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住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-黑龍江大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I(帶答案詳解)(圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.翻譯題
Asoneoftheoldestcivilizationsoftheworld,Chinahasalonghistoryandbrilliantculture.AfterenteringtheeraofcivilizationintheXiaDynasty,Chinacreatedgloriousscienceandculture.Thecompass,gunpowder,paper-makingandprintingareconsideredtobethefourgreatinventionsofancientChina,whichhavecontributedimmenselytothecivilizationoftheworldandtheprogressofmankind.TheSilkRoadofChina,theoldesttraderouteintheworld,largelypromotedtheculturalexchangebetweentheEastandtheWest.
【答案】中國是世界上最古老的文明之一,有著悠久的歷史和燦爛的文化。中國在夏朝時開始進(jìn)入文明時代之后,創(chuàng)造了輝煌的科技和文化。指南針、火藥、造紙術(shù)、印刷術(shù)是中國古代的四大發(fā)明,對世界文明和人類的進(jìn)步做出了極大的貢獻(xiàn)。中國的絲綢之路—世界上最古老的貿(mào)易通道—極大地促進(jìn)了東西方文化的交流。
2.單選題
(
)thatmyheadhadcleared,mybrainwasalsobeginningtoworkmuchbetter.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.For
B.Now
C.Since
D.Despite
【答案】B
【解析】考查邏輯連詞。for、since通常表示原因,不和that連用,nowthat“既然,因?yàn)?,由于”;despite“盡管”。句意:由于我的頭腦清醒了,我的大腦也開始運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)得更好了。前后句因果關(guān)系,故B項(xiàng)正確。
3.單選題
PresidentArlinghasputhislong-awaitedeconomicrestructuringprogrambeforetheCongress.Itprovidesacoordinatedprogramofinvestmentcredits,researchgrants,educationalreforms,andtaxchangesdesignedtomakeAmericanindustrymorecompetitive.Thisisnecessarytoreversetheeconomicslideintounemployment,lackofgrowth,andtradedeficitsthathaveplaguedtheeconomyforthepastsixyears.ThemostliberalwingofthePresident’spartyhascalledforstrongerandmoredirectaction.TheywantanincomespolicytocheckinflationwhileFederalfinancinghelpsrebuildindustrybehindawallofprotectivetariffs.TheRepublicans,however,decryeventhemodest,graduatedtaxincreasesinthePresident’sprogram.
Theywanttaxcutsandamoreopenmarket.TheysayifFederalmoneyhastobeinjectedintotheeconomy,letitthroughdefencespending.
Boththesealternativesignoretheuniquenatureoftheeconomicproblembeforeus.Itisnotsimplyamatterofmarketsorfinancing.Thenewtechnologyallowsvastlyincreasedproductionforthoseabletomasterit.
Butitalsothreatensthosewhofailtoadoptitwithpermanentsecond-classcitizenshipintheworldeconomy.Ifanindustrycannotleveritselfuptotheleadingstageoftechnologicaladvances,thenitwillnotbeabletocompeteeffectively.Ifitcannotdothis,noamountofgovernmentprotectionismoraccesstoforeignmarketscankeepitprofitableforlong.
Withouttheprofitsandexperienceoftechnologicalexcellencetoreinvest,thatindustrycanonlyfallstillfurtherbehinditsforeigncompetitors.
SothecruxisthetechnologyandthatiswherethePresident’sprogramfocused.Thedangerisnotthataplanwillnotbepassed,itisthattheideologuesofrightandleftwilldistortthebillwithamendmentsthatwillbluritsfocusontechnology.Theeconomicrestructuringplanshouldbepassedintact.
Ifwefailtorestructureoureconomynow,wemaynotgetasecondchance.
1.ThefocusofthePresident’sprogramison____.
2.WhatistherequirementofthemostliberalwingoftheDemocratic-party?
3.Whatistheeditor’sattitude?
4.Thedangertotheplanliesin
____.
5.Thepassageis
____.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.investment
B.economy
C.technology
D.tax
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.Theywantamoredirectaction.
B.Theywantanincomespolicytocheckinflation.
C.Theywanttorebuildindustry.
D.Theywantawallofprotectivetariffs.
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.Support.
B.Distaste.
C.Disapproval.
D.Compromise.
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.thetwoparties’objection
B.differentideaofthetwopartiesabouttheplan
C.itspassage
D.distortion
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.areview
B.apreface
C.anadvertisement
D.aneditorial
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:A
第3題:A
第4題:D
第5題:D
【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
ThefocusofthePresident’sprogramison____.總統(tǒng)項(xiàng)目的重點(diǎn)是____。
A.investmentA.投資
B.economyB.經(jīng)濟(jì)
C.technologyC.技術(shù)
D.taxD.稅收
【答案】C
【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息focusofthePresident’sprogram可定位到倒數(shù)第二段第一句,該處講到“所以關(guān)鍵是技術(shù),這也是總統(tǒng)項(xiàng)目的重點(diǎn)所在(thecruxisthetechnology)”因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)“投資”,是總統(tǒng)計劃中涉及到的部分但并不是關(guān)鍵,屬于本末倒置;
B選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)”,范圍太廣,太籠統(tǒng);
D選項(xiàng)“稅收”,是總統(tǒng)計劃中的一部分但也不是關(guān)鍵,屬于本末倒置。
2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
WhatistherequirementofthemostliberalwingoftheDemocratic-party?民主黨中最自由派的要求是什么?
A.Theywantamoredirectaction.A.他們想要一個更直接的行動。
B.Theywantanincomespolicytocheckinflation.B.他們想要一個收入政策來遏制通貨膨脹。
C.Theywanttorebuildindustry.C.他們想重建工業(yè)。
D.Theywantawallofprotectivetariffs.D.他們想要保護(hù)性關(guān)稅壁壘。
【答案】A
【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到Para.1第四句,該處講到“總統(tǒng)政黨中最自由的一派呼吁采取更有力、更直接的行動(strongerandmoredirectaction)”。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
B選項(xiàng)“他們想要一個收入政策來遏制通貨膨脹”,屬于行動中的一部分,該選項(xiàng)以偏概全;
C選項(xiàng)“他們想重建工業(yè)”,屬于行動中的一部分,該選項(xiàng)以偏概全;
D選項(xiàng)“他們想要保護(hù)性關(guān)稅壁壘”也是該行動中的一部分,以偏概全。
3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
Whatistheeditor’sattitude?編者的態(tài)度是什么?
A.Support.A.支持。
B.Distaste.B.厭惡。
C.Disapproval.C.反對。
D.Compromise.D.妥協(xié)。
【答案】A
【考查點(diǎn)】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。
【解題思路】文中作者說到“如果一個行業(yè)不能把自己提升到技術(shù)進(jìn)步的領(lǐng)先階段,那么它就不能有效地競爭”。也就是說作者贊同新計劃,發(fā)展新技術(shù)。同時他還強(qiáng)調(diào)了新技術(shù)在未來發(fā)展的作用。作者又提到“如果我們現(xiàn)在不能重組我們的經(jīng)濟(jì),我們可能不會有第二次機(jī)會?!币虼俗髡叩膽B(tài)度應(yīng)該是支持的。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
B“厭惡”、C“反對”、D“妥協(xié)”選項(xiàng)錯誤。
4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
Thedangertotheplanliesin____.這個計劃的危險在于____。
A.thetwoparties’objectionA.雙方的反對意見
B.differentideaofthetwopartiesabouttheplanB.雙方對這個計劃有不同的看法
C.itspassageC.它的通過
D.distortionD.扭曲;曲解
【答案】D
【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息dangertotheplan可定位到倒數(shù)第二段第二句,該處講到“在于左右兩派的理論家會通過修正來扭曲法案(distortthebillwithamendments)”。比對選項(xiàng),D選項(xiàng)恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換,因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)“雙方的反對意見”,屬于無中生有;
B選項(xiàng)“雙方對這個計劃有不同的看法”,屬于無中生有;
C選項(xiàng)“它的通過”,文中明確提到“危險不在于一項(xiàng)計劃不會被通過”,因此C選項(xiàng)為反向干擾。
5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
Thepassageis____.這篇文章是____。
A.areview
A.一個回顧
B.aprefaceB.一個前言
C.anadvertisementC.一則廣告
D.aneditorialD.一篇社論
【答案】D
【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知,該文章是作者對美國經(jīng)濟(jì)計劃的客觀描述。這是對大事件的報道。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)“一個回顧”,指回想過去發(fā)生的事情。而該文章描述的是一個經(jīng)濟(jì)計劃,因此屬于無中生有;
B選項(xiàng)“一個前言”,指寫在書或者文章前的序言或?qū)а?,該篇文章是一個陳述并非引導(dǎo),屬于無中生有;
C選項(xiàng)“一則廣告”,廣告應(yīng)該要宣傳什么,不符合文章內(nèi)容,屬于無中生有。
4.單選題
Whatmightdrivingonanautomatedhighwaybelike?Theanswerdependsonwhatkindofsystemisultimatelyadopted.Twodistincttypesareonthedrawingboard.Thefirstisaspecial-purposelanesystem,inwhichcertainlanesarereservedforautomatedvehicles.Thesecondisamixedtrafficsystem;fullyautomatedvehicleswouldsharetheroadwithpartiallyautomatedormanuallydrivencars.Aspecial-purposelanesystemwouldrequiremoreextensivephysicalmodificationstoexistinghighways,butitpromisesthegreatestgainsinfreewaycapacity.
Undereitherscheme,thedriverwouldspecifythedesireddestination,furnishingthisinformationtoacomputerinthecaratthebeginningofthetriporperhapsjustbeforereachingtheautomatedhighway.Ifamixedtrafficsystemwasinplace,automateddrivingcouldbeginwheneverthedriverwasonsuitablyequippedroads.Ifspecial-purposelaneswereavailable,thecarcouldenterthemandjoinexistingtrafficintwodifferentways.Onemethodwoulduseaspecialonramp(入口引道).Asthedriverapproachedthepointofentryforthehighway,devicesinstalledontheroadsidewouldelectronicallycheckthevehicletodetermineitsdestinationandtoascertainthatithadtheproperautomationequipmentingoodworkingorder.Assumingitpassedsuchtests,thedriverwouldthenbeguidedthroughagateandtowardanautomatedlane.Inthiscase,thetransitionfrommanualtoautomatedcontrolwouldbesharedbyautomatedandregularvehicles.Thedriverwouldsteerontothehighwayandmoveinnormalfashiontoa“transition”lane.Thevehiclewouldthenshiftundercomputercontrolontoalanereservedforautomatedtraffic.Thelimitationoftheselanestoautomatedtrafficwould,presumably,bewellrespectedbecausealltrespasserscouldbeswiftlyidentifiedbyauthorities.
Eitherapproachtojoining,alaneofautomatedtrafficwouldharmonizethemovementofnewlyenteringvehicleswiththosealreadytraveling.Automaticcontrolhereshouldallowforsmoothmerging,withouttheusualuncertaintiesandpotentialforaccidents.Andonceavehiclehadsettledintoautomatedtravel,thedriverwouldbefreetoreleasethewheel,openthemorningpaperorjustrelax.
1.Welearnfromthefirstparagraphthattwosystemsautomatedhighways(
).
2.Aspecial-purposelanesystemisprobablyadvantageousinthat(
).
3.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutdrivingonanautomatedhighway?
4.Weknowfromthepassagethatacarcanenteraspecial-purposelane(
).
5.Whendrivinginanautomatedlane,thedriver(
).
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.arebeingplanned
B.arebeingmodified
C.arenowinwideuse
D.areunderconstruction
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.itwouldrequireonlyminorchangestoexistinghighways
B.itwouldachievethegreatesthighwaytrafficefficiency
C.ithasalaneforbothautomatedandpartiallyautomatedvehicles
D.itoffersmorelanesforautomatedvehicles
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.Vehiclestravelingonitareassigneddifferentlanesaccordingtotheirdestinations.
B.Acarcanjoinexistingtrafficanytimeinamixedlanesystem.
C.Thedrivershouldinformhiscarcomputerofhisdestinationbeforedrivingontoit.
D.Thedrivershouldsharetheautomatedlanewiththoseofregularvehicles.
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.bysmoothlymergingwithcarsontheconventionallane
B.bywayofarampwithelectroniccontroldevices
C.throughaspeciallyguardedgate
D.afteralltrespassersareidentifiedandremoved
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.shouldharmonizewithnewlyenteringcars
B.doesn’thavetorelyonhiscomputersystem
C.shouldwatchoutforpotentialaccidents
D.doesn’thavetoholdontothesteeringwheel
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:B
第3題:C
第4題:B
第5題:D
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第一段“Twodistincttypesareonthedrawingboard兩種不同的類型正處于設(shè)計階段?!笨芍狝項(xiàng)“正在被計劃中”正確。
2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第一段“Aspecial-purposelanesystemwouldrequiremoreextensivephysicalmodificationstoexistinghighways,butitpromisesthegreatestgainsinfreewaycapacity.一個特殊用途的車道系統(tǒng)需要對現(xiàn)有的高速公路進(jìn)行更廣泛的物理改造,但它有望最大限度地提高高速公路的通行能力。”可知特殊用途的車道系統(tǒng)能給高速公路系統(tǒng)帶來便利。故B項(xiàng)正確。
3.推理判斷題。由第二段“Undereitherscheme,thedriverwouldspecifythedesireddestination,furnishingthisinformationtoacomputerinthecaratthebeginningofthetriporperhapsjustbeforereachingtheautomatedhighway.在這兩種方案中,司機(jī)將指定想要到達(dá)的目的地,并在旅程開始時或在到達(dá)自動高速公路之前將這些信息提供給車內(nèi)的計算機(jī)?!笨芍狢項(xiàng)“司機(jī)開車前應(yīng)將目的地告知汽車電腦”正確。
4.推理判斷題。由第二段“Ifspecial-purposelaneswereavailable,thecarcouldenterthemandjoinexistingtrafficintwodifferentways.Onemethodwoulduseaspecialonramp(入口引道).Asthedriverapproachedthepointofentryforthehighway,devicesinstalledontheroadsidewouldelectronicallycheckthevehicletodetermineitsdestinationandtoascertainthatithadtheproperautomationequipmentingoodworkingorder.如果有專用車道,汽車可以通過兩種不同的方式進(jìn)入這些車道并加入現(xiàn)有的車流。一種方法使用一個特殊的斜坡彎道(入口引道)。當(dāng)司機(jī)接近高速公路的入口點(diǎn)時,安裝在路邊的電子設(shè)備將檢查車輛,以確定其目的地,并確定其適當(dāng)?shù)淖詣踊O(shè)備處于良好的工作狀態(tài)?!笨芍狟項(xiàng)“通過帶有電子控制裝置的斜坡”正確。
5.推理判斷題。由最后一段“Andonceavehiclehadsettledintoautomatedtravel,thedriverwouldbefreetoreleasethewheel,openthemorningpaperorjustrelax.一旦車輛進(jìn)入自動駕駛狀態(tài),駕駛員就可以自由地松開方向盤,打開晨報或者只是放松一下?!惫蔇項(xiàng)正確。
5.單選題
Sincetheearlynineties,thetrendinmostbusinesseshasbeentowardon-demandalways-availableproductsandservicesthatsuitthecustomer's(
)ratherthanthecompany's.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.benefit
B.availability
C.suitability
D.convenience
【答案】D
【解析】考查名詞辨析。benefit“好處”;availability“可用性,有效性”;suitability“合適性”;convenience“方便,便利”。句意:自上世紀(jì)90年代初以來,大多數(shù)企業(yè)的趨勢一致是按需提供隨時可用的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù),以滿足客戶的方便,而不是公司的方便。產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)對于客戶來說是提供了便利,故D項(xiàng)符合題意。
6.翻譯題
1.Inpresent-daytechnologymanmakestremendousdemandsonthematerialsavailabletohim.Thedemandisnotonlyforhugequantitiesofmaterialssuchastimber,concrete,steelandplasticsforconstructionalpurposes.Itisalsoforsmallerbutcrucialamountsofmaterialswhicharelesseasilyobtainable.Materialssuchasuraniumandtitaniumdonotexistinlargequantitiesbuttheypossessunusualpropertieswhichmakethemessentialforcertainhighlyspecializeduses.
2.Computersareelectronicmachinesforprocessingdata.Dataarepiecesoritemsofinformationthathavebeenproperlypreparedsothatthemachinecanworkwiththem.Processingmeanshandlingormanipulatingthematerialthathasbeenpresentedtothemachineinsuchwaysasperformingcalculations,classifyinginformation,ormakingcomparisons.Acomputerismadeofmillionsofelectronicdevicesthatcanstorethedataorswitchthemthroughcomplexcircuitswithdifferentfunctionsatincrediblespeeds.
3.在傳統(tǒng)的中國家庭中,成年子女與年長父母生活在一個屋檐下。自1974年中國實(shí)行獨(dú)生子女政策以來,中國家庭經(jīng)歷了許多變化,其中一個變化是核心家庭成為主導(dǎo)。當(dāng)獨(dú)生子女因?yàn)樽x大學(xué)或結(jié)婚而離開家里時,父母才四五十歲,他們比其他國家育有多個子女的父母更早經(jīng)歷空巢綜合征。他們忽然感到孤獨(dú)、悲傷、無用、消沉。
【答案】1.當(dāng)今的技術(shù)人員對可用的材料提出了巨大的要求。這種需求不僅適用于諸如木材、混凝土、鋼鐵以及用于建筑目的的塑料等數(shù)量巨大的材料,也適用于較少但至關(guān)重要,且不易獲得的材料。鈾和鈦這樣一類材料并不大量存在,但它們具有非凡的特性,這使得它們成為某些特殊用途所不可缺少的材料。
2.計算機(jī)是處理數(shù)據(jù)的電子機(jī)器。數(shù)據(jù)是已被適當(dāng)準(zhǔn)備好以便機(jī)器能夠使用的信息片段或項(xiàng)目。加工指的是對呈現(xiàn)在機(jī)器上的材料進(jìn)行處理或操作,如計算、分類或比較。計算機(jī)是由數(shù)以百萬計的電子設(shè)備組成的,這些設(shè)備可以存儲數(shù)據(jù)或通過具有不同功能的復(fù)雜電路以令人難以置信的速度轉(zhuǎn)換數(shù)據(jù)。
3.InatraditionalChinesefamily,adultchildrenliveunderthesameroofwiththeirolderparents.SinceChinaadoptedtheone-childpolicyin1974,Chinesefamilieshaveundergonemanychanges,oneofwhichisthedominanceofthenuclearfamily.Whenonlychildrenleavehomeforcollegeormarriage,theirparentsareintheir40sor50s,andtheyexperienceempty-nestsyndromeearlierthanparentswithmultiplechildreninothercountries.Theysuddenlyfeellonely,sad,useless,anddepressed.
7.不定項(xiàng)選擇題
TheestablishmentoftheThirdReichinfluencedeventsinAmericanhistorybystartingachainofeventswhichculminatedinwarbetweenGermanyandtheUnitedStates.Thecompetedestructionofdemocracy,thepersecutionofJews,thewaronreligion,thecrueltyandbarbarismoftheNazis,andespeciallytheplansofGermanyandherallies,ItalyandJapan,forworldconquestcausedgreatindignationinthiscountryandbroughtonfearofanotherworldwar.
WhilespeakingoutagainstHitler’satrocities,theAmericanpeoplegenerallyfavoredisolationistpoliciesandneutrality.
TheNeutralityActsof1935and1936prohibitedtradewithanybelligerentsorloanstothem.In1937thePresidentwasempoweredtodeclareanarmsembargoinwarsbetweennationsathisdiscretion.
AmericanopinionbegantochangesomewhatafterPresidentRoosevelt’s“quarantinetheaggressor”speechatChicago(1937)inwhichheseverelycriticizedHitler’spolicies.Germany’sseizureofAustriaandtheMunichPactforthepartitionofCzechoslovakia(1938)alsoarousedtheAmericanpeople.
TheconquestofCzechoslovakiainMarch,1939wasanotherrudeawakeningtothemenaceoftheThirdReich.InAugust,1939cametheshockoftheNazi-sovietPactandinSeptembertheattackonPolandandtheoutbreakofEuropeanwar.
TheUnitedStatesattemptedtomaintainneutralityinspiteofsympathyforthedemocraciesarrayedagainsttheThirdReich.TheNeutralityActof1939repealedthearmsembargoandpermitted“cashandcarry”exportsofarmstobelligerentnations.Astrongnationaldefenseprogramwasbegun.
Adraftactwaspassed(1940)tostrengthenthemilitaryservices.ALendAct(1941)authorizedthePresidenttosell,exchange,orlendmaterialstoanycountrydeemednecessarybyhimforthedefenseoftheUnitedStates.HelpwasgiventoBritainbyexchangingcertainoveragedestroyersfortherighttoestablishAmericanbasesinBritishterritoryintheWesternHemisphere.InAugust,1940PresidentRooseveltandPrimeMinisterChurchillmetandissuedtheAtlanticCharterwhichproclaimedthekindofaworldwhichshouldbeestablishedafterthewar.
InDecember,1941,JapanlaunchedtheunprovokedattackontheUnitedStatesatPearlHarbor.Immediatelythereafter,GermanydeclaredwarontheUnitedStates.
1.Oneitemoccurringbefore1937thattheauthordoesnotmentioninhislistofactionsthatalienatedtheAmericanpublicwas_____.
2.TheLend-LeaseActwasdesignedto_____.
3.Americanpolicyduringtheyears1935-1936maybedescribedasbeing______.
4.TheNeutralityActof1939______.
5.WeenteredthewaragainstGermany________.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.theburningoftheReichstag
B.Germanplansforconquest
C.Nazibarbarism
D.thepersecutionofreligiousgroup
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.helptheBritish
B.strengthenthenationaldefenseoftheUnitedStates
C.promotetheAtlanticCharter
D.avengePearlHarbor
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.watchful
B.isolationist
C.peaceful
D.indifferent
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.permittedthesellingofarmstobelligerentnations
B.antagonizedJapan
C.permittedtheBritishtotradeonlywiththeAllies
D.ledtotheLend-LeaseAct
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.becauseGermanydeclaredwar
B.becauseJapanwasanallyofGermany
C.afterGermanyhadsignedtheNazi-SovietPact
D.afterpeacefuleffortshadfailed
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:B
第3題:B
第4題:A
第5題:A
【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
Oneitemoccurringbefore1937thattheauthordoesnotmentioninhislistofactionsthatalienatedtheAmericanpublicwas____.有一件事發(fā)生在1937年之前,但作者在他的疏遠(yuǎn)美國公眾的行為清單中沒有提到的是____。
A.theburningoftheReichstagA.國會大廈的焚毀
B.GermanplansforconquestB.德國征服計劃
C.NazibarbarismC.納粹暴虐
D.thepersecutionofreligiousgroupD.宗教團(tuán)體的迫害
【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到Para.1第二句,該處講到“對猶太人的迫害(thepersecutionofJews)”“納粹的暴虐(barbarismoftheNazis)”以及“德國征服計劃(theplansofGermany…forworldconquest)”。B、C、D都有提到,只有A沒有。因此選A。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)國會大廈的焚毀,屬于無中生有。
2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
TheLend-LeaseActwasdesignedto____.租借法案的目的是____。
A.helptheBritishA.幫助英國
B.strengthenthenationaldefenseoftheUnitedStatesB.加強(qiáng)美國的國防
C.promotetheAtlanticCharterC.促進(jìn)《大西洋憲章》
D.avengePearlHarborD.珍珠港報仇
【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息詞Lend-LeaseAct可定位到倒數(shù)第二段1941處,該處講到“這項(xiàng)法案的目的是為了保衛(wèi)美國(forthedefenseoftheUnitedStates)”。換言之,就是加強(qiáng)美國的國防。比對選項(xiàng),B選項(xiàng)恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換,因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)“幫助英國”,這個法案頒布后確實(shí)給英國提供了幫助,但是這不是美國的根本目的。A選項(xiàng)屬于本末倒置;
C選項(xiàng)“促進(jìn)《大西洋憲章》”,文中沒有提到,C選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有;
D選項(xiàng)“珍珠港報仇”,文中沒有提及兩者的關(guān)系,D選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。
3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
Americanpolicyduringtheyears1935-1936maybedescribedasbeing____.美國在1935-1936年間的政策可以被描述為____。
A.watchfulA.注意的;警惕的
B.isolationistB.孤立主義的
C.peacefulC.和平的,愛好和平的
D.indifferentD.冷淡的,不關(guān)心的
【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)出處提示詞1935-1936與題干信息詞Americanpolicy可定位到Para.3第一句,該處講到“1935-1936的中立法案(TheNeutralityActsof1935and1936)”。還講到“美國人民普遍支持孤立政策(theAmericanpeoplegenerallyfavoredisolationistpoliciesandneutrality)”。比對選項(xiàng),B選項(xiàng)恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換,因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)“注意的”,屬于無中生有;
C選項(xiàng)“和平的”,屬于無中生有;
D選項(xiàng)“冷淡的”,屬于無中生有。
4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
TheNeutralityActof1939____.1939年《中立法案》____。
A.permittedthesellingofarmstobelligerentnationsA.允許向交戰(zhàn)國家出售武器
B.antagonizedJapanB.對抗日本
C.permittedtheBritishtotradeonlywiththeAlliesC.允許英國只與協(xié)約國進(jìn)行貿(mào)易
D.ledtotheLend-LeaseActD.導(dǎo)致了《租借法案》的出臺
【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息詞TheNeutralityActof1939可定位到倒數(shù)第三段第二句,該處講到“廢棄了武器禁運(yùn),允許向交戰(zhàn)國家‘現(xiàn)購自運(yùn)’出口武器”。換言之,允許對交戰(zhàn)國家出口武器。比對選項(xiàng),A選項(xiàng)恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換,因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
B選項(xiàng)“對抗日本”,屬于無中生有;
C選項(xiàng)“允許英國只與協(xié)約國進(jìn)行貿(mào)易”,屬于無中生有;
D選項(xiàng)“導(dǎo)致了《租借法案》的出臺”,文中沒有提及兩者關(guān)系,D選項(xiàng)屬于過度推斷。
5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
WeenteredthewaragainstGermany____.我們參加了對德戰(zhàn)爭____。
A.becauseGermanydeclaredwarA.因?yàn)榈聡麘?zhàn)了
B.becauseJapanwasanallyofGermanyB.因?yàn)槿毡臼堑聡拿擞?/p>
C.afterGermanyhadsignedtheNazi-Soviet
C.在德國簽署了納粹—蘇聯(lián)條約之后
D.afterpeacefuleffortshadfailedD.在和平努力失敗之后
【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到最后一段,該處講到“GermanydeclaredwarontheUnitedStates.”。因?yàn)榍拔囊恢敝v到美國處于中立狀態(tài),所以德國宣戰(zhàn)后美國才參加了對德戰(zhàn)爭。比對選項(xiàng),A選項(xiàng)恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換,因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
B選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)槿毡臼堑聡拿擞选?,屬于無中生有;
C選項(xiàng)“在德國簽署了納粹-蘇聯(lián)條約之后”,文中沒有提過,屬于無中生有;
D選項(xiàng)“在和平努力失敗之后”,文中美國一直處于中立狀態(tài),沒有進(jìn)行和平努力,屬于無中生有。
8.單選題
Thetwosurfaces(
)toeachotherandwecouldn’tgetthemapart.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.stuck
B.clung
C.cohered
D.adhered
【答案】D
【解析】考查動詞辨析。stick“粘住,貼有粘著劑而變得固定”,stickto堅(jiān)持;cling“緊抓”;cohere“凝結(jié),粘著”;adhereto“粘附,指被吸力或膠水粘住”。句意:這兩個面粘在一起了,我們不能把它們分離。故D項(xiàng)符合題意。
9.寫作題
Directions:Nowadays,trafficproblemremainsoneofthemostserioussituationsinurbanareas.Writeanessayof180-200wordstodiscussthistopic.Youressaymustincludetheinstructionsasfollows:
1.Presentsituations
2.Possiblereasons
3.Whatshouldbedonetosolvethisproblem
【答案】略
10.單選題
Aknockatthedooragain!Itwasthethirdtimesomeone(
)methatevening.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.hasinterrupted
B.hadinterrupted
C.tohaveinterrupted
D.wouldhaveinterrupted
【答案】B
【解析】考查時態(tài)。由was和thatevening可知事情發(fā)生在過去。在某個時刻為止已經(jīng)在發(fā)生的事情,故用過去完成時。句意:又有人在敲門,那晚已經(jīng)是第三次有人打擾我了。故B項(xiàng)正確。
11.翻譯題
最近的全球經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退表明了我們對經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的依賴。經(jīng)濟(jì)步履蹣跚的時候會發(fā)生什么情況?那時,金融市場會崩潰,房地產(chǎn)價格猛跌,就業(yè)率降低。這么一來,凱恩斯經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)就會重新興起。政府投入大量資金,讓經(jīng)濟(jì)重新運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn),同時寄希望于減稅和財政刺激來促進(jìn)投資、生產(chǎn)和就業(yè)。
【答案】Therecentglobalrecessionhasdemonstratedourdependenceoneconomicgrowth.Whathappenswhentheeconomyfalters?Financialmarketswouldcollapse,housingpriceswouldplummetandemploymentwouldfall.Keynesianeconomicscouldberevived.Thegovernmentpouredmoneyintogettingtheeconomymovingagain,hopingtaxcutsandfiscalstimuluswouldboostinvestment,productionandemployment.
12.單選題
Theartist(
)aninterestingpicturebyputtingthevariously-coloredshapestogether.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.composed
B.designed
C.produced
D.invented
【答案】A
【解析】考查動詞辨析。compose“組合,創(chuàng)作”;design“設(shè)計”;produce“生產(chǎn)”;invent“發(fā)明”。句意:藝術(shù)家通過把各種顏色的形狀組合在一起,創(chuàng)作出一幅有趣的畫。由putting…可知這幅畫是將不同的東西組合在一起而創(chuàng)作出來,只有A項(xiàng)符合題意。
13.翻譯題
TheclimateofAustraliavariesgreatlyfromregiontoregion,withatropicalclimateinthenorth,anaridorsemiaridclimateinmuchoftheinterior,andatemperateclimateinthesouth.Despitethesevariations,themoderatinginfluenceofthesurroundingoceansandtheabsenceofextensivehighmountainrangeshelppreventmarkedextremesofweather.However,someareasoccasionallyexperienceextremeweatherconditions,suchastropicalcyclones,tornadoes,andseveredrought.
BecauseAustraliaisintheSouthernHemisphere,itsseasonsarethereverseofthoseintheNorthernHemisphere.Seasonalvariations,onthewhole,aresmall.Generally,coastalandhighlandareas,especiallyinthesoutheast,arecoolerthaninteriorlocations,andthenorth,particularlythenorthwesterncoast,isthehottestregion.ThetemperateregionsofsouthernAustraliahavefourseasons,withcoolwintersandwarmsummers.
【答案】澳大利亞的氣候因地區(qū)而異,北部為熱帶氣候,內(nèi)陸大部分地區(qū)為干旱或半干旱氣候,南部為溫和氣候。盡管有這些變化,但周圍海洋的緩和影響和沒有廣泛的高山山脈有助于防止明顯的極端天氣。然而,一些地區(qū)偶爾會經(jīng)歷極端天氣條件,如熱帶氣旋、龍卷風(fēng)和嚴(yán)重干旱。
因?yàn)榘拇罄麃喸谀习肭?,它的季?jié)與北半球相反??偟膩碚f,季節(jié)變化很小。一般來說,沿海和高原地區(qū),尤其是東南部,比內(nèi)陸地區(qū)涼爽,而北部,尤其是西北海岸,是最熱的地區(qū)。澳大利亞南部的溫帶地區(qū)四季分明,冬冷夏暖。
14.單選題
Manyofusbelievedthatperson’smindbecomeslessactiveashegrowsolder.Butthisisnottrue,accordingtoDr.LissyF.JfessorofpsychiatryattheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngles,andaboardmemberoftheNewCenterforAgingattheVeteransHospital.Shehasstudiedthementalfunctioningofagingpersonsforseveralyears.Forexample,oneofherstudiesconcerns136pairsofidenticaltwins,whowerefirstexaminedwhentheywerealready60yearsold.AsDrJarvikcontinuedthestudyofthetwinsintotheir70sand80s,theirmindsdidnotgenerallydeclineaswasexpected.
However,therewassomedeclineintheirpsycho-motorspeed.Thismeansthatittookthemlongertoaccomplishmentaltaskthanitusedto.Butwhenspeedwasnotafactor,theylostverylittleintellectualabilityovertheyears.Ingeneral,Dr.Jarvik’sstudieshaveshownthatthereisnodeclineinknowledgeorreasoningability.Thisistruenotonlyintothe30sand40s,butintothe60sand70saswell.
Asforlearningnewthings,andabilitytoremember,studiesbyDr.Jarvikandothersshowthattheoldareequaltotheyoung.Itistruethatolderpeoplethemselvesoftencomplainthatthememoryisnotasgoodasitoncewas.However,muchofwhatwecall“l(fā)ossofmemory”isnotthatatall.Thereusuallywasincompletelearninginthefirstplace.Forexample,theolderpersonperhapshadtroublehearing,orpoorvision,orinattention,orwastryingtolearnthenewthingattoofastapace.
Inthecaseswheretheolderperson’smindreallyseemstodecay,itisnotnecessarilyasignofadecayduetooldageor“senility”.Oftenitissimplyasignofadepressedemotionalstate.Thisdepressionusuallycanbecounteractedbycounselingtherapywithapsychologist,ormedicationswhichfightdepression.
InAmericansociety,whenanolderpersonlosessomething,wetendtocallhimorher“senile”.Butnoticethatwhenayoungerpersonlosessomething,hedoesnotblameitonsenilityorlossofmemory.Hefindssomeotherexcuses.
1.AccordingtoDr.Jarvik’sstudies,middle-agedandoldpersonsshouldexpectto(
).
2.Accordingtothepassage,lossofmemoryisusuallycausedby(
).
3.Usually,whatappearstobesenilityisreally(
).
4.Whichofthefollowingstatementswilltheauthormostprobablysupport?
5.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.rememberless
B.reasonbetter
C.learnfewernewthings
D.loselittleabilitytoremember,reasonorlearn
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.poorlearning
B.inattention
C.tryingtolearntoofast
D.noneoftheabove
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.depression
B.mentalinactivity
C.lossofmemory
D.physicallyweak
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.Bothyoungerandolderpersonsshouldrealizethatsenilityismuchmorecommonthanmostofusbelieve.
B.Along-termstudyof136pairsoftwinsshowedthattheonlyfactorthatdeclinedovertheyearswaspsycho-motorspeed.
C.InAmerica,youngerpersonsneverloseanything,eitherbecauseofsenilityorlossofmemory.
D.Dr.Jarvik'sresearchrevealsthattheolderperson’smindreallyseemsnevertodecay.
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.ResearchRevealsOldMythsaboutMind’sDecline
B.OldAgeAcceleratesMind’sDecline
C.ANewPsychiatricTheorySavesOlderPersons
D.HowtoKeepMentallyActive
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:D
第3題:A
第4題:C
第5題:B
【解析】1.推理判斷題。由第二段“Dr.Jarvik’sstudieshaveshownthatthereisnodeclineinknowledgeorreasoningability.Thisistruenotonlyintothe30sand40s,butintothe60sand70saswell.賈維克博士的研究表明,知識和推理能力并沒有下降。不僅在30歲和40歲是這樣,在60歲和70歲也是如此?!笨芍心耆撕屠夏耆说闹橇屯评砟芰缀鯖]有下降。故D項(xiàng)正確。
2.推理判斷題。由第三段“However,muchofwhatwecall‘lossofmemory’isnotthatatall.Thereusuallywasincompletelearninginthefirstplace.Forexample,theolderpersonperhapshadtroublehearing,orpoorvision,orinattention,orwastryingtolearnthenewthingattoofastapace.然而,我們所謂的‘失憶’,其實(shí)根本不是這樣的。它們通常首先是不完整的學(xué)習(xí)。例如,老年人可能聽力不好,或視力不好,或注意力不集中,或試圖以太快的速度學(xué)習(xí)新事物。”可知“記憶喪失”根本就沒有這回事。A、B、C三項(xiàng)是導(dǎo)致看似記憶力下降的原因。
3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由倒數(shù)第二段“Inthecaseswheretheolderperson’smindreallyseemstodecay,itisnotnecessarilyasignofadecayduetooldageor‘senility’.Oftenitissimplyasignofadepressedemotionalstate.在老年人的大腦似乎真的在衰退的情況下,這并不一定是由于年老或‘衰老’造成的衰退的跡象。通常這只是抑郁情緒的一種表現(xiàn)?!笨芍吐淝榫w是導(dǎo)致老年人的大腦看似衰退的原因。故A項(xiàng)正確。
4.推理判斷題。由倒數(shù)第一、二句“Butnoticethatwhenayoungerpersonlosessomething,hedoesnotblameitonsenilityorlossofmemory.Hefindssomeotherexcuses.但是請注意,當(dāng)一個年輕人失去什么東西時,他不會責(zé)怪衰老或失憶。他找了一些其他的借口?!笨芍狢項(xiàng)“在美國,年輕人從來不會因?yàn)樗ダ匣蚴浂ト魏螙|西。”正確。A項(xiàng)“年輕人和老年人都應(yīng)該認(rèn)識到,衰老比我們大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為的要普遍得多”;B項(xiàng)“對136對雙胞胎的長期研究表明,多年來唯一下降的因素是心理運(yùn)動速度”;D項(xiàng)“賈維克博士的研究表明,老年人的大腦似乎永遠(yuǎn)不會衰退”都與原文不符。
5.主旨大意題。本文開頭提出人們對大腦的錯誤認(rèn)識,即隨著年齡增長,理解力和記憶力下降,大腦衰退。隨后介紹了Dr.Jarvik的研究結(jié)果。即衰老并不會影響人的智力。接下來的內(nèi)容均圍繞該主題展開。
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