2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-國(guó)防科技大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)55

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-國(guó)防科技大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Shamsanddelusionsareesteemedforsoundesttruths,whilerealityisfabulous.Ifmenwouldsteadilyobserverealitiesonly,andnotallowthemselvestobedeluded,life,tocompareitwithsuchthingsasweknow,wouldbelikeafairytaleandtheArabianNights’Entertainments.Ifwererespectedonlywhatisinevitableandhasarighttobe,musicandpoetrywouldresoundalongthestreets.Whenweareunhurriedandwise,weperceivethatonlygreatandworthythingshaveanypermanentandabsoluteexistence—thatpettyfearsandpettypleasurearebuttheshadowofreality.Thisisalwaysexhilaratingandsublime.Byclosingtheeyesandslumbering,byconsentingtobedeceivedbyshows,menestablishandconfirmtheirdailylifeofroutineandhabiteverywhere,whichstillisbuiltonpurelyillusoryfoundation.Children,whoplaylife,discernitstruelawandrelationsmoreclearlythanmen,whofailtoliveworthily,butwhothinkthattheyarewiserbyexperience,thatis,byfailure.IhavereadinaHindoobook,that“therewasaking’sson,who,beingexpelledininfancyfromhisnativecity,wasbroughtupbyaforester,and,growinguptomaturityinthatstate,imaginedhimselftobelongtothebarbarousracewithwhichbelived.Oneofhisfather’sministershavingdiscoveredhim,revealedtohimwhathewas,andthemisconceptionofhischaracterwasremoved,andheknewhimselftobeaprince.Sosoul,fromthecircumstancesinwhichitisplaced,mistakesitsowncharacter,untilthetruthisrevealedtoitbysomeholyteacher,andthenitknowsitselftobeBrahme.”Wethinkthatthatiswhichappearstobe.Ifamanshouldgiveusanaccountoftherealitieshebeheld,weshouldnotrecognizetheplaceinhisdescription.Lookatameeting-house,oracourt-house,orajail,orashop.Oradwelling-house,andsaywhatthatthingreallyisbeforeatruegaze,andtheywouldallgotopiecesinyouraccountofthem.Menesteemtruthremote,intheoutskirtsofthesystem,behindthefartheststar,beforeAdamandafterthelastman.Ineternitythereisindeedsomethingtrueandsublime.Butallthesetimesandplacesandoccasionsarenowandhere.Godhimselfculminatesinthepresentmoment,andwillneverbemoredivineinthelapseofallages.Andweareenabledtoapprehendatallwhatissublimeandnobleonlybytheperpetualinstillinganddrenchingoftherealitythatsurroundsus.Theuniverseconstantlyandobedientlyanswerstoourconceptions;whetherwetravelfastorslow,thetrackislaidforus.Letusspendourlivesinconceivingthen.Thepoetortheartistneveryethadasfairandnobleadesignbutsomeofhisposterityatleastcouldaccomplishit.

39.Thewriter’sattitudetowardtheartsisoneof______.

40.Theauthorbelievesthatachild______.

41.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwithurgingthereaderto______.

42.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithproblemof______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.admiration

B.indifference

C.suspicion

D.repulsion

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.shouldpracticewhattheHindoospreach.

B.frequentlyfacesvitalproblemsbetterthangrownupsdo.

C.hardlyeverknowshistrueorigin.

D.isincapableofappreciatingthearts.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.looktothefutureforenlightenment.

B.appraisethepresentforitstruevalue.

C.honorthewisdomofthepastages.

D.spendmoretimeinleisureactivities.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.historyandeconomics.

B.societyandpopulation.

C.biologyandphysics.

D.theologyandphilosophy.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】39.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】作者態(tài)度題。題干意思是“作者對(duì)藝術(shù)的態(tài)度是……”。文章第三句提到Ifwererespectedonlywhatisinevitableandhasarighttobe,musicandpoetrywouldresoundalongthestreets.（如果我們只尊重必然的東西，尊重有權(quán)威為必然的東西，那么音樂(lè)和詩(shī)歌會(huì)重新在街上唱誦）以及最后一句說(shuō)到Thepoetortheartistneveryethadasfairandnobleadesignbutsomeofhisposterityatleastcouldaccomplishit.（雖然詩(shī)人或藝術(shù)家從來(lái)沒(méi)有如此美好和崇高的設(shè)想，但至少他的一些后代會(huì)達(dá)到這一步的），從這兩個(gè)句子我們可以知道作者把藝術(shù)看作是崇高和美好，而不是被蒙蔽的東西，所以A項(xiàng)“欽佩，贊賞”符合。B項(xiàng)“漠不關(guān)心”、C項(xiàng)“懷疑”和D項(xiàng)“反感，厭惡”都不準(zhǔn)確。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

40.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“作者相信一個(gè)孩子……”。第七句提到Children,whoplaylife,discernitstruelawandrelationsmoreclearlythanmen,whofailtoliveworthily…（孩子們游戲生活，卻比那些難以很好生活的成人們更能清楚的分辨出顯示生活的真正規(guī)律和聯(lián)系……），由此可知，對(duì)于生活中的困難和問(wèn)題，作者相信孩子們能夠比成年人更好地去面對(duì)，故B項(xiàng)“常常比成年人更好地面對(duì)各種問(wèn)題”符合題意。C項(xiàng)“幾乎不知道他的真實(shí)出身”，這是講的王子的事情，不是一般的孩子。A項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該實(shí)踐印度布道所宣揚(yáng)的東西”和D項(xiàng)“難以欣賞藝術(shù)”在文中沒(méi)有描述。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

41.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“作者主要關(guān)心的是敦促讀者……”。文章提到Ineternitythereisindeedsomethingtrueandsublime.Butallthesetimesandplacesandoccasionsarenowandhere.Godhimselfculminatesinthepresentmoment,andwillneverbemoredivineinthelapseofallages.Andweareenabledtoapprehendatallwhatissublimeandnobleonlybytheperpetualinstillinganddrenchingoftherealitythatsurroundsus.（永恒中，確實(shí)有真實(shí)和崇高的東西存在。但是所有這一切時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，機(jī)遇都是在此時(shí)此地。上帝本身在現(xiàn)時(shí)達(dá)到了頂峰。在今后流逝的歲月中，它絕不會(huì)更加神圣崇高。我們只有長(zhǎng)期不斷地灌輸和浸潤(rùn)在周?chē)F(xiàn)實(shí)之中，才能理解什么是崇高和神圣的東西。），由此可知，真實(shí)和崇高的東西都是存在于現(xiàn)在的，在今后的歲月中，絕對(duì)不會(huì)變得更加神圣和崇高，所以可推知，作者強(qiáng)調(diào)的是人們應(yīng)該珍惜現(xiàn)在，所以B項(xiàng)“珍視目前的真正價(jià)值”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“展望未來(lái)，尋求啟迪”與原文不符。C項(xiàng)“尊重過(guò)去的智慧”和D項(xiàng)“花更多的時(shí)間在休閑活動(dòng)上”沒(méi)提到。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

42.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“這篇文章主要是關(guān)于……的問(wèn)題”。通讀全文可知，文章整篇都在就真理和現(xiàn)實(shí)來(lái)展開(kāi)論述，傳遞的內(nèi)容是哲學(xué)推理論說(shuō)，所以D項(xiàng)“神學(xué)和哲學(xué)”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“歷史和經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)”、B項(xiàng)“社會(huì)和人口”和C項(xiàng)“生物學(xué)和物理學(xué)”都在文中找不到相關(guān)的信息。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Abutterfly’swinghasmyriadtinyscales.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.prodigious

B.spectacular

C.countless

D.appalling

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)prodigious“驚人的，異常的，奇妙的”，B項(xiàng)spectacular“壯觀的，驚人的”，C項(xiàng)countless“無(wú)數(shù)的，數(shù)不盡的”，D項(xiàng)appalling“可怕的，令人震驚的”。句意：蝴蝶的翅膀上有無(wú)數(shù)細(xì)小的鱗片。根據(jù)句意可知，myriad在句中表示“無(wú)數(shù)的”，因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

3.單選題

Hewasverypluckyindealingwiththeintruders.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.timid

B.brave

C.shy

D.nervous

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)timid“膽小的，羞怯的”，B項(xiàng)brave“勇敢的，無(wú)畏的，表現(xiàn)勇敢的”，C項(xiàng)shy“害羞的，畏縮的”，D項(xiàng)nervous“神經(jīng)的，緊張不安的”。句意：他在對(duì)付闖入者時(shí)非常勇敢。根據(jù)句意可知，plucky在句中表示“勇敢”。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

4.單選題

TheFBIkeptthehouseunderconstant______inthehopeofcapturingallthecriminalsatonetime.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.cessation

B.surveillance

C.guidance

D.supervision

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)cessation表示“停止，中止”，B項(xiàng)surveillance表示“監(jiān)督，（對(duì)犯罪嫌疑人或可能發(fā)生犯罪的地方的）監(jiān)視”，C項(xiàng)guidance表示“指導(dǎo)，引導(dǎo)”，D項(xiàng)supervision表示“監(jiān)督，管理”，指活動(dòng)或行動(dòng)過(guò)程中的監(jiān)督，尤指批判性地指導(dǎo)。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞FBI（聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局）和criminals（罪犯）可知，“監(jiān)視”符合語(yǔ)境。句意：聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局不斷監(jiān)視這所房子，希望能一次性抓獲所有罪犯。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Gluttonouswhenitcomestochocolate,Justineatsthisdecadenttreat_____.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.furtively

B.fleetingly

C.voraciously

D.covertly

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A項(xiàng)“偷偷地”，B項(xiàng)“飛快地”，C項(xiàng)“貪婪地；狼吞虎咽地”，D項(xiàng)“偷偷摸摸地”。根據(jù)句意：一提到巧克力就饞嘴，Justin吃著這種頹廢的食物。因此只有C項(xiàng)符合。

6.單選題

Simplysurvivingthoseoceancrossingsofindeterminatelength,inopencanoes,toarriveontheshoresofuninhabitedandhithertounknownislands,wasaformidableachievement.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.undecided

B.uncertain

C.unacceptable

D.increasing

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)undecided“未定的，未決定的”，B項(xiàng)uncertain“無(wú)把握的，多變的，不確定的”，C項(xiàng)unacceptable“不能接受的，不受歡迎的”，D項(xiàng)increasing“越來(lái)越多的，漸增的”。句意：僅僅是乘著獨(dú)木舟在漫長(zhǎng)的海上航行中幸存下來(lái)，到達(dá)無(wú)人居住的、無(wú)人知道的島嶼的海岸，就是一項(xiàng)了不起的成就。indeterminate在句中表示“不確定的”，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中意思與之相近的是B項(xiàng)。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

7.單選題

Vacillatingbetweenlovingherparentsoneminuteandhatingthemthenext,shewasconfusedbythe______ofherfeelings.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.agitation

B.ambivalence

C.anachronism

D.abnegation

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)agitation表示“激動(dòng)，攪動(dòng)，煽動(dòng)”，B項(xiàng)ambivalence表示“矛盾情緒，正反感情并存”，C項(xiàng)anachronism表示“時(shí)代錯(cuò)誤，不合潮流的人或物”，D項(xiàng)abnegation表示“拒絕，放棄”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息Vacillatingbetweenlovingherparentsoneminuteandhatingthemthenext（對(duì)她父母時(shí)愛(ài)時(shí)恨）可知，“矛盾情緒”符合語(yǔ)境。句意：她因深陷于對(duì)她父母時(shí)愛(ài)時(shí)恨的矛盾心態(tài)中而感到困惑不堪。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Itshouldbeobviousthatcetaceans-whales,porpoises,anddolphinsaremammals.Theybreathethroughlungs,notthroughgills,andgivebirthtoliveyoung.Theirstreamlinedbodies,theabsenceofhindlegs,andthepresenceofaflukeandblowholecannotdisguisetheiraffinitieswithlanddwellingmammals.However,unlikethecasesofseaottersandpinnipeds(seals,sealions,andwalruses,whoselimbsarefunctionalbothonlandandatsea),itisnoteasytoenvisionwhatthefirstwhaleslookedlike.Extinctbutalreadyfullymarinecetaceansareknownfromthefossilrecord.Howwasthegapbetweenawalkingmammalandaswimmingwhalebridged?Missinguntilrecentlywerefossilsclearlyintermediate,ortransitional,betweenlandmammalsandcetaceans.

Veryexcitingdiscoverieshavefinallyallowedscientiststoreconstructthemostlikelyoriginsofcetaceans.In1979,ateamlookingforfossilsinnorthernPakistanfoundwhatprovedtobetheoldestfossilwhale.ThefossilwasofficialnamedPakicetusinhonorofthecountrywherethediscoverywasmade.Pakicetuswasfoundembeddedinrocksformedfromriverdepositsthatwere52millionyearsold.TheriverthatformedthesedepositswasactuallynotfarfromanancientoceanknownastheTethysSea.

Thefossilconsistsofacompleteskullofanarchaeocyte,anextinctgroupofancestorsofmoderncetaceans.Althoughlimitedtoaskull,thePakicetusfossilprovidespreciousdetailsontheoriginsofcetaceans.Theskulliscetacean-likebutitsjawboneslacktheenlargedspacethatisfilledwithfatoroilandusedforreceivingunderwatersoundinmodernwhales.Pakicetusprobablydetectedsoundthroughtheearopeningasinlandmammals.Theskullalsolacksablowhole,anothercetaceanadaptationfordiving.Otherfeatures,however,showexpertsthatPakicetusisatransitionalformbetweenagroupofextinctflesh-eatingmammals,themesonychids,andcetaceans.IthasbeensuggestedthatPakicetusfedonfishinshallowwaterandwasnotyetadaptedforlifeintheopenocean.Itprobablybredandgavebirthonland.

AnothermajordiscoverywasmadeinEgyptin1989.Severalskeletonsofanotherearlywhale,Basilosaurus,werefoundinsedimentsleftbytheTethysSeaandnowexposedintheSaharadesert.Thiswhalelivedaround40millionyearsago,12millionyearsafterPakicetus.Manyincompleteskeletonswerefoundbuttheyincluded,forthefirsttimeinanarchaeocyte,acompletehindlegthatfeaturesafootwiththreetinytoes.Suchlegswouldhavebeenfartoosmalltohavesupportedthe50-foot-longBasilosaurusonland.Basilosauruswasundoubtedlyafullymarinewhalewithpossiblynonfunctional,orvestigial,hindlegs.

58.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromparagraph1aboutearlyseaotters?

59.Pakicetusandmoderncetaceanshavesimilar______.

60.ThehindlegofBasilosauruswasasignificantfindbecauseitshowedthatBasilosaurus______.

61.ItcanbeinferredthatBasilosaurusbredandgavebirthinwhichofthefollowinglocations?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itisnotdifficulttoimaginewhattheylookedlike.

B.Thereweregreatnumbersofthem.

C.Theylivedintheseaonly.

D.Theydidnotleavemanyfossilremains.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.hearingstructures

B.adaptationsfordiving

C.skullshapes

D.breedinglocations

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.livedlaterthanAmbulocetusnatans

B.livedatthesametimeasPakicetus

C.wasabletoswimwell

D.couldnothavewalkedonland

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Onland.

B.Bothonlandandatsea.

C.Inshallowwater.

D.Inamarineenvironment.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:D

【解析】58.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“從第1段中可以推斷出關(guān)于早期海獺的哪一項(xiàng)？”。根據(jù)第一段第四句However,unlikethecasesofseaottersandpinnipeds(seals,sealions,andwalruses,whoselimbsarefunctionalbothonlandandatsea),itisnoteasytoenvisionwhatthefirstwhaleslookedlike.（然而，不像海獺和鰭足類(lèi)動(dòng)物，如海豹、海獅和海象，它們的四肢既能在陸地上也能在海上活動(dòng)，很難想象第一批鯨魚(yú)長(zhǎng)什么樣）可知，第一批鯨魚(yú)不像海獺和鰭足類(lèi)動(dòng)物一樣，它們只能在海里活動(dòng)，所以很難想象它們的樣子，從而反推，想象早期的海獺是什么樣子沒(méi)有那么難，故A項(xiàng)“不難想象它們長(zhǎng)什么樣”正確，由此也可知C項(xiàng)“他們只住在海里”與原文不符；第一段都沒(méi)有提到早期海獺的數(shù)量及其化石，B項(xiàng)“數(shù)量巨大”和D項(xiàng)“他們沒(méi)有留下很多化石遺跡”不選。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

59.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“巴基鯨和現(xiàn)代鯨目動(dòng)物也有類(lèi)似的……”。根據(jù)第三段第三句Theskulliscetacean-likebutitsjawboneslacktheenlargedspacethatisfilledwithfatoroilandusedforreceivingunderwatersoundinmodernwhales.（這個(gè)頭骨與鯨類(lèi)動(dòng)物相似，但它的下顎骨缺少現(xiàn)代鯨魚(yú)用來(lái)接收水下聲音的、充滿(mǎn)脂肪或油的擴(kuò)大空間。）可知，Pakicetus化石有和現(xiàn)代鯨目動(dòng)物相似的頭骨，C項(xiàng)“頭骨形狀”正確；第三段第四句提到Pakicetusprobablydetectedsoundthroughtheearopeningasinlandmammals.（巴基鯨可能像陸地哺乳動(dòng)物一樣通過(guò)耳孔探測(cè)聲音。）可知，巴基鯨的聽(tīng)力結(jié)構(gòu)可能和陸地哺乳動(dòng)物一樣，但現(xiàn)代鯨目動(dòng)物是海洋哺乳生物，故A項(xiàng)“聽(tīng)力結(jié)構(gòu)”錯(cuò)誤；第三段最后兩句指出IthasbeensuggestedthatPakicetusfedonfishinshallowwaterandwasnotyetadaptedforlifeintheopenocean.Itprobablybredandgavebirthonland.（據(jù)推測(cè)，巴基鯨以淺水魚(yú)類(lèi)為食，尚未適應(yīng)在開(kāi)闊的海洋中生活。它可能在陸地上繁殖和繁殖。）可知，巴基鯨并不能在海中生活更別說(shuō)潛水，而且它們?cè)陉懙厣戏敝?，現(xiàn)代鯨目動(dòng)物并不能在陸地上繁殖，所以B項(xiàng)“對(duì)潛水的適應(yīng)能力”和D項(xiàng)“繁殖地點(diǎn)”均錯(cuò)誤。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

60.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“龍王鯨的后肢是一個(gè)重要的發(fā)現(xiàn)，因?yàn)樗砻鼾埻貊L……”。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞hindleg可定位到文章最后兩句Suchlegswouldhavebeenfartoosmalltohavesupportedthe50-foot-longBasilosaurusonland.Basilosauruswasundoubtedlyafullymarinewhalewithpossiblynonfunctional,orvestigial,hindlegs.（這樣的后肢太小了，根本無(wú)法在陸地上支撐50英尺長(zhǎng)的龍王鯨。龍王鯨無(wú)疑是一種完全的海洋鯨魚(yú)，有著可能沒(méi)有功能或退化的后腿。），由此可推測(cè)，龍王鯨因?yàn)楹笾《荒苤巫约旱纳眢w，所以它不能在陸地上行走，是一種完全的海洋生物，所以D項(xiàng)“不能在陸地上行走”正確；A項(xiàng)“生活的時(shí)期比陸行鯨晚”，最后一段并未提及龍王鯨和陸行鯨生活的時(shí)期先后的比較，所以A項(xiàng)并不能從文中推斷出來(lái)；B項(xiàng)“和巴基鯨生活在同一時(shí)期”，最后一段提到Thiswhalelivedaround40millionyearsago,12millionyearsafterPakicetus.（這種鯨魚(yú)生活在大約4000萬(wàn)年前，比巴基鯨晚1200萬(wàn)年。）可知，B項(xiàng)與原文不符；C項(xiàng)“游的很好”，文中雖然說(shuō)龍王鯨是一種完全的海洋生物，但是并沒(méi)有信息可以推敲出它游的很好，C項(xiàng)過(guò)度推斷。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

61.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“可以推斷，龍王鯨是在以下哪個(gè)地點(diǎn)繁殖和分娩的？”。文章最后一句指出Basilosauruswasundoubtedlyafullymarinewhalewithpossiblynonfunctional,orvestigial,hindlegs.（龍王鯨無(wú)疑是一種完全的海洋鯨魚(yú)，有著可能沒(méi)有功能或退化的后腿。）可知，龍王鯨是在海洋里面生活的，A項(xiàng)“在陸地上”和B項(xiàng)“陸上和海上都有”因此錯(cuò)誤；文章并沒(méi)有強(qiáng)調(diào)或者提及龍王鯨到底是生活在海洋的淺水區(qū)還是深水區(qū)，所以只能推斷龍王鯨是在海洋環(huán)境中繁殖和分娩的，D項(xiàng)“在海洋環(huán)境中”正確，C項(xiàng)“在淺水區(qū)”太片面。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Noonewouldhavetimetoreadorlistentoanaccountofeverything_____goingonintheworld.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.itis

B.thereis

C.asis

D.whatis

【答案】B

【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知everything為定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞，everything后面所接部分是修飾everything的定語(yǔ)從句；thereis結(jié)構(gòu)作“目前有的”解時(shí)，可引導(dǎo)限定性定語(yǔ)從句，置于被修飾的名詞后面，作該從句主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞that常常省略。

10.單選題

Thencametheclose-upimagesobtainedbytheexploratoryspacecraftVoyage2,andwithindays,Europawastransformed—inourperception,atleast—intooneofthesolarsystem’smostintriguingworlds.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.changing

B.perfect

C.visible

D.fascinating

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)changing“變化的，發(fā)展的”，B項(xiàng)perfect“完美的，最好的”，C項(xiàng)visible“明顯的，看得見(jiàn)的”，D項(xiàng)fascinating“迷人的，吸引人的”。句意：然后是探測(cè)飛船“航行2號(hào)”獲得的特寫(xiě)圖像，在幾天之內(nèi)，至少在我們看來(lái)，木衛(wèi)二就變成了太陽(yáng)系中最迷人的世界之一。intriguing在句中表示“迷人的”。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

11.單選題

Theyogainstructorexplainedthatdeep,diaphragmaticbreathingispalpablewhenoneplacesherhandonherabdomen.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tangible

B.dappled

C.pedantic

D.variable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。題干palpable“易于察覺(jué)的；可意識(shí)到的”。A項(xiàng)“有形的；可感知的”，B項(xiàng)“有斑點(diǎn)的；花斑的”，C項(xiàng)“迂腐的”，D項(xiàng)“多變的；易變的”。根據(jù)選項(xiàng)詞義，選A。句意：瑜伽教練解釋說(shuō)，當(dāng)一個(gè)人把手放在腹部時(shí)，可以感覺(jué)到腹式深呼吸。

12.單選題

Thebuildingisagreatsuccess,______atriumph,forthedesigner.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.namely

B.orrather

C.and

D.particularly

【答案】B

【解析】考查連詞辨析。A項(xiàng)namely“也就是，即是”，B項(xiàng)orrather“更精確地說(shuō)，倒不如說(shuō)”，C項(xiàng)and“和”，D項(xiàng)particularly“異乎尋常地，特別是”。由success（成功）和triumph（勝利）可知，這兩個(gè)意思相近，success強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果，triumph強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)程和動(dòng)作，所以空格處填入B項(xiàng)更符合句子語(yǔ)境。句意：對(duì)于設(shè)計(jì)者來(lái)說(shuō)，這座建筑是一個(gè)巨大的成功，或者更確切地說(shuō)是一個(gè)勝利。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

13.單選題

Ms.Fineenthusiasticallyinquiredaboutherson’sdayatschool,butherepliedwitha______“prettygood.”

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.terse

B.pithy

C.complacent

D.acquiescent

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)terse表示“簡(jiǎn)潔的，精練的，扼要的”，B項(xiàng)pithy表示“有髓的，多髓的，精練的”，C項(xiàng)complacent表示“自滿(mǎn)的，得意的，滿(mǎn)足的”，D項(xiàng)acquiescent表示“默認(rèn)的，默許的，甘心接受的”。根據(jù)enthusiastically（滿(mǎn)腔熱情地）以及but轉(zhuǎn)折可知，butherepliedwitha______“prettygood.”應(yīng)該表示“但是他簡(jiǎn)短的回答了‘非常好’三個(gè)字”。句意：范恩熱情地詢(xún)問(wèn)兒子在學(xué)校的日子怎么樣，但他簡(jiǎn)短地回答說(shuō)：“非常好?！币虼?，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Theshiftfromsilenttosoundfilmattheendofthe1920smarks,sofar,themostimportanttransformationinmotionpicturehistory.Despiteallthehighlyvisibletechnologicaldevelopmentsintheatricalandhomedeliveryofthemovingimagethathaveoccurredoverthedecadessincethen,nosingleinnovationhascomeclosetobeingregardedasasimilarkindofwatershed.Innearlyeverylanguage,howeverthewordsarephrased,themostbasicdivisionincinemahistoryliesbetweenfilmsthataremuteandfilmsthatspeak.

Yetthismostfundamentalstandardofhistoricalperiodizationconcealsahostofparadoxes.Nearlyeverymovietheater,howevermodest,hadapianoororgantoprovidemusicalaccompanimenttosilentpictures.Inmanyinstances,spectatorsintheerabeforerecordedsoundexperiencedelaborateauralpresentationsalongsidemovies’visualimages,fromtheJapanesebenshi(narrators)craftingmultivoiceddialoguenarrativestooriginalmusicalcompositionsperformedbysymphony-sizeorchestrasinEuropeandtheUnitedStates.InBerlin,forthepremiereperformanceoutsidetheSovietUnionofTheBattleshipPotemkin,filmdirectorSergeiEisensteinworkedwithAustriancomposerEdmundMeisel(1874-1930)onamusicalscorematchingsoundtoimage;theBerlinscreeningswithlivemusichelpedtobringthefilmitswideinternationalfame.

Beyondthat,thetriumphofrecordedsoundhasovershadowedtherichdiversityoftechnologicalandaestheticexperimentswiththevisualimagethatweregoingforwardsimultaneouslyinthe1920s.Newcolorprocesses,largerordifferentlyshapedscreensizes,multiple-screenprojections,eventelevision,wereamongthedevelopmentsinventedortriedoutduringtheperiod,sometimeswithstartlingsuccess.Thehighcostsofconvertingtosoundandtheearlylimitationsofsoundtechnologywereamongthefactorsthatsuppressedinnovationsorretardedadvancementintheseotherareas.Theintroductionofnewscreenformatswasputoffforaquartercentury,andcolor,thoughutilizedoverthenexttwodecadesforspecialproductions,alsodidnotbecomeanormuntilthe1950s.

Thoughitmaybedifficulttoimaginefromalaterperspective,astrainofcriticalopinioninthe1920spredictedthatsoundfilmwouldbeatechnicalnoveltythatwouldsoonfadefromsight,justashadmanypreviousattempts,datingwellbackbeforetheFirstWorldWar,tolinkimageswithrecordedsound.Thesecriticsweremakingacommonassumption—thatthetechnologicalinadequaciesofearlierefforts(poorsynchronization,weaksoundamplification,fragilesoundrecordings)wouldinvariablyoccuragain.Tobesure,theirevaluationofthetechnicalflawsin1920ssoundexperimentswasnotsofaroffthemark,yettheyneglectedtotakeintoaccountimportantnewforcesinthemotionpicturefieldthat,inasense,wouldnottakenoforananswer.

Theseforcesweretherapidlyexpandingelectronicsandtelecommunicationscompaniesthatweredevelopingandlinkingtelephoneandwirelesstechnologiesinthe1920s.IntheUnitedStates,theyincludedsuchfirmsasAmericanTelephoneandTelegraph,GeneralElectric,andWestinghouse.Theywereinterestedinallformsofsoundtechnologyandallpotentialrevenuesforcommercialexploitation.TheircompetitionandcollaborationwerecreatingthebroadcastingindustryintheUnitedStates,beginningwiththeintroductionofcommercialradioprogrammingintheearly1920s.Withfinancialassetsconsiderablygreaterthanthoseinthemotionpictureindustry,andperhapsawidervisionoftherelationshipsamongentertainmentandcommunicationsmedia,theyrevitalizedresearchintorecordingsoundformotionpictures.

In1929theUnitedStatesmotionpictureindustryreleasedmorethan300soundfilms—aroughfigure,sinceanumberweresilentfilmswithmusictracks,orfilmspreparedindualversions,totakeaccountofthemanycinemasnotyetwiredforsound.Attheproductionlevel,intheUnitedStatestheconversionwasvirtuallycompleteby1930.InEuropeittookalittlelonger,mainlybecausethereweremoresmallproducersforwhomthecostsofsoundwereprohibitive,andinotherpartsoftheworldproblemswithrightsoraccesstoequipmentdelayedtheshifttosoundproductionforafewmoreyears(thoughcinemasinmajorcitiesmayhavebeenwiredinordertoplayforeignsoundfilms).Thetriumphofsoundcinemawasswift,complete,andenormouslypopular.

46.Accordingtoparagraph1,whichofthefollowingisthemostsignificantdevelopmentinthehistoryoffilm?

47.Whydoestheauthormention“Japanesebenshi”and“originalmusicalcompositions”?

48.Theunderlinedword“overshadowed”inparagraph3isclosestinmeaningto______.

49.WhichofthefollowingaccountsforthedelayintheconversiontosoundfilmsinEurope?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thetechnologicalinnovationofsoundfilmduringthe1920’s.

B.Theinventionofamethodfordeliveringmoviestopeople’shome.

C.Thedevelopmentofatechnologyfortranslatingfilmsintootherlanguages.

D.Thetechnologicalimprovementsallowingclearerimagesinfilms.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Tosuggestthataudiencespreferredotherformsofentertainmenttofilmbeforethetransitiontosoundinthe1920’s.

B.Toprovideexamplesofsomeofthefirstsoundsthatwererecordedforfilm.

C.Toindicatesomewaysinwhichsoundaccompaniedfilmbeforetheinnovationofsoundinthelate1920’s.

D.Toshowhowtheuseofsoundinfilmschangedduringdifferenthistoricalperiods.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.distractedfrom

B.explained

C.conducted

D.coordinatedwith

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Europeanproducersoftenlackedknowledgeaboutthenecessaryequipmentforthetransitiontosoundfilms.

B.SmallerEuropeanproducerswereoftenunabletoaffordtoaddsoundtotheirfilms.

C.Itwasoftendifficulttowireoldercinemasinthemajorcitiestoplaysoundfilms.

D.SmallerEuropeanproducersbelievedthatsilentfilmswithmusicaccompanimentwereaestheticallysuperiortosoundfilms.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】46.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“根據(jù)第一段，下面哪個(gè)是電影史上最重要的發(fā)展？”。根據(jù)第一段第一句Theshiftfromsilenttosoundfilmattheendofthe1920smarks,sofar,themostimportanttransformationinmotionpicturehistory.（20世紀(jì)20年代末，無(wú)聲電影向有聲電影的轉(zhuǎn)變標(biāo)志著電影史上迄今為止最重要的轉(zhuǎn)變。）可知，電影史上最重要的發(fā)展是從無(wú)聲電影到有聲電影的轉(zhuǎn)變，A項(xiàng)“20世紀(jì)20年代有聲電影的技術(shù)革新”正確。由第二句話(huà)Despiteallthehighlyvisibletechnologicaldevelopmentsintheatricalandhomedeliveryofthemovingimagethathaveoccurredoverthedecadessincethen,nosingleinnovationhascomeclosetobeingregardedasasimilarkindofwatershed.（盡管從那以后的幾十年里，在戲劇和家庭中移動(dòng)影像的傳輸方面出現(xiàn)了所有高度可見(jiàn)的技術(shù)發(fā)展，但沒(méi)有任何一項(xiàng)創(chuàng)新能夠被視為類(lèi)似的分水嶺。）可知，B項(xiàng)“一種把電影送到人們家里的方法的發(fā)明”、C項(xiàng)“將電影翻譯成其他語(yǔ)言的技術(shù)的發(fā)展”和D項(xiàng)“技術(shù)的改進(jìn)使電影中的圖像更加清晰”都不是。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

47.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“為什么作者提及‘日本配音師’和‘原創(chuàng)音樂(lè)作品’？”。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第二段第三句Inmanyinstances,spectatorsintheerabeforerecordedsoundexperiencedelaborateauralpresentationsalongsidemovies’visualimages,fromtheJapanesebenshi(narrators)craftingmultivoiceddialoguenarrativestooriginalmusicalcompositionsperformedbysymphony-sizeorchestrasinEuropeandtheUnitedStates.（在許多情況下，在有聲電影出現(xiàn)之前的時(shí)代，觀眾在體驗(yàn)電影視覺(jué)圖像的同時(shí)，也體驗(yàn)了精心制作的聽(tīng)覺(jué)呈現(xiàn)，從日本配音師，即敘述者，制作的多聲音對(duì)話(huà)敘事到歐美交響樂(lè)團(tuán)演奏的原創(chuàng)音樂(lè)作品。），從中我們可以推斷，在有聲電影出現(xiàn)之前，觀眾在觀看無(wú)聲電影時(shí)，也能夠體驗(yàn)到精心制作的聽(tīng)覺(jué)呈現(xiàn)，包括對(duì)話(huà)敘事和原創(chuàng)音樂(lè)，這是說(shuō)明聲音陪伴電影的方式，C項(xiàng)“指出在20世紀(jì)20年代后期聲音發(fā)明之前，聲音陪伴電影的一些方式”符合題意，由此也可知A項(xiàng)“暗示在20世紀(jì)20年代向有聲電影過(guò)渡之前，觀眾更喜歡其他形式的娛樂(lè)”錯(cuò)誤。B項(xiàng)“提供一些為電影錄制的最初聲音的例子”，提供例子的目的本身就是為了說(shuō)明有聲電影之前，聲音陪伴電影的一些方式，該項(xiàng)不正確；D項(xiàng)“展示電影中聲音的使用在不同的歷史時(shí)期是如何變化的”，第二段并沒(méi)有論述歷史時(shí)期的變化，D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

48.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。題干意思是“第三段中下劃線的單詞overshadowed的意思與……最接近”。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段第一句Beyondthat,thetriumphofrecordedsoundhasovershadowedtherichdiversityoftechnologicalandaestheticexperimentswiththevisualimagethatweregoingforwardsimultaneouslyinthe1920s.（除此之外，錄制聲音的勝利已經(jīng)……20世紀(jì)20年代同時(shí)發(fā)展的視覺(jué)圖像技術(shù)和美學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)的豐富多樣性），第一段提到20世紀(jì)20年代發(fā)生了電影史上最大的轉(zhuǎn)變，即從無(wú)聲電影向有聲電影轉(zhuǎn)變，那么可以推測(cè)，這里的overshadowed指的是：錄制聲音的勝利已經(jīng)蓋過(guò)/超過(guò)了20世紀(jì)20年代同時(shí)發(fā)展的一些技術(shù)，那么四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中意思與之相近的是A項(xiàng)“轉(zhuǎn)移，使從……分心”。B項(xiàng)“解釋”、C項(xiàng)“引導(dǎo)，指揮”和D項(xiàng)“使協(xié)調(diào)，配合”都不符合。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

49.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“下列哪項(xiàng)解釋了歐洲電影向有聲電影轉(zhuǎn)變的延遲？”。根據(jù)最后一段中的InEuropeittookalittlelonger,mainlybecausethereweremoresmallproducersforwhomthecostsofsoundwereprohibitive（在歐洲花的時(shí)間要長(zhǎng)一些，主要是因?yàn)橛懈嗟男≈谱髡撸瑢?duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)聲音成本高得令人望而卻步）可知，歐洲電影向有聲電影轉(zhuǎn)變的推遲是因?yàn)槁曇舫杀咎?，小的制片人?fù)擔(dān)不起，B項(xiàng)“較小的歐洲制片人往往無(wú)力為他們的電影添加聲音”正確。A項(xiàng)“歐洲制片人往往缺乏向有聲電影過(guò)渡所需設(shè)備的知識(shí)”和D項(xiàng)“較小的歐洲制片人認(rèn)為有音樂(lè)伴奏的無(wú)聲電影在美學(xué)上優(yōu)于有聲電影”沒(méi)有提到；由andinotherpartsoftheworldproblemswithrightsoraccesstoequipmentdelayedtheshifttosoundproductionforafewmoreyears(thoughcinemasinmajorcitiesmayhavebeenwiredinordertoplayforeignsoundfilms)（在世界的其他地方，由于權(quán)利和設(shè)備的問(wèn)題，聲音制作的轉(zhuǎn)變又推遲了幾年，盡管大城市的電影院可能已經(jīng)安裝了設(shè)備以播放外國(guó)有聲電影。）可知，C項(xiàng)“給大城市里的老電影院安裝電線播放有聲電影常常是困難的”并不符合原文。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

ThedifferencebetweenthepolarandequatorialdiametersofMarshasnotbeenunequivocallydetermined.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.definitely

B.arithmetically

C.polemically

D.copiously

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞辨析。題干unequivocally“明確地，毫不含糊地”。A項(xiàng)“確切地，明確地”，B項(xiàng)“算術(shù)上”，C項(xiàng)“爭(zhēng)論地”，D項(xiàng)“豐富地；充裕地”。所以選A。句意：尚未明確確定火星的極地直徑與赤道直徑之間的差異。

16.單選題

Compassionisagreatrespecterofjustice:wepitythosewhosuffer_____.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.shamelessly

B.unwittingly

C.vicariously

D.undeservedly

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞辨析。D項(xiàng)“不應(yīng)得地，不當(dāng)?shù)亍?。A項(xiàng)“不知羞恥地”，B項(xiàng)“不知情地”，C項(xiàng)“代別人感受地”。結(jié)合句意：同情是對(duì)正義的極大尊重，我們同情那些遭受的人，因此只有D項(xiàng)符合。

17.單選題

Pollutionisa“dirty”word.Topollutemeanstocontaminatetopsoilorsomethingbyintroducingimpuritieswhichmake(51)unfitoruncleantouse.Pollutioncomesinmanyforms.Weseeit,smellit,(52)it,drinkit,andstumblethroughit.Weliterallylivedinandbreathepollution,and(53)surprisingly,itisbeginningto(54)ourhealth,ourhappiness,andourcivilization.

Oncewethoughtofpollution(55)meaningsimplythesmog—thechoking,stinging,dirty(56)thathoversovercities.Butairpollution,whileitis(57)themostdangerous,isonlyonetypeofcontaminationamongseveral(58)attackthemostbasiclifefunctions.

Throughtheuncontrolleduseofinsecticides,manhaspollutedtheland,(59)thewildlife.By(60)sewageandchemicalsintoriversandlakes,wehavecontaminatedour(61)water.Wearepollutingtheoceans,too,killingthefishand(62)deprivingourselves(63)aninvaluablefoodsupply.

Partoftheproblemisourexploding(64).Moreandmorepeopleareproducingmorewastes.Butthisproblemisintensifiedbyour“throw—away”technology.EachyearAmericans(65)of7millionautos,20milliontonsofwastepaper,25millionpoundsoftoothpastetubesand48millioncans.Wethrowawaygumwrappers,newspapers,andpaperplates.Itisnolongerwisetoreuseanything,Todayalmosteverythingisdisposable.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.it

B.them

C.people

D.some

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.master

B.taste

C.touch

D.get

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.therefore

B.quite

C.yet

D.not

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.curse

B.threaten

C.cut

D.connect

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.as

B.over

C.for

D.to

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.atmosphere

B.air

C.surrounding

D.rain

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.not

B.yet

C.still

D.far

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.which

B.what

C.why

D.where

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.kills

B.killed

C.kill

D.killing

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.dump

B.dumping

C.cast

D.casting

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.pollutant

B.used

C.drinking

D.dirty

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.so

B.thereby

C.because

D.for

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.over

B.off

C.from

D.of

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.people

B.person

C.population

D.human

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.dispose

B.dispatch

C.disperse

D.discover

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:B

第7題:C

第8題:A

第9題:D

第10題:B

第11題:C

第12題:B

第13題:D

第14題:C

第15題:A

【解析】51.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】考查代詞使用?？崭癫糠炙诘膚hich引導(dǎo)的從句是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞impurities，在從句中做主語(yǔ)，從句中缺少賓語(yǔ)，結(jié)合前面的主句可知，空格處填入的是topsoilorsomething，所以用it來(lái)指代。句意：污染是指通過(guò)引入雜質(zhì)來(lái)污染表土或其他東西，使其不適合或不潔凈使用。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

52.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析和上下文語(yǔ)義。A項(xiàng)master“掌握”，B項(xiàng)taste“嘗”，C項(xiàng)touch“觸摸”，D項(xiàng)get“得到”。上文提到“污染有很多種形式”，所以下文是對(duì)上文的解釋?zhuān)@句的意思是“我們