詞形變換小結(jié)

詞形變換小結(jié)詞形變換小結(jié)詞形變換小結(jié)V:1.0精細整理，僅供參考詞形變換小結(jié)日期：20xx年X月詞形變換小結(jié)一、形容詞變副詞的規(guī)則1.一般情況下直接加“l(fā)y”，如quick---quicklyreal-reallyhelpful-helpfullycareful-carefullyhopeful-hopefullyslow-slowlyquick-quicklyquiet-quietly2.以輔音字母“y”結(jié)尾的,先將“y”改成“i”,再加“l(fā)y”，如happy---happilybusy-busilyangry-angrilyeasy-easily3、以輔音字母加不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾和以-ue結(jié)尾的形容詞要先去掉e,然后再加-y或-ly。例如：terrible-terribly;gentle-gently;simple→simplyprobable–probably;able-ably;true-truly但絕大多數(shù)以e結(jié)尾的形容詞仍然直接加-ly。例如：polite-politely,wide-widely等。另外,副詞還可以由形容詞加前綴a-得來,如:loud(adj.)-aloud(adv.)4.以ll結(jié)尾的詞只加yfull-fullydull→dully以ic結(jié)尾的詞加allyautomatic-automaticallyenergetic-energeticallydemocratic→democratically有些以-ly結(jié)尾既為形容詞，也為副詞。daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，earlyTheTimesisadailypaper.TheTimesispublisheddaily.此外,部分名詞加后綴也可變成副詞,如:part-partly,例句:Itispartlyherfault.有部分是她的錯。需注意:friendly，deadly，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly,fatherly,motherly，lovely等是形容詞而非副詞。形容詞變副詞通常是加ly,特殊變化請記住以下口訣：一般直接加，“元e”去e加，“輔y”改i加，“l(fā)e”結(jié)尾e改y。分別舉例如下：quick—quickly,true—truly,happy—happily,gentle—gentlypossible—bable—probably在英語中,有些詞既可以作形容詞,又可以作副詞,如early,much,fast,little,wide,loud,high,deep，hard等。由于這類詞詞性雖不同,但詞形卻一樣,這就需要大家學(xué)會在特定語境中判斷它們各自的詞性。例句:Thankyouverymuch.(adv.)多謝。Thereismuchwaterintheriver.(adj.)Themusicistooturnitdown.(adj.)Hespeaksloudenough,Soeveryoneintheroomcanhearwhathesaid.(adv.)他說話的聲音很大,所以房間里每個人都能聽到他的話。兼有兩種形式的副詞

1)close與closely

close意思是"近"；closely意思是"仔細地"

Heissittingclosetome.

Watchhimclosely.

2)late與lately

late意思是"晚"；lately意思是"最近"Youhavecometoolate.Whathaveyoubeendoinglately3)deep與deeply

deep意思是"深"，表示空間深度；deeply時常表示感情上的深度，"深深地"

Hepushedthestickdeepintothemud.

Evenfatherwasdeeplymovedbythefilm.

4)high與highly

high表示空間高度；highly表示程度，相當(dāng)于muchTheplanewasflyinghigh.Ithinkhighlyofyouropinion.5)wide與widely

wide表示空間寬度；widely意思是"廣泛地"，"在許多地方"

Heopenedthedoorwide.

Englishiswidelyusedintheworld.

6)free與freely

free的意思是"免費"；freely的意思是"無限制地"Youcaneatfreeinmyrestaurantwheneveryoulike.Youmayspeakfreely;saywhatyoulike.另外,還有一類副詞和形容詞詞義相同,但拼寫卻不同,如well和good。例句HespeaksgoodEnglish.他講一口流利的英語。HespeaksEnglishwell.他英語講得不錯。二、動詞變名詞小結(jié)1.在詞尾加er,r,雙寫加er或or:play—player,sing

—singerwait—waiter,find—finderB.write—writer,drive—drivercome—comer,explore—explorerdance—dancerC.run—runner,

win—winnertraval—travallerD.visit—visitor,invent—inventor2.在詞尾加ing:build—building,draw—drawingend—ending,begin—beginningswim—swimming，skate—skatingfeel—feeling,say—saying,mean—meaning,cross—crossingsurf—surfing,paint—painting3.在詞尾加ion或去e加ion:1)以-d或-de結(jié)尾的動詞，在對應(yīng)的名詞和形容詞中，d通常變成s，如:provide→provision，decide→decisioninvade(侵略)→invasion等等。2)以-end結(jié)尾的動詞，往往有-ent結(jié)尾的名詞與之對應(yīng)。如extend→extent，descend→descent，等等3)以te結(jié)尾去e加ion，如:celebrate—celebration,educate—educationgraduate—graduation,donate—donationcontribute—contributioninvite—invitationcongratulate—congratulationoperate—operationpollute—pollutionappreciate—appreciation以t結(jié)尾加ion,如：attract—attractioninvent—inventioninstruct—instruction注意：

describe—descriptiondiscuss—discussionproduce—production,pronounce—pronunciation,organize—orgnizationdetermine—determinationimpress—impression4.在詞尾加ment結(jié)尾achieve---achievement成就advertise---advertisement廣告agree—agreement協(xié)議enjoy—enjoymentamuse—amusement娛樂develop---developmentequip裝備---equipment裝備，器材govern統(tǒng)治—government政府manage---management經(jīng)營,管理argue---argument爭吵know—knowledge,please—pleasurepractise—practiceadvise—advicedie—death,succeed—successweigh—weight，sit—seat,fly—flight,discover—discovery，fail—failure,behave—behaviormix—mixture,press—pressureappear—appearance，enter—entranceguide—guidanceperform—performancetour在---旅游,在---作巡回演出直接+地點tourChina---tour旅游/tourist游客三、動詞變形容詞

1.詞尾加ful:use–usefulcare-careful,help–helpfulthank-thankfulpeace–peacefulforget–forgetful

succeed–successfulwonder-wonderful2.詞尾加d或ed:

please–pleasedunite–unitedexcite–excitedsurprise–surprisedorganize–organizedclose-closed,wound–woundedrelax–relaxeddevelop–developedappreciate–appreciatedinterest–interesteduse-used,frighten–frightenedcrowd-crowded,pollute-polluted3.詞尾加ing:interest–interestingsurprise–surprisingexcite–excitingdevelop–developingfrighten–frighteningsleep-sleepingfrustrate–frustratingrelax—relaxinglive–living4.詞尾變y為i,加ed:worry-worried,marry-married,fry-fried,terrify-terrifiedsatisfy-satisfied5.詞尾加able:know-knowledgeable,enjoy-enjoyable,suit-suitableadjust-adjustable,comfort-comfortable6.其它：

lose-lost,fool-foolish,live-lively/alive/living,sleep-sleepy/sleeping/asleep,wake-awake,taste-tastyspeak-spoken,break-broken,die-dead,educate-aducational四、名詞變形容詞有時在名詞之前或末尾加上不同的前綴或后綴就可以變?yōu)樾稳菰~。如：sleep（睡覺）→asleep（睡著的）→sleepy（瞌睡的，困乏的）help（幫助）→helpful（有幫助的）等。下面就名詞變?yōu)樾稳菰~的構(gòu)成方法歸納如下:1.名詞加-y構(gòu)成形容詞。表示“充滿……的”

rain（雨水）→rainy（多雨的）wind（風(fēng)）→windy（多風(fēng)的，風(fēng)大的）

cloud（云）→cloudy（多云的，陰天的）snow（雪）→snowy（多雪的）

sun（太陽）→sunny（多陽光的，明朗的）[特別提醒：別忘了雙寫n]

luck（運氣）→lucky（幸運的）noise（嘈雜聲）→noisy（嘈雜的，喧鬧的）[特別提醒：別忘了去掉e]health（健康）→healthy（健康的）2.名詞加-ful構(gòu)成形容詞，表示肯定。

use（使用）→useful（有用的，有益的）help（幫助）→helpful（有幫助的，有益的）harm（傷害，損害）→harmful（有害的）forget（忘記）→forgetful（健忘的）beauty（美麗）→beautiful（美麗的）[特別提醒：別忘了把-y變成-i，再加-ful]

care(關(guān)心，小心)→careful（小心的，仔細的）pain（疼痛）→painful（疼痛的）wonder（驚奇）→wonderful（極好的）color(顏色)→colorful(多彩的；色彩艷麗的)thank（感謝）→thankful（感激的，欣賞的）3.名詞加-less構(gòu)成形容詞，表示否定。

use（用處）→useless（無用的）care（關(guān)心，小心）→careless（粗心的）harm（傷害，損害）→harmless（無害的）help（幫助）→helpless（無助的，無用的）

4.名詞加-ly構(gòu)成形容詞，這種形容詞常具有贊美的意味。

friend（朋友）→friendly（友好的）love（愛）→lovel