2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-寧夏大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)94

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-寧夏大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

ForonebriefmomentinApril,LarryEllisoncamewithinafewdollarsofbeingtherichestmanintheworld.ThecomputertycoonwasholdingaglobalconferencecallonaWednesdaymorning,whenthevalueofhiscompanysurged.

ItwasthemomenthealmostovertookBillGates,founderofMicrosoft,asthewealthiestontheplanet.Forafewseconds,asshareoftradersmarkedMicrosoftdownandOracleup,EllisoncamewithinUS$200,000ofGates.Theself-proclaimed“badboy”ofSiliconValleyfoundhimselfworthmorethanUS$52billion,upfromamereUS$10billionthistimelastyear.ThenMicrosoft’sshareprice,whichhadplungedinrecentweeks,recoveredandthemomentpassed.

Once,Ellison,founderofthesoftwarecompanyOracle,wouldhavedancedaroundhisdeskcursinglikeapirateatfailingtobringdownGates,arivalhehadconstantlymadefunofinpublic.ButSiliconValleyinsiderssaidheremainedcalm,andmuttered:“Oneday,onedayvery,verysoon.”Heknewhismomentwasclose.UnlikeGates,heisnotbigoncharity,preferringtospendhismoneyinhisway.Hehashisownprivateairforce,amilitary-stylecrewbasedatSanJoseairportnearRedwoodCity,tohelphimflyhisGulfstreamVjet(withtwomarbledbathrooms),aMarchettifighterplaneimportedfromItaly,andahandfulofotheraircraft,includingatrainerforhisson.HealsoplanstoimportaRussianMig-29fighter(capableof1,500mph).Whydoeshewantone?Sothat,hejoked,hecanblastGateshomenearSeattle.Carsarecheapandcheerfulbycomparison.Hehasarelatively-modestPorscheBoxster,twospeciallyalteredMercedesandaUS$900,000silverMcLaren.InSanFranciscoheownsamagnificenthouseinPacificHeights,oneofWesternAmerica’smostexpensivestretchesofrealestate.Thehouseisatechnicalmarvel:Whenheinsertshiskey,theopaqueglassdoorturnstransparent,revealingaJapanesegardeninthemiddleofthehouse.Forreasonsheknowsbest,EllisonisobsessedwithJapaneseculture.

WhileGatescomesfromastrongfamily,Ellisonstilldoesnotknowwhohisfatherwas.HewasborntoanunmarriedmotherandadoptedbyhisRussianuncleandaunt.Abrilliantbutunpredictableself-promoter,hedroppedoutofcollege,drovetoCaliforniainabatteredThunderbirdcarandendedupworkingwithcomputertechniciansatabank.“Healwayshadachampagnelifestyleonbeermoney,”hisfirstwifesaid.

HesetupOraclein1977asasuper-salesmanwith3programmers,creatingsoftwareforbusinesses.Italmostcollapsedwhenitpromisedmorethanitcoulddeliver,butsincethenitsfortuneshavesoared.Nowitemploys43,000peopleandhasdesigneddata-processingsystemsusedbyBritain’sMl5spyserviceaswellasbigwesterncompanies.Oracle’ssoftwareismoreInternet-friendlythanGatesWindowonefactorbehindthecompany’srecentsharepricerise.

Sincehiscompanygotbig,Ellisonhaspromisedshareholdersthathewillspendmoretimeintheoffice.Butcanheescapebeingthethrill-seekerheisatheart?Assummerapproaches,hemayfindithardtoresistthelureofhisyachts,Sakura,oneofthelongestintheworld,andSayonara(Japanesefor“seeyoulater”),whichheracesfuriously.Itisdangeroussport,evenforguests.MediatycoonRupertMurdochoncenearlylostafingerwhenhegrabbedaropeduringaraceonboardthesayonara.Ellisonjokedatleasthecouldstillwrotechecks.

Regardlessofdistractions,EllisonwillnotgiveupinhisbattleagainstGates.Hehatestolose.Ellisondeclaresthatanysuchdominancebyoneman,likeMicrosoftincomputerindustry,isunhealthy.Hehasobviouslyforgottenhisownplanforaglobalempire,whichhewantedtocalltheUniversalTitanicOctopusCorporation.

1.Inthestockmarket,（）.

2.UnlikeBillGates,Ellison（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTEllison’sbelongings?

4.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutEllison?

5.Oracle’sadvantageisthat（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.EllisonisasrichasBillGates

B.EllisonhasUS$200,000lessthanBillGates

C.Ellisonisricherthanbill

D.OraclehasmoremoneythanMicrosoft

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.comesfromastrongfamily

B.hasapoorfather

C.doesnotspendmuchoncharity

D.wasborninCalifornia

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.AGulfstreamVjet.

B.AMarchettifighter.

C.APorscheBoxster.

D.ARussianMig-29fighter.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Ellisonlacksthecharacteristicsofcalmness.

B.EllisondislikeJapaneseculture.

C.Ellisoniskeenonyachting.

D.Ellison’sbusinesshasgonesmoothlysincethebeginning.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.itssharepriceisprettyhigh

B.ithasmoreemployeesthanMicrosoft

C.itsthebiggestwesterncompany

D.itssoftwareismoreinternet-friendlythanMicrosoft

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到第二段Forafewseconds,asshareoftradersmarkedMicrosoftdownandOracleup,EllisoncamewithinUS$200,000ofGates.（有那么幾秒鐘，當(dāng)交易員們認(rèn)為微軟股價(jià)下跌、甲骨文股價(jià)上漲時(shí)，埃里森的股價(jià)只比蓋茨便宜20萬(wàn)美元。）因此B選項(xiàng)“埃里森比比爾?蓋茨身價(jià)少20萬(wàn)美元”正確。A選項(xiàng)“埃里森和比爾?蓋茨一樣富有”不正確，文章討論的是他們的身價(jià)，而不是誰(shuí)更有錢。C選項(xiàng)“埃里森比比爾?蓋茨更富有”，不正確，文章沒(méi)有給出這個(gè)信息；D選項(xiàng)“甲骨文比微軟有更多的錢”，根據(jù)埃里森的身價(jià)沒(méi)有比爾蓋茨高可以推斷甲骨文（埃里森的公司）應(yīng)該是沒(méi)有微軟更有錢的。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第三段UnlikeGates,heisnotbigoncharity,preferringtospendhismoneyinhisway.（與蓋茨不同的是，他不熱衷于慈善事業(yè)，更喜歡按自己的方式花錢。）因此C選項(xiàng)“在慈善事業(yè)上花的錢不多”正確。A選項(xiàng)“來(lái)自一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的家庭”在后文WhileGatescomesfromastrongfamily,Ellisonstilldoesnotknowwhohisfatherwas.（雖然蓋茨來(lái)自一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的家庭，但埃里森仍然不知道他的父親是誰(shuí)。）A選項(xiàng)不正確；B選項(xiàng)“有一個(gè)貧窮的父親”，他甚至都不知道自己的父親是誰(shuí)，不正確；D選項(xiàng)“出生在加利福尼亞”，后文說(shuō)他自己駕車去了加利福尼亞，所以可以判斷他不是在這里出生的，錯(cuò)誤。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第三段Hehashisownprivateairforce,amilitary-stylecrewbasedatSanJoseairportnearRedwoodCity,tohelphimflyhisGulfstreamVjet(withtwomarbledbathrooms).（他有自己的私人空軍，一個(gè)駐扎在雷德伍德城附近的圣何塞機(jī)場(chǎng)的軍事風(fēng)格的機(jī)組人員，幫助他駕駛灣流V型噴氣式飛機(jī)。）因此A選項(xiàng)是他的所有物；同樣在第三段aMarchettifighterplaneimportedfromItaly,andahandfulofotheraircraft,includingatrainerforhisson.（一架從意大利進(jìn)口的馬爾切蒂戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)，以及其他幾架飛機(jī)，包括給他兒子的一名教練員。）因此B選項(xiàng)也是他的所有物；在第三段Hehasarelatively-modestPorscheBoxster,twospeciallyalteredMercedesandaUS$900,000silverMcLaren.（他有一輛相對(duì)普通的保時(shí)捷Boxster，兩輛經(jīng)過(guò)特別改裝的奔馳和一輛價(jià)值90萬(wàn)美元的銀色邁凱輪。）因此C選項(xiàng)也是他的所有物；只有D選項(xiàng)是原文沒(méi)有提到的，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干和選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞定位到第六段Assummerapproaches,hemayfindithardtoresistthelureofhisyachts,Sakura,oneofthelongestintheworld,andSayonara(Japanesefor“seeyoulater”),whichheracesfuriously.（隨著夏天的臨近，他可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)很難抗拒他的游艇——世界上最長(zhǎng)的游艇之一“Sakura”和他瘋狂的“Sayonara”(日語(yǔ)“再見(jiàn)”)的誘惑。）可以推斷出Ellison本人是熱衷于游艇運(yùn)動(dòng)的，因此C選項(xiàng)“埃里森熱衷于游艇運(yùn)動(dòng)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“埃里森缺乏冷靜的特質(zhì)”，文章并沒(méi)有給出明確表示；B選項(xiàng)“埃里森不喜歡日本文化”，在第三段的最后一句話Forreasonsheknowsbest,EllisonisobsessedwithJapaneseculture.（出于對(duì)日本文化最了解的原因，埃里森癡迷于日本文化。），因此B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；D選項(xiàng)“埃里森的業(yè)務(wù)從一開(kāi)始就進(jìn)展順利”，一開(kāi)始的時(shí)候他的公司幾近崩潰，是后來(lái)挺過(guò)來(lái)了才蒸蒸日上，因此D選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到第五段的最后一句話Oracle’ssoftwareismoreInternet-friendlythanGatesWindowonefactorbehindthecompany’srecentsharepricerise.（甲骨文的軟件在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上比蓋茨的Windows系統(tǒng)更友好，這是該公司最近股價(jià)上漲的一個(gè)原因。）由此可知，D選項(xiàng)“它的軟件比微軟在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上更友好”正確。A選項(xiàng)“它的股價(jià)相當(dāng)高”原文沒(méi)有提到；B選項(xiàng)“他比微軟有更多的員工”，文章沒(méi)有說(shuō)這個(gè)是優(yōu)勢(shì)；C選項(xiàng)“它是最大的西方公司”，這個(gè)是文章沒(méi)有說(shuō)到的。

2.單選題

Peoplefromdifferentcultureshavedifferent（）oftheworld.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.impressions

B.foundations

C.complications

D.conceptions

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)impressions“印象，效果”；B選項(xiàng)foundations“基礎(chǔ)，地基”；C選項(xiàng)complications“并發(fā)癥，復(fù)雜”；D選項(xiàng)conceptions“概念，設(shè)想”。句意：來(lái)自不同文化的人對(duì)世界有不同的（）。本句表示“不同的人對(duì)世界有不同的印象”。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.單選題

Inthesummerof1978anEnglishfarmernamedIanStevenswasdrivinghistractorthroughafieldofwheatwhenhediscoveredsomethingstrange.Someofhiswheatwaslyingflatontheground.Theflattened（被壓平的）wheatformedacircleaboutsixmetersacross.Aroundthiscirclewerefoursmallercirclesofflattenedwheat.Inthefollowingyearsmoreandmoresimilarcircleswerefoundinafieldofwheatorcorn.Sopeoplecannothelpbutaskthequestion:Whatcausesthecircles?

Atfirstpeoplesuspectedthatthecircleswereatrick.Toprovethatthecircleswereatrick,peopletriedtocopythem:theytriedtomakecirclesexactlyliketheonesthefarmershadfound.Theycouldn’tdoit.Theycouldn’tenterafieldofgrainwithoutleavingtracks,andtheycouldn’tflattenthegrainwithoutbreakingit.Thecirclesareapparentlynotatrick.

Manypeoplebelievethatbeingsfromouterspacearemakingthecircles.Somethinkthatthebeingsaretryingtocommunicatewithusfromfarawayandthatthecirclesaremessagesfromthem.Othersbelievethatthebeingshaveactuallylandedonearthandthatthecirclesaremarksleftbytheirspaceships.Severaltimespeoplereportedseeingstrangeflyingobjectsnearfieldswherecircleslaterappeared.

Scientistssaythey’renotsurewhatcausesthem.Theyhavesuggestedseveraltheories.Forexample,somescientistssaythat“microburst’s”ofwindcreatedthecircles.Amicroburstisadownwardrushofcoolair—thesamedownwardrushofairthatsometimescausesanairplanetocrash.Othersscientistssaythatforceswithintheearthcausethecirclestoappear.Butcirclesoftenappearinforms.Itishardtobelievethatanynaturalforcecouldcreatethoseforms.Andrecentlyfarmershavediscoverednotonlycirclesbutalsoothershapessuchastrianglesintheirfields.Couldanynaturalforcecreatedaperfecttriangleinafieldofgrain?

Inthesummerof1990somescientistsspentthreeweeksinthepartofEnglandwheremanycircleshaveappeared.Theyhadallthelatesthigh-techequipment.Thisequipment—worth1.8milliondollars—recordednothing.Butonenight,asthescientistswerewatchingafield,circlesformedinthefieldbehindthem.Thesecirclesareshowninthephotograph.Thescientistshadneitherseennorheardanything.

1.Whatcausesthecircles?

2.Thethingthatprovesthatthecircleswerenotatrickisthat（）.

3.Thecirclesmean（）.

4.Theonlythingforthescientiststobehappyaboutinthesummerof1990ispossibly（）.

5.Apropertitleforthispassageis（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Teenagers

B.Farmers

C.Flyingobjects.

D.Noneoftheabove.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.twomensaidtheymadethecirclesthemselves

B.farmersweremakingthecirclestoattracttourists

C.peoplecannotcopythecircleswithoutleavingmarksorbreakingthegrain

D.scientistssuggesttheoriesthatsupporttheideathatcirclesweremadebynaturalforces

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thatbeingsfromouterspacearetryingtocommunicatewithhumanbeings

B.thatbeingsfromouterspacehavevisitedtheearth

C.thattheredoexiststrangeflyingobjects

D.noneoftheabove

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thattheydiscoveredhowthecirclesweremade

B.thattheysawthecircleswiththehelpofthelatesthigh-techequipment

C.theywereabletoshowthecirclesinaphotograph

D.noneoftheabove

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.AnUnsolvedMystery

B.StrangeFlyingObjects

C.ThePowerofNaturalForces

D.TheDiscoveryofStrangeCircles

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題干問(wèn)：什么東西導(dǎo)致了這些圈圈？我們定位到倒數(shù)第二段的第一句話Scientistssaythey’renotsurewhatcausesthem.（科學(xué)家表示，他們不確定是什么導(dǎo)致了這種情況。）從這句話我們可以得出，科學(xué)家們目前也并不知道是什么導(dǎo)致了這些怪圈，其他的都只是猜測(cè)，因此答案為D“以上都不對(duì)”；A選項(xiàng)“青少年”，B選項(xiàng)“農(nóng)民”，C選項(xiàng)“飛行物”，這些都是人們的猜測(cè)。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干問(wèn)：是什么證實(shí)了這些圈圈并不是一個(gè)惡作劇？根據(jù)第二段第一句話Atfirst,peoplesuspectedthatthecircleswereatrick.Toprovethatthecircleswereatrickpeopletriedtocopythem，（起初，人們懷疑這些圓圈是騙人的。為了證明這些圓圈是騙人的，人們?cè)噲D模仿它們）我們可以得出答案是C選項(xiàng)“人們不能復(fù)制圓圈而不留下痕跡或打破紋理”。A選項(xiàng)“兩個(gè)男人說(shuō)是他們制造了這個(gè)圈”，B選項(xiàng)“農(nóng)民們做了這個(gè)圈去吸引游客”，D選項(xiàng)“科學(xué)家認(rèn)為理論支持這些圈是由自然力量完成的”。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。A選項(xiàng)“這些圓圈意味著來(lái)自外太空的生物正試圖與人類交流”，B選項(xiàng)“這些圓圈意味著來(lái)自外太空的生物已經(jīng)訪問(wèn)過(guò)地球”，C選項(xiàng)“這些圓圈意味著確實(shí)存在奇怪的飛行物”，D選項(xiàng)“以上都不對(duì)”；題干問(wèn)：這些圈圈意味著什么。根據(jù)題干我們可以定位到第二段，第二段說(shuō)了Manypeoplebelievethatbeingsfromouterspacearemakingthecircles.Somethinkthatthebeingsaretryingtocommunicatewithusfromfarawayandthatthecirclesaremessagesfromthem.Othersbelievethatthebeingshaveactuallylandedonearthandthatthecirclesaremarkleftbytheirspaceships.（許多人相信是外太空的生物制造了這些圓圈。一些人認(rèn)為外太空的生物試圖與我們交流，而這些圓圈是他們的信息。其他人相信存在實(shí)際上已經(jīng)登陸地球的生物和圓圈是他們的宇宙飛船留下的印記。）但是這些都是人們的推測(cè)，目前科學(xué)家并沒(méi)有給出明確的結(jié)論，因此A、B、C都不對(duì)，答案為D。

4.判斷推理題。題干問(wèn)：科學(xué)家們?cè)?990年夏天唯一感到高興的事情可能是？C選項(xiàng)“他們能夠在照片上顯示圓圈”，根據(jù)題干我們定位到倒數(shù)第一段的倒數(shù)第二句話：Thesecirclesareshowninthephotograph.（這些圓圈如照片所示。）可以得出，他們開(kāi)心的事是C選項(xiàng)“他們能夠在照片上顯示圓圈”。A選項(xiàng)“他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了這些圓圈是如何形成的”，B選項(xiàng)“他們借助最新的高科技設(shè)備看到了這些圓圈”，D選項(xiàng)“以上都不對(duì)”。

5.文章標(biāo)題題。題干讓我們給文章找一個(gè)合適的標(biāo)題。A選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)未解之謎”，B選項(xiàng)“奇怪的飛行物”，C選項(xiàng)“自然的力量”，D“奇怪的圈圈的發(fā)現(xiàn)”，根據(jù)全文我們知道，這個(gè)怪圈的謎底我們到目前都沒(méi)有解開(kāi)，因此它是一個(gè)未解之謎，D選項(xiàng)過(guò)于淺顯，不能總結(jié)全文的含義，因此答案為A。

4.單選題

Theparentsfeltverydelightedwhentheirdaughterdecidedto（）themoviesanddoherlessons.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.forgive

B.forbid

C.forgo

D.foresee

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)forgive“原諒”；B選項(xiàng)forbid“禁止”；C選項(xiàng)forgo“放棄，停止”；D選項(xiàng)foresee“預(yù)見(jiàn)”。句意：當(dāng)他們的女兒決定_____看電影而去做功課時(shí)，父母感到非常高興。本句表達(dá)的意思是，女兒放棄去看電影而做功課，讓父母很開(kāi)心。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.單選題

Hetoldastoryabouthissisterwhowasinasad（）whenshewasillandhadnomoney.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.plight

B.polarization

C.plague

D.pigment

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)plight“困境，境況”；B選項(xiàng)polarization“極化，偏振”；C選項(xiàng)plague“瘟疫，鼠疫”；D選項(xiàng)pigment“色素，顏料”。句意：他講了一個(gè)關(guān)于他妹妹的故事，她生病了，沒(méi)有錢，（）非常悲慘。本句意為“妹妹的處境非常悲慘”，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.單選題

Peeringthroughthedarkness,thetravelercould（）lightsinthedistanceandthenhedoubledhispace.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.perceive

B.discern

C.recognize

D.visualize

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)perceive“理解，認(rèn)知，感覺(jué)”；B選項(xiàng)discern“隱約可見(jiàn)，覺(jué)察出，識(shí)別”；C選項(xiàng)recognize“認(rèn)出，識(shí)別”；D選項(xiàng)visualize“形象，形象化”。句意：透過(guò)黑暗，旅行者可以（）遠(yuǎn)處有燈光，于是他加快了腳步。這里因?yàn)槭峭高^(guò)黑暗，所以應(yīng)該是“隱約可見(jiàn)燈光”，因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.單選題

SomescientistshavesuggestedthatEarthisakindofzooorwildlife（）forintelligentspacebeings,likethewildernessareaswehavesetuponearthtoallowanimalstodevelopnaturallywhileweobservethem.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.conservation

B.maintenance

C.storage

D.reserve

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“野生動(dòng)植物的保護(hù)（抽象概念）”；B選項(xiàng)“維護(hù)，保持”；C選項(xiàng)“貯藏（量）”；D選項(xiàng)“自然保護(hù)區(qū)；居住地”，句意：一些科學(xué)家提出，地球是智能太空生物的一種動(dòng)物園或野生動(dòng)物（），就像我們?cè)诘厍蛏显O(shè)立的荒野區(qū)，讓動(dòng)物在我們觀察時(shí)自然發(fā)展。本句表示“wildlifereserve是野生動(dòng)植物保護(hù)區(qū)（具體概念）”，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.單選題

Thegiftofbeingabletodescribeafaceaccuratelyisarareone,aseveryexperiencedpoliceofficerknowstohiscost.AstheLancetputitrecently:“Whenwetrytodescribefacespreciselywordsfailus,andweresorttoidentikit(拼臉型圖)procedures.”

Yet,accordingtooneauthorityonthesubject,wecaneachprobablyrecognizemorethan1,000faces,themajorityofwhichdifferinfinedetails.This,whenonecomestothinkofit,isatremendousfeat,though,curiouslyenough,relativelylittleattentionhasbeendevotedtothefundamentalproblemsofhowandwhyweacquirethisgiftforrecognizingandrememberingfaces.Isitaninbornpropertyofourbrains,oranacquiredone?Assooftenhappens,theexpertstendtodiffer.

Thus,somearguethatitisinborn,andthatthereare“specialcharacteristicsaboutthebrain’sabilitytodistinguishfaces”.Insupportofthisthesetheynotehowmuchbetterweareatrecognizingafaceafterasingleencounterthanweare,forexample,inrecognizinganindividualhorse.Ontheotherhand,therearethose,andtheyareprobablyinthemajority,whoclaimthatthegiftisanacquiredone.

Theargumentsinfavorofthislatterview,itmustbeconfessed,areimpressive.Itisahabitthatisacquiredsoonafterbirth.Watch,forinstance,howaquiteyoungbabyrecognizeshismemberbysight.Grantedthathisothersenseshelp-thesoundothervoice,hissenseofsmell,thedistinctivewayshehandleshim.

Butofallthese,sightispredominant.Formedattheverybeginningoflife,theabilitytorecognizefacesquicklybecomesanestablishedhabit,andonethatis,essentialfordailyliving,ifnotnecessarilyforsurvival.Howessentialandvaluableitisweprobablydonotappreciateuntilweencounterpeoplewhohavebeendeprivedofthefaculty.

Thisunfortunateinabilitytorecognizefamiliarfacesisknowntoall,butsuchpeoplecanoftenrecognizeindividualsbytheirvoices,theirwalkingmannersortheirspectacles.Withtypicalhumaningenuitymanyoftheseunfortunatepeopleovercometheirhandicapbyrecognizingothercharacteristicfeatures.

1.Itisstatedinthepassagethat（）.

2.Whattheauthorfeelsstrangeaboutisthat（）.

3.Whatisthefirstsuggestedexplanationoftheoriginoftheability?

4.Accordingtothepassage,howimportantistheabilitytorecognizefaces?

5.Thispassageseemstoemphasizethat（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.itisunusualforapersontobeabletoidentifyafacesatisfactorily

B.theabilitytorecognizefacesunhesitatinglyisanunusualgift

C.quitafewpeoplecanvisualizefacestheyhaveseen

D.fewpeoplecangiveexactdetailsoftheappearanceofaface

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.peoplehavethetremendousabilitytorecognizemorethan1,000faces

B.peopledon’tthinkmuchoftheproblemofhowandwhyweacquiretheabilitytorecognizeandrememberfaces

C.peopledon’trealizehowessentialandvaluableitisforthemtohavetheabilitytorecognizefaces

D.peoplehavebeenarguingmuchoverthewaypeoplerecognizeandremember

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itisoneofthecharacteristicspeculiartohumanbeings.

B.Itisacquiredsoonafterbirth.

C.Itissomethingwecandofromtheverymomentweareborn.

D.Itislearnedfromourenvironmentandexperiences.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itisusefulindailylifebutisnotnecessarilyessential.

B.Itsabsencewouldmakenormaleverydaylifeimpossible.

C.Undercertaincircumstanceswecouldnotexistwithoutit.

D.Normalsociallifewouldbedifficultwithoutit.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.theabilitytorecognizeindividualsisdependentonothersensesaswellassight

B.sightisindispensabletorecognizingindividuals

C.theabilitytorecognizefacesisaspecialinbornabilityofthebrain

D.theimportanceoftheabilityofrecognizingfacesisfullyappreciatedbypeople

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)選項(xiàng)和題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段第一句Thegiftofbeingabletodescribeafaceaccuratelyisarareone,aseveryexperiencedpoliceofficerknowstohiscost.（能準(zhǔn)確地描述一個(gè)人的面容這種天賦是很罕見(jiàn)的，每一個(gè)有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的警官都知道這一點(diǎn)。）因此D選項(xiàng)“很少有人能給出一張臉的外貌的確切細(xì)節(jié)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)人能令人滿意地辨認(rèn)人臉是不尋常的”不夠準(zhǔn)確；B選項(xiàng)“毫不猶豫地識(shí)別面孔的能力是一種不尋常的天賦”是推斷出來(lái)的，而不是文章直接的陳述；C選項(xiàng)“有些人能想象他們所見(jiàn)過(guò)的面孔”不是原文所提到的。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到第二段的第二句This,whenonecomestothinkofit,isatremendous...thisgiftforrecognizingandrememberingfaces.（然而，奇怪的是，對(duì)于我們是如何以及為什么會(huì)有這種識(shí)別和記憶面孔的天賦這一基本問(wèn)題，卻鮮有人關(guān)注。）因此B選項(xiàng)“人們很少思考我們是如何以及為什么獲得識(shí)別和記憶面孔的能力的”正確。A選項(xiàng)“人們有驚人的能力來(lái)識(shí)別超過(guò)1000張面孔”，在第二段第一句話Yet,accordingtooneauthorityonthesubject,wecaneachprobablyrecognizemorethan1,000faces,themajorityofwhichdifferinfinedetails.（然而，據(jù)某專家稱，我們每個(gè)人可能都能識(shí)別1000多張面孔，其中大多數(shù)在細(xì)節(jié)上都有所不同。）是專家說(shuō)的，并不是作者覺(jué)得好奇的；C選項(xiàng)“人們沒(méi)有意識(shí)到識(shí)別面孔的能力對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)是多么重要和有價(jià)值”，文章沒(méi)有提到；D選項(xiàng)“人們一直在爭(zhēng)論人們認(rèn)識(shí)和記憶的方式”，這個(gè)也不是作者覺(jué)得好奇的點(diǎn)。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第三段Thus,somearguethatitisinborn,andthatthereare“specialcharacteristicsaboutthebrain’sabilitytodistinguishfaces”.（因此，有些人認(rèn)為這是天生的，“大腦區(qū)分面孔的能力有特殊的特點(diǎn)”。）因此C選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“是人類特有的特征之一”，B選項(xiàng)“它在出生后不久就獲得了”，與原文不符；D選項(xiàng)“它是從我們的環(huán)境和經(jīng)驗(yàn)中學(xué)來(lái)的”，這是另一種觀點(diǎn)，但不是最先的。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到倒數(shù)第二段Howessentialandvaluableitisweprobablydonotappreciateuntilweencounterpeoplewhohavebeendeprivedofthefaculty.（它是多么重要和有價(jià)值，直到我們遇到那些被剝奪了能力的人，我們才會(huì)意識(shí)到。）因此可以推斷出B選項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有它，正常的日常生活就不可能了”正確。A選項(xiàng)“它在日常生活中是有用的，但不是必要的”與原文意思不符；C選項(xiàng)“在某些情況下，沒(méi)有它我們就無(wú)法生存”，原文沒(méi)有提及；D選項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有它，正常的社會(huì)生活將很難”，屬于過(guò)度推斷。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞定位到最后一段Thisunfortunateinabilitytorecognizefamiliarfacesisknowntoall,butsuchpeoplecanoftenrecognizeindividualsbytheirvoices,theirwalkingmannersortheirspectacles.（這種不幸的無(wú)法識(shí)別大眾都熟悉面孔的能力，但通?？梢酝ㄟ^(guò)他們的聲音、走路方式或眼鏡來(lái)識(shí)別個(gè)人。）因此A選項(xiàng)“識(shí)別個(gè)體的能力不僅依賴視覺(jué)，還依賴其他感官”正確。B選項(xiàng)“視覺(jué)對(duì)于識(shí)別個(gè)體是必不可少的”，這個(gè)不是文章想要強(qiáng)調(diào)的；C選項(xiàng)“識(shí)別面孔的能力是大腦天生的一種特殊能力”，不符合文章意思；D選項(xiàng)“人們充分認(rèn)識(shí)到人臉識(shí)別能力的重要性”，不是原文強(qiáng)調(diào)的；文章最后一段是想說(shuō)明，哪怕有的人沒(méi)有這種能力，他也可以通過(guò)其他的感官來(lái)感知。

9.單選題

Theyachievedmorethantheyhadeverdreamed,lendingamagictotheirfamilystorythatnotaleorordinarylifecouldpossiblyrival.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.confirm

B.achieve

C.match

D.exaggerate

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“確認(rèn)，確定”；B選項(xiàng)“完成，達(dá)到”；C選項(xiàng)“匹配，適合，匹敵”；D選項(xiàng)“夸張，夸大”；題干中rival“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手，同行者，匹敵”，句意：他們的成就超出了他們的夢(mèng)想，為他們的家庭故事增添了任何故事或普通生活都無(wú)法匹敵的魔力。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.單選題

Intoday’sworkingworldtherolesofmenandwomenarebecoming（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.dwarfed

B.incorporated

C.correlated

D.blurred

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)dwarfed“矮小的”；B選項(xiàng)incorporated“合并的”；C選項(xiàng)correlated“有互相關(guān)系的”；D選項(xiàng)blurred“模糊的，記不清的”。句意：在當(dāng)今的工作世界中，男性和女性的角色正變得越來(lái)越（）。按照選項(xiàng)和題干的意思，可以判斷出此處想要表達(dá)的意思是“男性角色和女性角色的（邊界）變得越來(lái)越模糊?！币虼薉選項(xiàng)符合題意。

11.單選題

Thecar,atleastasweknowit,isonthewayout,becauseitsexhaust（）athreattotheenvironment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.originates

B.poses

C.offends

D.paralyzes

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)originates“引起，創(chuàng)作”；B選項(xiàng)poses“造成，形成”；C選項(xiàng)offends“冒犯，使……不愉快”；D選項(xiàng)paralyzes“使麻痹，使癱瘓”。句意：這輛車，至少就我們所知，正在被淘汰，因?yàn)樗奈矚鈱?duì)環(huán)境（）了威脅。本句表示“造成了威脅”，因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

12.單選題

Theanalysissuggeststhatthetradeoffbetweenourchildrencollegeandourownretirementsecurityischilling.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.frightening

B.promising

C.freezing

D.revealing

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“令人恐懼的”；B選項(xiàng)“有希望的，有前途的”；C選項(xiàng)“冰點(diǎn)以下的，結(jié)冰的”；D選項(xiàng)“揭露真情的，有啟迪作用的”；題干中chilling“令人恐懼的”，句意：分析表明，在孩子上大學(xué)和我們自己的退休保障之間的權(quán)衡令人不寒而栗。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

13.單選題

Theneighborsdonotconsiderhimquite（）asmosteveningsheawakensthemwithhisdrunkensinging.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.respected

B.respective

C.respectful

D.respectable

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)respected“受尊敬的”；B選項(xiàng)respective“分別的，各自的”；C選項(xiàng)respectful“恭敬的，有禮貌的”；D選項(xiàng)respectable“值得尊敬的，人格高尚的，相當(dāng)數(shù)量的”。句意：鄰居們認(rèn)為他不（），因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)晚上他都會(huì)用醉醺醺的歌聲把他們吵醒。這里表達(dá)的句意是“他不值得尊敬”，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

14.寫作題

Directions:Youaregiven30minutesonthistask.Writedownyourunderstandingof“ItPaystoBeHonest”withnolessthan150words.

【答案】略

15.單選題

Theoldcoupledecidedto（）aboythoughtheyhadthreechildrenown.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.adapt

B.bring

C.receive

D.adopt

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)adapt“（使）適應(yīng)，改編”，常用“adaptoneselftosth.適應(yīng)……”；B選項(xiàng)bring“帶來(lái)”；C選項(xiàng)receive“收到”；D選項(xiàng)adopt“采納，收養(yǎng)，選定”。句意：雖然這對(duì)老夫婦已經(jīng)有了三個(gè)孩子，但他們還是決定（）一個(gè)男孩。這里要表達(dá)的意思是“領(lǐng)養(yǎng)一個(gè)男孩”，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Healwaysdidwellatschool（）havingtodopart-timejobseverynowandthen.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inspiteof

B.regardlessof

C.onaccountof

D.incaseof

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)inspiteof“盡管”；B項(xiàng)regardlessof“不考慮，不顧”；C項(xiàng)onaccountof“因?yàn)?，由于”；D項(xiàng)incaseof“如果發(fā)生……，萬(wàn)一……”；然后我們帶入句子發(fā)現(xiàn)只有A選項(xiàng)符合。句意為：盡管他不得不時(shí)不時(shí)地做些兼職工作，但他在學(xué)?？偸潜憩F(xiàn)很好。

17.單選題

Thedeclineinmoralstandards—whichhaslongconcernedsocialanalysts—hasatlastcapturedtheattentionofaverageAmericans,AndJeanBethkeElshtain,forone,isglad.

Thefactthatordinarycitizensarenowstartingtothinkseriouslyaboutthenation’smoralclimate,saysthisethics(倫理學(xué))professorattheUniversityofChicago,isreasontohopethatnewideaswillcomeforwardtoimproveit.

Butthechallengeisnottobeunderestimated.MaterialismandIndividualisminAmericansocietyarethebiggestobstacles.“ThethoughtthatI’minitformehasbecomedeeplyrootedinthenationalconsciousness,”MsElshtainsays.

Someofthiscanbeattributedtothedisintegrationoftraditionalcommunities,inwhichneighborslookedoutforoneanother,shesays.Withtoday’sgreatermobilityandwithsomanycouplesworking,thosebondshavebeenweakened,replacedbyagreateremphasisonself.

Ina1996pollofAmericans,lossofmoralitytoppedthelistofthebiggestproblemsfacingtheU.S.AndElshtainsaysthepubliciscorrecttosensethat:DatashowthatAmericansarestrugglingwithproblemsunheardofinthe1950s,suchasclassroomviolenceandahighrateofbirthstounmarriedmothers.

Thedesireforahighermoralstandardisnotalament（挽歌）forsomenonexistent“goldenage,”Elshtainsays,norisitawishful（一廂情愿的）longingforatimethatdeniedopportunitiestowomenandminorities.Mostpeople,infact,favorthelesseningofprejudice.

Moraldeclinewillnotbereverseduntilpeoplefindwaystocounterthematerialisminsociety,shesays.“Slowly,yourecognizethatthethingsthatmatterarethosethatcan’tbebought.”

1.ProfessorElshtainispleasedtoseethatAmericans（）.

2.ThemoraldeclineofAmericansocietyiscausedmainlyby（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingcharacterizesthetraditionalcommunities?

4.Inthe1950s,classroomviolence（）.

5.AccordingtoElshtain,thecurrentmoraldeclinemaybereversed（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.haveadaptedtoanewsetofmoralstandards

B.arelongingforthereturnofthegoodolddays

C.haverealizedtheimportanceofmaterialthings

D.areawakeningtotheloweringoftheirmoralstandards

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.itsgrowingwealth

B.theself-centerednessofindividuals

C.underestimatingtheimpactofsocialchanges

D.theprejudiceagainstwomenandminorities

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Greatmobility

B.Emphasisonindividualeffort

C.Concernforone’sneighbors

D.Ever-weakeningsocialbonds

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.assomethingunheardof

B.attractedalotofpublicattention

C.wasbynomeansarareoccurrence

D.begantoappearinanalysts’data

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.ifpeoplecanreturntothe“goldenage”

B.whenwomenandmenenjoyequalrights

C.whenpeopleridthemselvesofprejudice

D.iflessemphasisislaidonmaterialthings

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段的第一二句話Thedeclineinmoralstandards—whichhaslongconcernedsocialanalysts—hasatlastcapturedtheattentionofaverageAmericans（道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的下降——長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)一直困擾著社會(huì)分析人士——終于引起了普通美國(guó)人的注意。）后文說(shuō)JeanBethkeElshtain對(duì)于這個(gè)很開(kāi)心，由此可知D選項(xiàng)“意識(shí)到他們道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的降低”正確。A、B、C在原文都沒(méi)有提到，因此排除。

2.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第三段第二句話MaterialismandIndividualisminAmericansocietyarethebiggestobstacles.（美國(guó)社會(huì)的物質(zhì)主義和個(gè)人主義是最大的障礙。）從這句可以看出物質(zhì)主義和個(gè)人主義這兩點(diǎn)是美國(guó)社會(huì)最大的障礙，也是引發(fā)道德衰落的原因，由此可知B選項(xiàng)“個(gè)人的自我中心”正確。而對(duì)物質(zhì)財(cái)富的崇尚，和財(cái)富本身的增長(zhǎng)沒(méi)有直接聯(lián)系，因此A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；C選項(xiàng)出現(xiàn)在第三段的第一句thechallengeisnottobeunderestimated（挑戰(zhàn)不應(yīng)被低估），這里的挑戰(zhàn)就是指的Materialism和individualism，但是選項(xiàng)把challenge換成了change，因此屬于偷換概念，C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；D選項(xiàng)出現(xiàn)在倒數(shù)第二段，根據(jù)篇章分析對(duì)這一段的說(shuō)明，這種歧視現(xiàn)象是過(guò)去那個(gè)道德水平較高時(shí)代的現(xiàn)象，因此絕不會(huì)是它引起了現(xiàn)今道德水平的下降，因此D選項(xiàng)也錯(cuò)誤。

3.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第四段Someofthiscanbeattributedtothedisintegrationoftraditionalcommunities,inwhichneighborslookedoutforoneanother,shesays.（她說(shuō)，這在一定程度上可以歸因于傳統(tǒng)社區(qū)的解體，在傳統(tǒng)社區(qū)中，鄰居們互相照顧。）由此可見(jiàn)，對(duì)鄰居的關(guān)照是傳統(tǒng)社區(qū)的特點(diǎn)，因此C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)鄰居的關(guān)心”正確。A選項(xiàng)體現(xiàn)在Withtoday’sgreatermobilityandwithsomanycouplesworking,thosebondshavebeenweakened,replacedbyagreateremphasisonself.（隨著當(dāng)今社會(huì)流動(dòng)性的增強(qiáng)，以及如此多的夫妻都在工作，這種紐帶已經(jīng)被削弱，取而代之的是對(duì)自我的更加強(qiáng)調(diào)。）這里提到了高流動(dòng)性，高流動(dòng)性實(shí)際應(yīng)該是指人口居住地不斷變化，鄰居之間相處時(shí)間不會(huì)很長(zhǎng)，也就無(wú)法培養(yǎng)良好關(guān)系，當(dāng)然也不會(huì)互相關(guān)心互相照料?？梢哉f(shuō)A是造成B和D的原因之一（另一原因是雙職工——夫妻二人都去上班，也就很少有機(jī)會(huì)和鄰居交往），而B(niǎo)和D都是現(xiàn)今社會(huì)的特點(diǎn)，不是傳統(tǒng)社區(qū)的特點(diǎn)，因此A、B、D不對(duì)。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第五段DatashowthatAmericansarestrugglingwithproblemsunheardofinthe1950s,suchasclassroomviolenceandahighrateofbirthstounmarriedmothers（數(shù)據(jù)顯示，美國(guó)人正艱難應(yīng)對(duì)問(wèn)題聞所未聞的1950年代，如課堂暴力和高速率的未婚母親。）開(kāi)頭是“數(shù)據(jù)表明”，后面是數(shù)據(jù)所顯示的內(nèi)容。Americansarestrugglingwithproblemsunheardofinthe1950s，美國(guó)人正在同許多問(wèn)題做斗爭(zhēng)，這些問(wèn)題在五十年代聞所未聞（unheardof），suchas表示例舉，說(shuō)明classroomviolence是problems的一個(gè)例子，由此可得A選項(xiàng)“是聞所未聞的”正確。C的說(shuō)法與A正好相反，bynomeans，絕非；rare，極少，雙重否定等于肯定，也就是說(shuō)班級(jí)暴力在五十年代經(jīng)常發(fā)生，是錯(cuò)誤的；B的說(shuō)法與A相互矛盾，既然聞所未聞，也就不可能投入關(guān)注；D有一定迷惑性，按照句意，班級(jí)暴力肯定存在于分析家的數(shù)據(jù)中，因?yàn)榫漕^就有datashow。但要注意，題目的開(kāi)頭有一句Inthe1950s，也就是說(shuō)班級(jí)暴力進(jìn)入分析家的數(shù)據(jù)是在50年代。班級(jí)暴力在那時(shí)尚且聞所未聞，當(dāng)然是不可能進(jìn)入分析數(shù)據(jù)的。

5.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞可以直接定位到最后一段，Moraldeclinewillnotbereverseduntilpeoplefindwaystocounterthematerialisminsociety（除非人們找到對(duì)抗社會(huì)上物質(zhì)主義的方法，否則道德滑坡是不會(huì)逆轉(zhuǎn)的。）因此D選項(xiàng)“如果不太重視物質(zhì)的東西”正確。A和C都是沒(méi)有提到的，B選項(xiàng)不是它的條件。

18.單選題

WhenColumbus（）Americain1492,thecontinen