly~usingatreadmillfivedaysperweek—hadahigherbraincapillaryvolumeafter20weeksthanacontrolgroupthatdidnotexercise.Also,monkeysintheexercisegroupmorerapidlylearnednewtasks.Thestudyshowedthatthemostsignificantbrainbenefitswereexperiencedbymonkeysdeemed“l(fā)eastfit”atthestartofthetrial.TheOregonresearcherssaidstudyingmonkeyseliminatesanyskewingfromthedecidedlyhumanbehaviorsofsmoking,drinkingandovereating.ThefindingswerediscussedattheannualmeetingoftheSocietyforNeuroscienceinNewOrleans.

Anothernewstudyemployed39beaglestotestthebrain-enhancingeffectivenessofantioxidant-richfoods(especiallythoserichinvitaminsCandEandbetacarotene).UniversityofTorontoresearchersdiscoveredthatolddogsmightpossiblyevenlearnsomenewtrickswiththeproperfortifiedfoodintheirdinnerbowls.“Wefoundolddogsontheantioxidantdietperformedbetteronavarietyofcognitiveteststhandogsnotonthediet,”saidP.DwightTapp,astudyco-authornowbasedattheUniversityofCaliforniaatIrvine.”Infact,thedogseatingtheantioxidant-fortifiedfoodsperformedaswellasyoungbeagles.”Fortheuninitiated―orthoseofuswhohaveneverlivedwithanoldbeagleorothercanines—dogscanexperiencethesamememorylossandslowedcognitivefunctionthatoccurinhumans.

Tappandcolleaguesfoundthattheantioxidant-richdiethelpedimprovecognitiveskillsinolddogsbutnotyoungdogs.Afollow-upstudyisongoingtodetermineiffeedingtheyoungerdogsthespecialdiethelpspreventlossofbrainfunction.

ArthurF.Kramerfigurestostickwithhumansinhisbrainresearch.KramerisaprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofIllinoisatUrbana-Champaign.Hewasleadauthoronapioneeringstudypublishedearlierthisyearthatshowedpositivephysiologicalchangesinbrainmatterduetoregularexercise.

Thetypicalmanorwomanlosesbrainmatteraspartoftheagingprocess.Inafirst,Kramerandcolleaguesusedmagnetic-resonanceimaging(MRI)scanstoshowthatindividuals55andolderwhoexerciseregularly—walkingbrisklyfor20minutesthreetimesperweek—canpreservegray-andwhite-matterregionsofthebrain.”Thegreatthingisitdoesn'ttaketoolongtorealizethesebenefits,”Kramersaid,“Wesawsignificantcognitiveimprovementinpeople55andolderoverjustsixmonths.“Graymatterconsistsofaseriesofthintissuelayersinbraincellssuchasneuronsthatarecriticaltolearningandmemory.Whitematterisfoundinthemyelinsheathcontainingnervefibersthattransmitsignalsthroughoutthebrain.Aspeopleage,beginningafter30,thetwotypesofmattershrinkinapatterncloselymatchedbydecreasedcognitiveperformance,Kramersaid.Kramerandhiscolleagueshavecompletedothercutting-edgeresearchaboutthebrainandregularphysicalactivity.Onestudyslottedfor2004publicationfollowsuponthegray/white-matterstudy.Preliminaryresultsindicatethatthesamesortofbriskwalkingwillenhancetheperformancecapabilitiesofcorticalcircuitsinthebrain.

“Wearereportingonfunctionandnotjustthephysiologyofthegrayandwhitematter,’，Kramerexplained.Anotherstudytobepublishedin2004buildsonearlierfindingsthatactiveolderwomenonhormone-replacementtherapyexhibitgreatercognitiveabilitiesthanoldermenwhoareregularexercisers.Innewfindings,Kramerandcolleagueshavefoundlessactualbraintissuedeteriorationinwomen55andolderwhohavehigherlevelsofestrogenintheirbodies.Despitebeinga“formerjock,”Kramerdidn'texpectthathisresearchcareerwouldturnsodirectlytowardfitnessandphysicalactivity.Hehasbecomealeadingresearcherintheareaduringthelastdecadeand,alongwithseveralcolleagues,turnedtheUniversityofIllinoisintoarespectedcenterforresearchonhealthyaging.

“Thereisnodownsidetophysicalactivityforolderadultswhogetclearancefromtheirphysicianstostartaprogram,”hesaid,“Weknowitcanhelppreventheartdiseaseandprotectagainststrokedamage.Nowwearebuildingevidencethatregularphysicalactivityallowsyoutothinkbetter.”

1.ThestudyconductedbyOregonHealthandScienceUniversityshowedthat（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementaboutantioxidant-richfoodsisfalse?

3.ArthurF.Kramerisaprofessorin（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,peoplebegintoageafter（）.

5.FromProfessorKramer’sresearch,wecaninferthat（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.monkeyscanlearnnewtasksmorerapidlyiftheyexercisedregularlythananyotheranimals

B.regularphysicalexercisecanhelptopromotethebrainfunction

C.monkeysaremorecooperativethanhumanbeing

D.monkeysaregoodatusingtreadmill

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Antioxidant-richfoodsarerichinvitaminsCandEandbetacarotene.

B.Antioxidant-richfoodscanhelpthebraintoperformbetter.

C.Olddogsmightpossiblyevenlearnsomenewtricksiftheyhaveantioxidant-richfoods.

D.Antioxidant-richfoodshelpedimprovecognitiveskillsnotonlyinolddogsbutalsoinyoungdogs.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.OregonHealthandScienceUniversity

B.theUniversityofToronto

C.theUniversityofCaliforniaatIrvine

D.theUniversityofIllinoisatUrbana-Champaign

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.33

B.55

C.39

D.30

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.gray-andwhite-matterinthebrainareimportantindecidingaperson’scognitiveability

B.whitematteriscriticaltolearningandmemory

C.peoplewhoare55andoldercanonlypreservetheirgray-andwhite-matterinthebrainbywalking

D.6weeksofexercisingregularly—walkingbrisklyfor20minutesthreetimesperweek—isenoughforkeepinghealthy

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第一段“Monkeysandbeagleswerecentraltorecentstudieslinkingregularphysicalactivityandanenhanceddiettoimprovedbrainfunction.”可知，猴子和小獵犬對(duì)最近把定期體育活動(dòng)和加強(qiáng)飲食與改善大腦功能聯(lián)系起來(lái)的研究是極為重要的。而根據(jù)“Also,monkeysintheexercisegroupmorerapidlylearnednewtasks.”可知，鍛煉組的猴子可以更快地學(xué)會(huì)新任務(wù)。因此，可推測(cè)B項(xiàng)“定期體育鍛煉能幫助改善大腦功能”正確。A項(xiàng)“如果能定期接受鍛煉，那么猴子會(huì)比任何其它動(dòng)物更快地學(xué)會(huì)新任務(wù)”；C項(xiàng)“猴子比人類協(xié)作性更強(qiáng)”；D項(xiàng)“猴子擅長(zhǎng)使用跑步機(jī)”。A、C、D三項(xiàng)均不能由原文推斷得出，故本題正確答案為B項(xiàng)。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文第三段“Tappandcolleaguesfoundthattheantioxidant-richdiethelpedimprovecognitiveskillsinolddogsbutnotyoungdogs.”可知，Tapp和同事們發(fā)現(xiàn)，富含抗氧化劑的飲食有助于改善老狗的認(rèn)知技能，但對(duì)幼狗卻沒(méi)用，因此D項(xiàng)“富含抗氧化劑的食物對(duì)老狗和幼狗的智力改善都有幫助”表述錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)原文第二段內(nèi)容可判斷，A項(xiàng)“富含抗氧化劑的食物含有豐富的維他命C、E和β-胡蘿卜素”；B項(xiàng)“富含抗氧化劑的食物能幫助大腦更好的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)”及C項(xiàng)“如果老狗食用富含抗氧化劑的食物，它們甚至可以學(xué)得一些新的技巧”均正確。故本題正確答案為D項(xiàng)。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文第四段“KramerisaprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofIllinoisatUrbana-Champaign.”可知，Kramer是伊利諾伊大學(xué)厄巴納—香檳分校的一位心理學(xué)教授，故D項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)“俄勒岡健康與科學(xué)大學(xué)”；B項(xiàng)“多倫多大學(xué)”；C項(xiàng)“加州大學(xué)歐文分校”。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文第五段“Aspeopleage,beginningafter30,thetwotypesofmattershrinkinapatterncloselymatchedbydecreasedcognitiveperformance,Kramersaid.”可知，人們是在30歲后開(kāi)始變老。故D項(xiàng)“30歲”正確。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第五段“Aspeopleage,beginningafter30,thetwotypesofmattershrinkinapatterncloselymatchedbydecreasedcognitiveperformance,Kramersaid.”可知，隨著人在30歲后開(kāi)始變老，這兩種物質(zhì)（即大腦中的灰質(zhì)和白質(zhì)）與認(rèn)知能力的下降密切相關(guān)，故A項(xiàng)表述正確。由原文第五段內(nèi)容可知“（大腦中的）灰質(zhì)對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)和記憶至關(guān)重要”，故B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；原文提到有規(guī)律的鍛煉可以使大腦物質(zhì)發(fā)生積極地變化，故C項(xiàng)“55歲以上的人只能通過(guò)走路來(lái)保存他們大腦中的灰質(zhì)和白質(zhì)”表述片面，不正確；而原文提及“55歲以上的人如果經(jīng)常進(jìn)行規(guī)律的鍛煉——每周三次快走20分鐘——就可以保留大部分灰質(zhì)和白質(zhì)區(qū)域，6個(gè)月后，認(rèn)知能力會(huì)有顯著提高”，故D項(xiàng)不正確。

2.單選題

Theyaretryingto（

）thewastedischargedbythefactoryforprofit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.expose

B.exhaust

C.exhibit

D.exploit

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。expose“揭發(fā)，揭露，顯示”;exhaust“用完，花光，使筋疲力盡”;exhibit“展覽，顯示”；exploit“運(yùn)用，利用”。句意：他們嘗試著通過(guò)利用工廠排出的廢物來(lái)創(chuàng)造利潤(rùn)。根據(jù)句意可知，D項(xiàng)符合題意，因此D項(xiàng)為正確答案。

3.單選題

Centuriesago,mandiscoveredthatremovingmoisturefromfoodhelpstopreserveit,andthattheeasiestwaytodothisistoexposethefoodtosunandwind.InthiswaytheNorthAmericanIndiansproducepemmican(driedmeatgroundintopowderandmadeintocakes),theScandinaviansmakestockfishandtheArabsdrieddatesand“apricotleather”.

Allfoodsincludingwater~~cabbageandotherleafvegetablescontainsasmuchas93%water,potatoesandotherrootvegetables80%,leanmeat75%andfish,anythingfrom80%to60%,dependingonhowfattyitis.Ifthiswaterisremoved,theactivityofthebacteriawhichcausefoodtogobadischecked.

Fruitissun-driedinAsiaMinor,Greece,SpainandotherMediterraneancountries,andalsoinCalifornia,SouthAfricaandAustralia.Themethodsusedvary,butingeneral,thefruitisspreadoutontraysindryingyardsinthehotsun.Inordertopreventdarkening,pears,peachesandapricotsareexposedtothefumesofburningsulfurbeforedrying.Plums,formakingprunesandcertainvarietiesofgrapesformakingraisinsandcurrants,aredippedinanalkalinesolutioninordertocracktheskinsofthefruitslightlyandremovetheirwaxcoating,soastoIncreasetherateofdrying.

Nowadaysmostfoodsaredriedmechanically.Theconventionalmethodofsuchdehydrationistoputfoodinchambersthroughwhichhotairisblownattemperaturesofabout110°Catentrytoabout43°Catexit.Thisistheusualmethodfordryingsuchthingsasvegetables,mincedmeat,andfish.

Liquidssuchasmilk,coffee,tea,soupsandeggsmaybedriedbypouringthemoveraheatedsteelcylinderorbysprayingthemintoachamberthroughwhichacurrentofhotairpasses.Inthefirstcase,thedriedmaterialisscrapedofftherollerasathinfilmwhichisthenbrokenupintosmall,thoughstillrelativelycoarseflakes.Inthesecondprocessitfallstothebottomofthechamberasafinepowder.Whererecognizableplacesofmeatandvegetablesarerequired,asinsoup,theingredientsaredriedseparatelyandthenmixed.

Driedfoodstakeuplessroomandweighlessthanthesamefoodpackedincansorfrozen,andtheydonotneedtobestoredinspecialconditions.Forthesereasonstheyareinvaluabletotheclimbers,explorersandsoldiersinbattle,whohavelittlestoragespace.Theyarealsopopularwithhousewivesbecauseittakessolittletimetocookthem.Usuallyitisjustacaseofreplacingthedried-outmoisturewithboilingwater.

1.Theopen-airmethodofdryingfood（）.

2.Bacteriawhichcausefoodtogobad（）.

3.Nowadaysvegetablesaremostcommonlydried（）.

4.Driedfoods（）.

5.Housewiveslikedriedfoodsbecausethey（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.istheonemostcommonlyusedtoday

B.wasinventedbytheAmericanIndians

C.hasbeenknownforhundredsofyears

D.tendstobeunhygienic

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.cannotliveinsunlight

B.arekilledbydrying

C.areinnowaydependentonthewatercontent

D.havetheiractivitygreatlyreducedbydrying

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.onhorizontalcylinders

B.inhot-airchambers

C.inthesunandwind

D.usingtheopentraymethod

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.areoftenpackedincansorfrozen

B.areusedbysoldiersandclimbers

C.needmorestoragespacethansoldiersusuallyhaveavailable

D.aremuchcheaperthancannedorfrozenproducts

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.arequicktoprepare

B.tastebetter

C.canbepreservedbyboilinginwater

D.lookfreshandappetizingwhencooked

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第一句話Centuriesago,mandiscoveredthatremovingmoisturefromfoodhelpstopreserveit,andthattheeasiestwaytodothisistoexposethefoodtosunandwind.“幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以前，人類發(fā)現(xiàn)去除食物中的水分有助于保存食物，最簡(jiǎn)單的方法就是將食物暴露在陽(yáng)光和風(fēng)下。由此可知將食物放在室外環(huán)境中風(fēng)干的方法在幾百年前就為人所知了。故C項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的Ifthiswaterisremoved,theactivityofthebacteriawhichcausefoodtogobadischecked.“如果這些水分被除去，導(dǎo)致食物變壞的細(xì)菌的活動(dòng)就會(huì)被抑制。故D項(xiàng)“通過(guò)風(fēng)干，細(xì)菌的活動(dòng)被大大減少?！闭_。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干定位到文章第四段Nowadaysmostfoodsaredriedmechanically.Theconventionalmethodofsuchdehydrationistoputfoodinchambersthroughwhichhotairisblownattemperaturesofabout110°Catentrytoabout43°Catexit.Thisistheusualmethodfordryingsuchthingsasvegetables,mincedmeat,andfish.“現(xiàn)在大多數(shù)食品是用機(jī)械干燥的。這種脫水的傳統(tǒng)方法是把食物放在室內(nèi)，熱空氣在大約110°C入口被吹到大約43°C出口。這是干燥蔬菜、肉末和魚(yú)等食物的常用方法?！惫士梢酝茢喑龀Ｓ檬覂?nèi)熱空氣來(lái)烘干蔬菜室，故B項(xiàng)“熱空氣室”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由最后一段中的Forthesereasonstheyareinvaluabletotheclimbers,explorersandsoldiersinbattle,whohavelittlestoragespace.“由于這些原因，它們對(duì)攀登者、探險(xiǎn)者和戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上的士兵來(lái)說(shuō)是無(wú)價(jià)的，因?yàn)樗麄儧](méi)有多少儲(chǔ)存空間?！笨芍cB項(xiàng)相符，故答案為B。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由最后一段中的Theyarealsopopularwithhousewivesbecauseittakessolittletimetocookthem.“它們也很受家庭主婦的歡迎，因?yàn)榕腼儠r(shí)間很短”可知選項(xiàng)A“很快就準(zhǔn)備好”符合題意。答案A。

4.單選題

Wemanagedtoreachthetopofthemountain,andhalfanhourlaterwebeganto（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ascend

B.descend

C.decline

D.plunge

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。ascend“上升，升髙，攀登”;descend“下降，下傾”，表示空間方位的變化；decline“（數(shù)量、價(jià)值、質(zhì)量等的）減少，下降”；plunge“使突然前沖（或下落），（價(jià)格、溫度等）暴跌”。句意：我們成功到達(dá)山頂，半小時(shí)后我們開(kāi)始下山。根據(jù)題干的邏輯關(guān)系可知B項(xiàng)符合題意，因此答案選B。

5.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingintoChinese.

WhileitistruethatAmericansbelievethatclimbingtheeducationalladderleadstosuccess,theyarelesscertainthatintellectualachievement,whichisthemainpurposeoftheschools,istheonlyimportantfactorleadingtosuccess.Acompetitive-evenaggressive-personalityisseenasimportanttosuccess,especiallyinmen.Thedevelopmentofsocialandpoliticalskillsarealsoconsideredtobeveryimportant.

TohelpAmericanstodeveloptheseotherimportantskills,schoolshaveaddedalargenumberofextracurricularactivitiestodailylifeatschool.Thisisespeciallytrueofhighschoolsandcollegesbutextendsdownintoelementaryschoolsaswell.

Athletics,frequentlycalled"competitivesports",areperhapsthemostimportantoftheseactivities.Football,basketball,andbaseballteamsareseenasveryimportantinstudents,particularlyboys,the"winningspirit".Attimes,athleticteamsseemtobecomemoreimportanttosomestudentsandtheirparentsthanacademicprogramsofferedbytheschools.

【答案】盡管美國(guó)人的確認(rèn)為教育是通向成功的階梯，但他們并不確定，作為學(xué)校教育主要目的的知識(shí)成就是通向成功的唯一重要因素。人們認(rèn)為爭(zhēng)強(qiáng)好勝甚至帶有侵略性的個(gè)性，對(duì)取得成功很重要，特別是對(duì)男人而言。社交能力和政治技能的培養(yǎng)也非常重要。

為了幫助美國(guó)人培養(yǎng)這些另外的重要技能，學(xué)校在日常生活中增加了大量課外活動(dòng)。高中和大學(xué)尤其如此，而且也延伸到了小學(xué)。

田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)，常被稱為“競(jìng)技體育”，可能是這些活動(dòng)中最重要的。足球、籃球和棒球隊(duì)對(duì)學(xué)生，尤其是男生來(lái)說(shuō)，被視為非常重要的“求勝精神”。有時(shí)，對(duì)于一些學(xué)生和家長(zhǎng)來(lái)說(shuō)，運(yùn)動(dòng)隊(duì)似乎比學(xué)校提供的學(xué)術(shù)課程更為重要。

6.單選題

Studentsorteacherscanparticipateinexcursionstolovelybeachesaroundtheislandatregular（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.gaps

B.rate

C.length

D.intervals

【答案】D

【解析】句意:學(xué)生或老師可以每隔一段時(shí)間就進(jìn)行一次短途旅行，到海島附近美麗的沙灘上去。

考查短語(yǔ)辨析。at...rate以……速度：atintervals不時(shí)，每隔一段時(shí)間;atlength詳盡地;atgap,無(wú)此搭配。故選D。

7.單選題

Sustainabledevelopmentisappliedtojustabouteverythingfromenergytocleanwaterandeconomicgrowth,andasaresultithasbecomedifficulttoquestioneitherthebasicassumptionsbehinditorthewaytheconceptisputtouse.Thisisespeciallytrueinagriculture,wheresustainabledevelopmentisoftentakenasthesolemeasureofprogresswithoutaproperappreciationofhistoricalandculturalperspectives.

Tostartwith,itisimportanttorememberthatthenatureofagricultureliaschangedmarkedlythroughouthistory,andwillcontinuetodoso.MedievalagricultureinnorthernEuropefed,clothedandshelteredapredominantlyruralsocietywithamuchlowerpopulationdensitythanitistoday.Ithadminimaleffectonbiodiversity,andanypollutionitcausedwastypicallylocalized.Intermsofenergyuseandthenutrients（營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分）capturedintheproductitwasrelativelyinefficient.

Contrastthiswithfarmingsincethestartoftheindustrialrevolution.Competitionfromoverseasledfarmerstospecializeandincreaseyields.Throughoutthisperiodfoodbecamecheaper,safeandmorereliable.However,thesechangeshavealsoledtohabitat（棲息地）Iossandtodiminishingbiodiversity.

What'smore,demandforanimalproductsindevelopingcountriesisgrowingsofastthatmeetingitwillrequireanextra300milliontonsofgrainayearby2050,yetthegrowthofcitiesandindustryisreducingtheamountofwateravailableforagricultureinmanyregions.

Allthismeansthatagricultureinthe21stcenturywillhavetobeverydifferentfromhowitwasinthe20th.Thiswillrequireradicalthinking.Forexample,weneedtomoveawayfromtheideathattraditionalpracticesareinevitablymoresustainablethannewones.Wealsoneedtoabandonthenotionthatagriculturecanbe‘‘zeroimpact”.Thekeywillbetoabandontherathersimpleandstaticmeasuresofsustainability,whichcentreontheneedtomaintainproductionwithoutincreasingdamage.

Insteadweneedamoredynamicinterpretation,onethatlooksattheprosandcons(正反兩方而)ofallthevariouswaylandisused.Therearemanydifferentwaystomeasureagriculturalperformancebesidesfoodyield:energyuse,environmentalcosts,waterpurity,carbonfootprintandbiodiversity.Itisclear,forexample,thatthecarbonoftransportingtomatoesfromSpaintotheUKislessthanthatofproducingthemintheUKwithadditionalheatingandlighting.Butwedonotknowwhetherlowercarbonfootprintswillalwaysbebetterforbiodiversity.

Whatiscrucialisrecognizingthatsustainableagricultureisnotjustaboutsustainablefoodproduction.

1.Howdopeopleoftenmeasureprogressinagriculture?

2.Specializationandtheefforttoincreaseyieldshaveresultedin（

）.

3.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftraditionalfanningpractices?

4.Whatwillagriculturebelikeinthe21stcentury?

5.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Byitsproductivity

B.Byitssustainability

C.Byitsimpactontheenvironment

D.Byitscontributiontoeconomicgrowth

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Localizedpollution

B.theshrinkingoffarmland

C.competitionfromoverseas

D.thedecreaseofbiodiversity

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theyhaveremainedthesameoverthecenturies.

B.Theyhavenotkeptpacewithpopulationgrowth.

C.Theyarenotnecessarilysustainable.

D.Theyareenvironmentallyfriendly.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itwillgothroughradicalchanges

B.Itwillsupplymoreanimalproducts

C.Itwillabandontraditionalfanningpractices

D.Itwillcausezerodamagetotheenvironment

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Toremindpeopleoftheneedofsustainabledevelopment.

B.Tosuggestwaysofensuringsustainablefoodproduction.

C.Toadvancenewcriteriaformeasuringfarmingprogress.

D.Tourgepeopletorethinkwhatsustainableagricultureis.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞measureprogressinagriculture定位至第一段:Thisisespeciallytrueinagriculture,wheresustainabledevelopmentisoftentakenasthesolemeasureofprogresswithoutaproperappreciationofhistoricalandculturalperspectives(這一點(diǎn)在農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域表現(xiàn)得尤為突出，在該領(lǐng)域中，人們常常在未從歷史、文化的角度予以適當(dāng)考慮的情況下，認(rèn)為可持續(xù)發(fā)展史衡量農(nóng)業(yè)進(jìn)步的唯一方法),因此B項(xiàng)“可持續(xù)性”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Specialization和increaseyields定位至第三段:Competitionfromoverseasledfarmerstospecializeandincreaseyields(來(lái)自海外的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)壓力使得農(nóng)民們不得不進(jìn)行專門的研究來(lái)增加作物的產(chǎn)量),該段還指出:However,thesechangeshavealsoledtohabitatlossandtodiminishingbiodiversity(但是，這些變化也導(dǎo)致棲息地的損失和生物多樣性的不斷減少),故選D“生物多樣性的減少”。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞traditionalfanningpractices定位至第五段:Forexample,weneedtomoveawayfromtheideathattraditionalpracticesareinevitablymoresustainablethannewones(比如，我們?nèi)粢饤夁@樣的想法:傳統(tǒng)的做法必然會(huì)比新的做法更能夠促進(jìn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展)。因此C項(xiàng)“這些做法不一定是可持續(xù)性的”正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞inthe21stcentury定位至第五段:Allthismeansthatagricultureinthe21stcenturywillhavetobeverydifferentfromhowitwasinthe20th(所有這一切意味著，21世紀(jì)的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)將會(huì)與20世紀(jì)的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)截然不同)。故選A“將會(huì)經(jīng)歷巨變”。

5.主旨大意題。最后一段點(diǎn)明主題:Whatiscrucialisrecognizingthatsustainableagricultureisnotjustaboutsustainablefoodproduction(關(guān)鍵是我們需要認(rèn)識(shí)到，可持續(xù)性農(nóng)業(yè)并不只是糧食生產(chǎn)的可持續(xù)性)。因此D項(xiàng)“催促人們重新思考什么是可持續(xù)性農(nóng)業(yè)”正確。

8.單選題

Despitehisdisappointingrecordthisyear,I（）feelheisthebestmaninourteam.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.however

B.therefore

C.nonetheless

D.otherwise

【答案】C

【解析】Normal07.8磅02falsefalsefalseEN-USZH-CNX-NONE

考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)however表示“然而，可是”，表轉(zhuǎn)折，后面必須用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)；B選項(xiàng)therefore表示“所以，因此”；C選項(xiàng)nonetheless表示“盡管如此，但是”；D選項(xiàng)otherwise表示“否則”。由Despite“盡管”可知，空缺處應(yīng)表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，因此只有C符合句意。A項(xiàng)however雖然也表示轉(zhuǎn)折，但后面必須用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)；【句意】雖然他今年的成績(jī)差強(qiáng)人意，但我仍然覺(jué)得他是我們隊(duì)最好的球員。

9.單選題

Colorandsexarenotrelevant（

）whetherapersonissuitableforthejob.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.on

B.for

C.to

D.with

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配的介詞。berelevantto表示“與……相關(guān)的”，句意：人種和性別與一個(gè)人是否適合工作無(wú)關(guān)。因此，本題正確答案為C項(xiàng)。

10.單選題

Someone’sfutureblursandgoesblankasanticipation（）nothingness.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.smashesinto

B.squeezesinto

C.fadesinto

D.jamsinto

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)smashinto表示“猛撞在……”；B選項(xiàng)squeezeinto表示“擠入；硬塞進(jìn)……”；C選項(xiàng)fadeinto表示“漸漸融入于……，逐漸變成……”；D選項(xiàng)jaminto表示“擠進(jìn)”。根據(jù)Someone’sfutureblursandgoesblank（個(gè)人的未來(lái)變得渺茫，成為空白）可知，期望應(yīng)當(dāng)是逐漸變成虛無(wú)，故C項(xiàng)fadeinto符合語(yǔ)境。句意：當(dāng)期望逐漸變得虛無(wú)，個(gè)人的未來(lái)也會(huì)變得渺茫，成為空白。

11.單選題

Thistransformationismarkedbyseveraldevelopments.Almostallthemajorarmedconflictsintheworldtodayareinternal,thereareunfoldingwithin（1）boundariesandtypicallyarebeingfoughtbymultiplesemi-autonomousarmedgroups.Theseconflictsare（2）byaparticularbrandoflawlessness,crueltyandchaos.Inparticular,theyaredefinedbythesystematicandwidespreadtargetingofcivilian（3）.（4）thesesituations,warringpartiesroutinelyignoreinternationalhumanitarianlaw,whichhastraditionallymoderated,ifnotgoverned,theconductofinter-state（5）.

Theseconflictstendtobeprotracted,lasting（6）ifnotdecades,ofteninrecurring（7）,thusexposingsuccessivegenera（8）soldiers.Anotherfeatureoftheseconflictsistheproliferationoflight-weight（9）thatareeasilyassembledandbornebychildren.Moreoverthe（10）useofanti-personnellandmineshasexacerbatedthevulnerabilityofchildreninthesesituations.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.national

B.international

C.external

D.internal

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.named

B.characterized

C.labeled

D.called

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.peoples

B.person

C.men

D.populations

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Under

B.On

C.In

D.With

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.wars

B.battles

C.fights

D.disputes

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.months

B.years

C.hours

D.days

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.recycles

B.circles

C.cycles

D.loops

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.infant

B.baby

C.children

D.child

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.guns

B.weapons

C.pistols

D.rifles

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.indiscriminate

B.discriminate

C.discriminating

D.discriminated

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:D

第6題:B

第7題:C

第8題:C

第9題:B

第10題:A

【解析】1.考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)national表示“國(guó)家的”，B選項(xiàng)international表示“國(guó)際的，世界的”，C選項(xiàng)external表示“外部的，外面的”，D選項(xiàng)internal表示“內(nèi)部的，國(guó)內(nèi)的”。根據(jù)Almostallthemajorarmedconflictsintheworldtodayareinternal可知“當(dāng)今世界，幾乎所有主要的武裝沖突都是內(nèi)部的”可知，這些沖突不會(huì)逾越國(guó)家的范疇，因此withinnationalboundaries符合上下文，故本題正確答案為A。

2.考查固定搭配。詞組becharacterizedby表示“具有……的特性；以……為特征”。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有B選項(xiàng)可以與by構(gòu)成搭配，故本題正確答案為B。

3.考查名詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意，空缺處應(yīng)填入表示“人們”的名詞且應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)，故排除peoples（民族）和表示單數(shù)的person（人）。populations意為各地人口，表示一個(gè)群體，比一般意義的men更符合上下文語(yǔ)義，因此本題正確答案選D。

4.考查固定搭配。詞組underthesesituations表示“在這種情形下”。

5.考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)wars表示“戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)”，是總稱，一般包括多個(gè)大規(guī)模戰(zhàn)役；B選項(xiàng)battles表示“戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，搏斗”，側(cè)重某一次具體全面的戰(zhàn)斗；C選項(xiàng)fights表示“打架，斗爭(zhēng)”，側(cè)重描述戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的動(dòng)作；D選項(xiàng)disputes表示“爭(zhēng)論，爭(zhēng)端”，側(cè)重意見(jiàn)有分歧。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中disputes“爭(zhēng)端”范圍最廣。因此，本題正確答案為D項(xiàng)。

6.考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)句中關(guān)鍵信息decades“數(shù)十年”可知空缺處填years最符合句意。故本題正確答案為B項(xiàng)。

7.考查固定搭配。分析空缺處句子可知，inrecurring是方式狀語(yǔ)，A選項(xiàng)recycles表示“回收，循環(huán)利用”，B選項(xiàng)circles表示“圓，循環(huán)”，C選項(xiàng)cycles表示“周期，循環(huán)”，D選項(xiàng)loops表示“環(huán)形，環(huán)狀結(jié)構(gòu)”。只有C選項(xiàng)可以與in構(gòu)成詞組incycles，表示“周期性地（發(fā)生）”，而inrecurringcycles表示“重復(fù)周期性地（發(fā)生）”。因此，本題正確答案為C項(xiàng)。

8.考查語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)?？杖碧幪钊氲拿~作soldiers的定語(yǔ)，soldiers為復(fù)數(shù)，所以修飾部分的名詞也用復(fù)數(shù)，childrensoldiers表示“童子軍”。因此，本題正確答案為C項(xiàng)。

9.考查名詞詞義辨析?？杖碧幪钊氲拿~被light-weight（輕型的）所修飾。A選項(xiàng)guns表示“槍，炮”，B選項(xiàng)weapons表示“武器”，C選項(xiàng)pistols表示“手槍”，D選項(xiàng)rifles表示“步槍”。根據(jù)上下文可知，此處并不能確定使用的是哪種槍支，故選擇weapons“武器”表示的范圍最廣。因此，本題正確答案為B項(xiàng)。

10.考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)indiscriminate表示“任意的，無(wú)差別的，不分青紅皂白的”；B選項(xiàng)discriminate表示“v.區(qū)別，辨別”；C選項(xiàng)discriminating表示“不公平對(duì)待的，有辨識(shí)的”；D選項(xiàng)discriminated表示“受歧視的”。根據(jù)句中關(guān)鍵信息hasexacerbatedthevulnerabilityofchildren（加劇了兒童的脆弱性）可知，空缺處選擇A項(xiàng)最符合句意。因此，本題正確答案為A項(xiàng)。

12.翻譯題

A.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese(15%)

Surveysshowthatmen’sattitudestoriskaretypicallymoreenthusiastic,whereaswomenaremorelikelytobuyandhold,whichleadsfinancialadviserstoconcludethatmenarelessrisk-averse.Andmenaremorelikelytosaythattheyunderstandfinancialconcepts,whichmightseemtosuggestthattheyaremorefinanciallyliterate.

Butitmaybemoreaccuratetosaythatwomenaremorerisk-awareandlessdeludedabouttheirfinancialcompetence.Astudyin2001byBradBarber,anacademicinthefieldofbehaviouralfinance,showedthatwomenoutperformedmeninthemarketbyonepercentagepointayear.Themainreason,heargued,wasthatmenweremuchmorelikelytobeoverconfidentthanwomen,andhencetocarryoutunprofitabletrades.

Anotherdifferenceisthatmenaremorelikelytosaythatoutperformingthemarketistheirtopinvestmentgoal,whereaswomentendtomentionspecificfinancialgoals,suchasbuyingahouseorretiringat60.Affluentwomenaremorelikelytoseekfinancialadviceandfewerdirecttheirowninvestmentscomparedwithmen.accordingtoCentury,aresearchfirm.Buttheyseemtobelesssatisfiedwiththeadvicetheyaregetting.Asurveyin2016byEconsult,aconsultancy,foundthat62%ofwomenwithsignificantassetsundermanagementwouldconsiderabandoningtheirmanager,comparedwith44%ofmen.

B.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish(15%)

管理者中富有激情，具有個(gè)人魅力和感染力的人鳳毛麟角。那么，其他和我一樣的大部分人該怎么辦呢？你也許學(xué)不來(lái)魅力四射，但是你一定能夠?qū)W會(huì)直截了當(dāng)、有效地與員工談?wù)摴ぷ?。能夠?qū)W會(huì)在合適的時(shí)間以合適的方式、用詞精準(zhǔn)地與員工談?wù)摴ぷ鳌?/p>

最有效的管理者擁有一種特別的談話方式。他們有著特殊的姿勢(shì)、風(fēng)度以及語(yǔ)調(diào)。他們的談話方式既有權(quán)威感，又容易讓人產(chǎn)生共鳴；既充分表達(dá)了嚴(yán)格的要求，又讓人感到談話人所給予的巨大支持；既嚴(yán)肅訓(xùn)導(dǎo)，又讓人能夠接受。這種談話既不同于朋友，也不同于老板，恰好介于兩者中間。

【答案】A英譯漢【參考譯文】

調(diào)查顯示，男性應(yīng)對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的態(tài)度通常更為積極，然而女性則更可能會(huì)去購(gòu)買和持有，這就導(dǎo)致理財(cái)顧問(wèn)得出結(jié)論：男性更愿意承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。并且男性更愿意說(shuō)自己理解金融的概念，也似乎表明他們自己更懂金融。

但更準(zhǔn)確的說(shuō)法可能是，女性更有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)意識(shí)，更少因自己的財(cái)務(wù)能力上當(dāng)受騙。行為金融學(xué)領(lǐng)域?qū)W者布拉德?巴伯(BradBarber)在2001年進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)研究中表明，女性在金融市場(chǎng)中的表現(xiàn)每年比男性高出一個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。他認(rèn)為，主要原因是男性比女性更容易過(guò)度自信，因此更容易進(jìn)行無(wú)錢可賺的交易。

另一個(gè)不同之處在于，男性更有可能認(rèn)為跑贏市場(chǎng)是他們的最高投資目標(biāo)，而女性則傾向于涉及具體的財(cái)務(wù)目標(biāo)，比如買房或在60歲退休。據(jù)研究公司Century稱，富裕女性比男性更有可能去尋求理財(cái)建議，而非自己直接投資。但她們似乎對(duì)得到的建議不太滿意。咨詢公司Econsult在2016年的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查中發(fā)現(xiàn)，大量資產(chǎn)被理財(cái)公司管理的女性中有62%的人考慮放棄和自己理財(cái)經(jīng)理的合作，相比之下男性只有44%。

B漢譯英【參考譯文】

Managerswhoarepassionate,attractiveandcharismaticarerare.Sowhataboutmostotherpeoplelikeme?Youmaynotlearntobecharming,butyoucancertainlylearntotalkaboutworkdirectlyandeffectivelywiththestaff.Youcanlearntotalktoemployeesaboutworkattherighttime,intherightwayandwiththerightwords.

Themosteffectivemanagershaveaspecialwayoftalking.Theyhaveaspecialposture,demeanorandintonation.Thewaytheytalkisbothauthoritativeandevocative,whichwillfullyexpressthestrictrequirementsandmakepeoplefeelthegreatsupportofthespeaker.Itisbothdisciplinedandacceptable.Theconversationisdifferentfromthatwithafriendoraboss,butsomewhereinbetween.

13.單選題

Foryearsshewasdependentondrugsanddrinkanditwasonlyinherfiftiesthatshefinallymanagedtoovercomethese（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.accessories

B.addictions

C.attachments

D.admission

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)accessory表示“配件；附件；從犯”；B選項(xiàng)addiction表示“上癮；沉溺；嗜好”；C選項(xiàng)attach