2022年考研考博-考博英語-中國傳媒大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號92

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-中國傳媒大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Afterreceivingthenews,immediate（）wastakenbythelocalgovernmenttostopthediseasespreading.

問題1選項

A.activity

B.adventure

C.action

D.measure

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。activity“活動”；adventure“冒險”；action“活動，行動”；measure“測量，措施”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞take可知此處是表示“采取措施”，因此選項D符合題意。句意：接到消息后，當(dāng)?shù)卣⒖滩扇〈胧┓乐辜膊÷印?/p>

2.單選題

Thereisagreat（）instrengthbetweenthetwoteams.

問題1選項

A.disparity

B.deficiency

C.disparagement

D.disrelation

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項disparity“不同；不一致”；B選項deficiency“缺陷，缺點”；C選項disparagement“輕蔑；輕視”；D選項disrelation“不相干；沒有相應(yīng)的聯(lián)系”。句意：兩隊力量懸殊。四個選項中，只有A項符合句意。

3.單選題

Withapopulationof320,000-justonetenththatoftheBeijingdistrictwhereitkeepsitsembassytoChina-IcelandhasrecentlybecomeanobjectofinordinateinteresttoChinesepolicymakers.Thetwonationssignedafree-tradeagreementonApril15th,China'sfirstwithanyEuropeannation.ButwiththeinherentlytinypotentialofIceland’smarket,andthelackofanyroundaboutlow-tariffaccesstootherEuropeanmarketsthroughthisdeal,tradealonecannotaccountforChina'sinfatuationwithIceland.

ThemorelikelyattractionforChinaisaccesstoimprovingshippingroutesthroughtheArcticasthatregionwarmsduetoclimatecharge.Lastmonth,oneofChina'stopexpertsonpolarpolicypredictedthat,by2020,asmuchas15%ofhiscountry’stradewouldmovethroughtheArctic'sNorthernSeaRoute.Evenifthatestimateisexaggerated,thereisnoreasontodoubtthatcontinuedshrinkingofArcticicecoverwillenhancethearea’simportance.

LikeSouthKoreaandJapan,ChinahopesnextmonthtobeapprovedforpermanentobserverstatusontheArcticCouncil,aneight-memberintergovernmentalbodythatseekstoco-ordinatepolicyforthearea.Butodd-lookingeffortbyaChinesedevelopertobuildan"eco-golfcourse"andluxuryresortona300squarekmtractinIceland’sdesolatenorth-eastcomeralsoarousedsuspicionsaboutChina'sstrategicintentionsintheregion.ThelogicbehindtheproposaltocreateahavenofsolitudeandcleanairforwealthyChinesevisitorsfailedtoconvinceIcelandicofficials,whodidnotagreetowaiverestrictionsagainstforeignownershipofland.

Thenewtradeagreement,signedduringafive-dayvisittoChinabyIceland’sprimeminister,JohannaSigurdardottir,willresultinthewaiverincomingyearsofmosttariffs,inthetwocountries'bilateraltrade,whichlastyearroseto$424m,byIceland’sreckoning.

ButforChina,theabilitytoimportmoreIcelandicfishwithlowertariffdutieswouldseemtopaleincomparisontotheimportanceofenhancingitsinfluenceintheregion.

AccordingtoAnne-MarieBrady,anexpertatNewZealand’sUniversityofCanterbury,currentarrangementsleaveChinashutoutofmultilateraldecision-makingaboutthechangingArcticenvironment.Thedesiretohaveagreatersay,andassertitslegitimateinterestsintheregion,sherecentlywrote,isbehindacuriousnewbitofofficialphraseology.China’sownexpertshavetakentocallingita"nearArcticstate."

1.WhatisthepopulationofBeijingaccordingtothetext?

2.WhyisitimportantforChinatoimproveshippingroutesthroughtheArctic?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTapermanentobserverstateoftheArcticCouncil?

4.Accordingtothetext,thephrase"nearArcticstate”indicatesthat（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothetext？

問題1選項

A.32,000

B.3,200,000

C.32,000,000

D.Noneoftheabove.

問題2選項

A.BecausetheArcticicecoveriscontinuingshrinking.

B.Becauseasmuchas15%ofthetradesinChinawouldmovethroughtheArctic’sNorthernSeaRouteby2020.

C.BecauseChinesedeveloperstendtobuild"eco-golfcourses'andluxuryresortsinIceland.

D.BecauseIcelandicofficialsdonotagreetowaiverestrictionsagainstforeignownershipofland.

問題3選項

A.Netherlands.

B.SouthKorea.

C.UnitedKingdom.

D.Spain.

問題4選項

A.ChinaisacountrylocatednearArcticstate.

B.ChinaisnowinfatuatedwithIceland.

C.ChinaiswillingtoenhancingitsinfluenceintheArcticregion.

D.Chinaistakingpartinthedecision-makingaboutthechangingArcticenvironment.

問題5選項

A.ChinaprefersimportingmoreIcelandicfishwithlowertariffdutiesratherthanenhancingitsinfluenceintheregion.

B.Icelandisthefirstcountrytosignafree-tradeagreementwithChina.

C.TheArcticCouncilisanintergovernmentalbodywitheightmembersthatseekstoco-ordinatepolicyforthearea.

D.Thenewtradeagreementwillresultinthewaiverincomingyearsoftariffsinthetwocountries’bilateraltrade.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:1.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段指出“justonetenththatoftheBeijingdistrictwhereitkeepsitsembassytoChina”，僅相當(dāng)于其駐華使館所在地區(qū)人口的十分之一，冰島駐華使館所在區(qū)為北京市朝陽區(qū)，可推斷駐華使館所在區(qū)常住人口為三百多萬，但是文章并未說明所在區(qū)占北京總?cè)丝诘谋壤?，所以無從推斷北京市人口數(shù)量。因此選D項。

第2題:2.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。第二段給出了原因“ThemorelikelyattractionforChinaisaccesstoimprovingshippingroutesthroughtheArcticasthatregionwarmsduetoclimatecharge”，而更可能的是，該地區(qū)隨著氣候變化逐漸變暖，中國有機會通過北極地區(qū)改善其海上航線。后面還指出“...thereisnoreasontodoubtthatcontinuedshrinkingofArcticicecoverwillenhancethearea'simportance”，不容置疑，北極冰層的持續(xù)減少將增強該地區(qū)的重要性。由此可知A項“因為北極冰蓋正在連續(xù)退縮”正確。

第3題:3.判斷推理題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞permanentobserver定位到第三段“LikeSouthKoreaandJapan,ChinahopesnextmonthtobeapprovedforpermanentobserverstatusontheArcticCouncil”，同韓國、日本一樣，中國希望在下月被批準(zhǔn)獲得北極理事會永久觀察員身份。由此可知韓國與中國都不是其成員，故選B項。

第4題:4.判斷推理題。對于nearArcticstate的理解可參考最后一段“...currentarrangementsleaveChinashutoutofmultilateraldecision-makingaboutthechangingArcticenvironment.Thedesiretohaveagreatersay,andassertitslegitimateinterestsintheregion,sherecentlywrote,isbehindacuriousnewbitofofficialphraseology”，在當(dāng)前關(guān)于北極環(huán)境變化的多邊政策決策協(xié)商中，中國被拒之門外。但一些新奇的官方措辭暗示中國希望對北極事務(wù)掌握更大的話語權(quán)，并維護(hù)他們在這一地區(qū)的正當(dāng)權(quán)益。故選C項“中國希望提高其對北極地區(qū)的影響力”。

第5題:5.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。A:中國更愿意進(jìn)口更多的冰島魚類，降低關(guān)稅，而不是增強其在該地區(qū)的影響力。第五段指出“ButforChina,theabilitytoimportmoreIcelandicfishwithlowertariffdutieswouldseemtopaleincomparisontotheimportanceofenhancingitsinfluenceintheregion”，但是對于中國來說，相較于增強在該地區(qū)的影響力，能以更低關(guān)稅進(jìn)口冰島魚則顯得微不足道。因此A項不正確。B:冰島成為第一個與中國簽署該類協(xié)定的國家。第一段指出“...China'sfirstwithanyEuropeannation”，冰島成為第一個與中國簽署該類協(xié)定的歐洲國家。因此B項不符合原文所述。C：北極理事會是一個擁有八名成員，旨在協(xié)調(diào)區(qū)域政策的政府間機構(gòu)。最后一段指出“...currentarrangements...multilateraldecision-makingaboutthechangingArcticenvironment”，當(dāng)前關(guān)于北極環(huán)境變化的多邊政策決策協(xié)商……，由此可知北極理事會的宗旨是保護(hù)北極地區(qū)的環(huán)境，促進(jìn)地區(qū)在經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會和福利方面的持續(xù)發(fā)展，因此C項不正確。D：新貿(mào)易協(xié)定將免除兩國雙邊貿(mào)易大部分關(guān)稅。第四段指出“Thenewtradeagreement...willresultinthewaiverincomingyearsofmosttariffs,inthetwocountries'bilateraltrade”，這份貿(mào)易協(xié)定，將免除兩國雙邊貿(mào)易大部分關(guān)稅。因此D項正確。

4.單選題

Anambulancemusthavepriorityasitusuallyhastodealwithsomekindof（）.

問題1選項

A.crisis

B.urgency

C.emergency

D.emergence

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項想crisis“危機；危險期”；B選項urgency“緊急；催促”；C選項emergency“緊急情況；突發(fā)事件”；D選項emergence“出現(xiàn)；發(fā)生；露頭”。句意：救護(hù)車必須有優(yōu)先權(quán)，因為它通常要處理一些……。救護(hù)車需要處理的是一些緊急情況或突發(fā)事件，C選項符合句意。

5.翻譯題

SherryTurkleofMIT:ThehumancostofsocialtechnologyBySimonMainwaring

Inlightofalltherecentdevelopmentsaroundsocialtechnology,fromthelaunchofGoogle+toFacebook’sF8conferencelaunchofTimelineandTickerlastweek,IfeltitespeciallypertinenttosharethisinterviewwithSherryTurkleofMIT.WhatsheinvitesustoconsideristhehumancostofoursocialmediaengagementwhichseemsallthemorerelevantasnetworkslikeGoogle+andFacebookarmuswithnewtoolstobecomeevenmoreeffectiveonlinestorytellersinspiringustospendmoretimethere.

SM:HiI'mSimonMainwaring,hereattheIVOHWorldSummitintheCatskills,NewYork,andIhavethegreatpleasureofbeingherewithSherryTurkle,whoistheprofessorofSocialStudiesofScienceandTechnologyatMIT,andtheauthorofthecriticallyacclaimedbook.AloneTogether.Itissuchapleasuretochatwithyou,Sherry.Thankyouforyourtime.Now,oneofthethingsItalkaboutwhenitcomestosocialmediaisthatIbelievethattechnologyisteachingustobehumanagain,yetthethesisofyourbookmightactuallygoagainstthatproposition.Doyouthinkthat’strueornot?

ST:Ithinkthat'sacomplicatedstory.

1.Thatistosay,wearenowusingtechnologyinsomewaysthataredistancingusfromeachother,butI’moptimisticbecauseIthinksomanyofusarestartingtorealizethatsomethingisgoingamisswhenwehavedinnerwithfriendsandeveryonehasaphoneonthetableandinterruptsconversationsinordertotakethosecalls.WhenIwalkedthedunesofCapeCodthatThoreauwalked,andeverybodyiswalkingthoseduneswiththeirheadsdowntothosedevices,somethingisgoingamiss.Wheneveryoneisansweringemailsinsteadoftalkingtocolleaguesatwork,somethingisgoingamiss.Soit’sgood,butweneedtomakeitgoodforus.

SM:Whatwouldyousayisbeinglost,andwhatisthecostofthat?

ST:Well,I’veinterviewedhundredsofyoungpeopleandhundredsofolderpeopleandIthinkthatoneofthethingsthatisbeinglostistheabilitytotoleratesolitude.InmyownstudiesIcallit,“Ishare,thereforeIam.”Thatistosay,yougofromapositionwhereyousay“Ihaveafeeling,Iwanttomakeacall,”toapositionwhereyousay“Iwanttohaveafeeling,Ineedtosendatext.”

2.Sowhat’sbeinglostistheabilitytoexperienceyourthoughtsandfeelingswithoutimmediatelysharingthemandyoulosethecapacitytocollaboratebecausecollaborationisinfusion.Youneedtocometocollaborationwithasenseofself,withyourownideasandconfidenceinyourself.Youlosethecapacityforcertainkindsofleadershipbecause,again,leadershiprequiresanabilitytolead,notjusttopoll.

3.Soyoufeellikewe’relosingtheabilitytobepresentbecausewe’reinsuchahurrytopassonthatexperiencethatwealmostcutourselvesoutoftheequation.

ST:Yes.Andwe’resubstitutingconnectionforconversation.Ithinkthat’sveryimportant.Thismovefromconversationtoconnection,andwe’realmostforgettinghownurturingconversationis.OverandoverI’veinterviewedpeoplewhobasicallytellme“Don’tcall.”InAloneTogetherIhaveachaptertitledPleaseDon’tCall.Thelastthingtheywantisatelephonecall.Itwouldtaketoomuchtime.It’stoodangerous.Toomuchmightshow.Theydon’twanttobeinterrupted.It’seasiertosendanemailorsendatextandnothavetherisksofshowingthemselvesinaconversation.

SM:Wouldyoucharacterizethisasafunctionoftheneedtonowliveinpublicatalltimes,toalwaysbe“on”?Isthatthechallengethatwe’reallfacingnow,because,giventheopportunitytodoitwithsocialmediaandtheseotherplatforms,wefeelobligatedtodoso?

ST:Thereareseveralthings.We’vegivenourselvesanopportunitytohide.Socialmedia,forallofit’sbounties—andI’mveryenthusiasticofallthebountiesofsocialmedia—italsogivesusanopportunitytohide.

4.Weperformourselvesonsocialmedia,andthatisdifferentfrombeingourselvesonsocialmedia.Thatabilitytoperformyourselfisalsoanabilitytohide.Itleadstosomethingthatcall“Fearofmissingout.”You’realwayswatchingwhatotherpeoplearedoingandyoubeingtobejealousbecausetheirshowingtheirbestselvesandyou’reshowingyourbestself.YoualmostbecomejealousofthelifeyouliveonFacebook.Youhavetoremindyourselfthatit’syourlifebecauseyou’reshowingyourbestself.

SM:Letmeaskyouaquestionaboutthat.Howdifferentisthattotheversionofourselvesthatwepresentintherealworld,albeitonlytooneortwoorfivepeopleatatime?Isitworsebecausewecanreachamassaudience?

ST:No,it’sworsebecause...we’resittingheretogetherand,ofcourse,I’minaroleandyou’reinarole,butbecausewe’reheretogether,certainthingsshow.We’reanimals,we’rehumanbeingsand,really,bythefactthatwe’reheretogether,weshowourselvestoeachother,werevealourselvestoeachother.Onthenetwork,wecanfakeit.Wecanperformourselvesinawaywherethereisamorepolishedself.Iinterviewpeoplewhoreallydescribetomethetimeandthecaretheytakeonwhattheypresentintheirsocialmediapresence.It’slikewe’replayingavatarsofourselves.

SM:5.Ifyouhadtocharacterizeitintwoways,thelongtermeffectsonthis,whatisthebestcasescenario,theupside,andtheworstcasescenario.Giveusthespectrumofconsequence.

ST:Bestcasescenario...Myfavoritelineinmybookis,“Justbecausewegrewupwiththeinternet,wethinktheinternetisallgrownup,anditisn’t,andit’stimetomakethecorrections.”Ithinkwe’reataturningpointnowwherewe’rereadytoreassessandliveasanerandhealthierlife.Ithinkthecorporateworldisreadytobemoreattentivetothesocialandemotionalneedsofbothitsconsumersanditsworkers.Ithinkthatpeoplearereadytobemoreattentivetolivingasanerlifeintheironlinepresence.Wedon’twanttobeinterrupted.6.Sotheplussideisthatwe’reatamomentwherewe’regoingtobeabletoenjoythebountiesofthistechnologyandminimizeitscost.Thedownsideisthatwearesomehow,justlikethere’safogofwar,there’safogoftechnology.TeachingatMITfor30years,Icantellyouthattechnologycanmakeusforgetwhatweknowaboutlife,andoneofthethingsthatwe’reforgettingrightnowistheimportanceofconversationandoftrulybeingwitheachotherinthewaysthatmatter.

SM:Yetyou’restilloptimistic.Whyareyouoptimistic?Whatgivesyouhope?

ST:7.I’moptimisticbecauseIthinkhumanbeingswanttobewitheachotherandrealizethenurturanceandthesustainingeffectsofbeingwitheachotherandcommunicatingwitheachother.Ithinkthatthere’samovementIseeintheresonanceinmyworkandintheworkofotherpeoplewhoarestartingtohavethiskindofmessage,includingyourselfactually,thatthere’sstartingtobeaconvergenceinthecorporateworldandconsumerworldofrealizingthatthesetwoworldshaveintereststhatarestartingtocometogetherbyusingthistechnologyinmorehumaneways,inwaysthatarebetterforthesocialgood.

SM:Ican’ttellyouhowexcitedIambythebook.Thatfifteen-yearstudyontheimpactofscienceandtechnologyisabsolutelyincredible.Ihighlyrecommendittoeveryone.Whereelsecanpeoplefindyouonline?

ST:Forthebook,goto,orgoogleSherryTurkleandmywebpagewithallmywritingsandresearchwillbeonthat.

SM:Thankyouforgivingusthegiftofallyourthinking.Arealpleasuretomeetyou,Sherry.

【答案】1.也就是說，我們現(xiàn)在使用的技術(shù)在某些方面正使我們相互疏遠(yuǎn)。但對此我很樂觀。我們和一群朋友一起吃飯時，每個人都帶著手機，電話鈴響起時卻不得不中斷交談。已經(jīng)有一些人認(rèn)識到其中的問題了

2.因此，你失去的是一種無需立即分享就獨自體驗?zāi)愕南敕ê透惺艿哪芰?，且由于合作需要融入，你也失去了合作的能力?/p>

3.所以你會覺得我們正在失去活在當(dāng)下的能力，因為我們太急于將這種體驗傳遞下去，以至于我們幾乎把自己隔離起來。

4.我們在社交媒體上表現(xiàn)自己，這和在社交媒體前做自己是不同的。這種自我表現(xiàn)的能力也是一種隱藏的能力，這最終會變成我說的“害怕錯過”。

5.如果你必須用兩種方式來描述它的長期影響，那就是最好的情況與最壞的結(jié)果。給出結(jié)果可能出現(xiàn)的范圍。

6.因此，好的一面是，我們現(xiàn)在能夠享受這項技術(shù)的好處并將其代價降到最低。壞的一面是，就像戰(zhàn)爭一樣，我們需要面對“科技的迷霧”。

7.我很樂觀，因為我認(rèn)為人們想要同彼此在一起，認(rèn)識到彼此相處和交流的滋養(yǎng)和持續(xù)效果。

6.單選題

Thelightistoo（）formetoread.Icannotstandanymore.

問題1選項

A.rid

B.ripe

C.soup

D.dim

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項rid“得到解脫的”；B選項ripe“熟的，成熟的”；C選項soup“使振作;打扮”；D選項dim“暗淡的，昏暗的”。句意：光線太昏暗我沒法看書。我再也受不了了。根據(jù)后半句句意“我再也受不了了”可知，D符合題意。

7.單選題

Thegovernmentgavemoneytopeopletohelpbuyhomesoutsideofthecities.Thissystemof（）housingcausedmanypeopletoleaveurbanareas.

問題1選項

A.invested

B.provided

C.sustained

D.subsidized

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。本題考查動詞的過去分詞形式作修飾詞時的詞義辨析。A選項investe“投資的”；B選項provide“給予”；C選項sustained“持續(xù)的”；D選項subsidized“補貼的；補助的”。句意：政府向人們提供資金，幫助他們在城市以外買房子。這種……住房制度使得許多人離開城市。前句明確說明是政府提供資金，屬于補貼政策，因此D選項正確。

8.單選題

Thepopularityofthefilmshowsthatthereviewers’fearswerecompletely（）.

問題1選項

A.unjustified

B.unjust

C.misguided

D.unaccepted

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項unjustified表示“不公正的；不必要的”，B選項unjust表示“非正義的”，C選項misguided表示“被誤導(dǎo)的”，D選項unaccepted表示“未被接納的；被拒絕的；不承擔(dān)的”。根據(jù)句意可知，這部電影的受歡迎程度表明審核員的擔(dān)心是完全沒必要的。因此，A選項最符合原文句意，故本題最佳答案為A選項。

9.單選題

Generallyspeaking,oldpeopleareusuallymore（）thanyoungpeople.

問題1選項

A.destructive

B.progressive

C.conservative

D.constructive

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項destructive“破壞的；毀滅性的”；B選項progressive“進(jìn)步的；先進(jìn)的”；C選項conservative“保守的”；D選項constructive“建設(shè)性的；推定的”。句意：通常來講，老年人比年輕人更……。綜合句意及選項判斷可知，此處應(yīng)表示老年人比年輕人“保守”，C選項正確。

10.單選題

Ourneighborshangtheirchildren'sframeddiplomasin（）placesonthewallofthesettingroom.

問題1選項

A.brilliant

B.respective

C.conspicuous

D.remarkable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項brilliant表示“絕妙的；杰出的；聰穎的；明亮的”，B選項respective表示“分別的，各自的”，C選項conspicuous表示“顯著的，顯而易見的”，D選項remarkable表示“非凡的；卓越的；值得注意的”。由句意可知，我們鄰居把他們孩子的文憑框掛在客廳墻上顯眼的地方。因此，C選項conspicuous符合語境，故本題正確答案為C選項。

11.單選題

Theyarelookingforsomewayto（）theirappetite.

問題1選項

A.satiate

B.apply

C.strengthen

D.sustain

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項satiate“充分滿足；使厭膩”；B選項apply“申請；涂，敷；適用”；C選項strengthen“加強；鞏固”；D選項sustain“維持；支撐，承擔(dān)”。句意：他們正在尋找填飽肚子的方法。此題選A，可以把“satiateappetite”理解為“填飽肚子”。

12.單選題

Journalistsusuallyrefertowhattheywriteasstories.Notarticlesorreports,occasionallypieces,butstories.Thisdoesnotapplyonlytoreportersbuttoeverybodyintheeditorialchain,fromdeskeditors,copyeditors,specialistandsportswriterstotheeditorhimorherself.Wordspublishedinnewspapers,onairoronlinearestories.

Storiessoundinteresting;reportssounddull.Tosome,storiesmeanfiction:"Tellmeastory,mummy”.Storiesaretallandshort,madeupandtrue.Truestoriesareaboutwhathappened.Wetellstoriesinconversation,recountingexperiencesandeventsinwhichwetookpartorobserve.Thecrucialthingaboutastoryisthatotherpeoplewanttohearit,becauseitisinterestingorentertaining.Otherwisethestorytellerisabore.

Sojournalistswritestoriesfortheirreaderstotellthemwhatisgoingon,toinformthem,engagethem,entertainthem,shockthem,amusethem,disturbthem,upliftthem.Thesubjectmatterwillvaryaccordingtothenatureofthepublicationandtheintendedaudience.Thegoodnewspapereditorwillhaveaclearideaofthesortofpeoplewhoarereadingit,andcatertotheirinterestsandpreoccupations,sometimestheirprejudices.Andthepaperwillincludethatvitalingredientserendipity-thestoryyoudidn’texpect,the"justfancythat",theabsurditiesaswellasthetravailsofthehumancondition.

Journalismisbasicallyasimplegame.Itisaboutfindingthingsoutandtellingotherpeopleaboutthem.Thefindingoutrequiresavarietyofskillsbecausethoseinpoweroftenpreferthatweknowonlysomuch.Journalismisaboutholdingsuchpeopletoaccount,exposingtheirhumbugandhypocrisy,theabuseoftheirpower.Thisincludesthecontrolitgivesthemovertheflowofinformation,theabilitytoburythebadnews,tospinandobfuscate.Goodjournalistsmustasktheawkwardquestionsandquestiontheanswers,mustdigtounearthandthenexplain,makingcomprehensiblethatwhichauthority,byintentorverbalinadequacy,hasleftconfused,incompleteorplainmendacious.Incomprehensiblejournalismisquitesimplybadjournalism,andthereforepointless.

Ultimatelythereisonlyonepurpose:tomakethereaderreadthestory.Iftheydon't,whatwasthepointoffindingitoutandtellingit?Thisbookletpicksupthestorywhenthereaderhasreachedthestageofdecidingtoaddressthestory.Thatisnotthesameasreadingit,orevenreadingacertainamountofit.Theyhavejustreachedthefirstword,perhapsattractedbythepicture,theextractedquote,oranyoftheotherpresentationaldevicesusedtodragthereadertothestory.Wehavereachedthestagewherethereaderisgoingtosubjectthestorytothefinaltest,readingsomeorallofin.Thisisaboutwriting.

Newspaperreadingisdifferentfromreadingabook.Itisselective,doesnotinvolvecommitmenttothewhole.Relativelylittletimeisspentreadingadailynewspaper.Thenewspaperreader,unlikethereaderofthemoreliterarynovel,doesnotexpecttoinvesteffortintheendeavour.Heorshewillnotreadasentenceorparagraphasecondtimetobeclearaboutwhatisbeingsaid.Confusion,moreoftenthannot,willmeanabandoningthestoryaltogetherandmovingon.Manynewspaperreadersskim,sampleorgetaflavourofastoryratherthanreadingitthrough.

Sojournalisticwritingisdifferentfromcreativewriting.Manyyoungpeoplethinktheywouldliketobejournalistsbecausetheyhave"alwayslovedwriting”orstartedwritingpoemswhentheywereeight.Itiscertainlynotenoughandmaywellbeabarriertosuccessinjournalism.ThelateNicholasTomalinfamouslywrotethat"theonlyqualitiesessentialforrealsuccessinjournalismarerat-likecunning,aplausiblemanner,andalittleliteraryability."Heincludedwriting,butheplaceditthirdandprefaceditwithadiminutive.Thewritingmatters;butdon'tthinkofitasart.Thinkofitasworkingwriting,writingdoingajob,writingthatputsacrossinformationinawaythatmakesreaderswanttoabsorbit.

Atatimewhenthevastmajorityofentrantstojournalismhavedegrees—welcomebecausejournalisminacomplexworldisanintellectualpursuititisworthpointingoutthatwritingfornewspapersisalsoverydifferentfromtheacademicwritingofstudentessays.Notimetoproducearoutemapfortheessayandreachthepointsomewhereneartheend;thejournalistmustgrabtheattentionatonce.

Itisdifficulttowritesimplyandengagingly,sothatreaderswillkeepreading;toexplainsothatallthereadersunderstand,andwantto.Thisisthetaskthewritingjournalisthas.

1.Whichofthefollowingismostlyusedbyjournaliststodescribethepiecestheywrite?

2.Whatshouldagoodnewspapereditordoaccordingtothetext?

3.ThequoteofNicholasTomalinisusedtoexpressthat（）

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTadifferencebetweennewspaperreadingandbookreading?

5.Whatisthefinalpurposeforjournalisticwritingaccordingtothetext?

問題1選項

A.Reports.

B.Stories.

C.Articles.

D.Pieces.

問題2選項

A.Findthingsoutandtellreadersaboutthem.

B.Grabtheattentionatonce.

C.Catertoreaders’interestsandpreoccupations.

D.Controltheflowofinformation.

問題3選項

A.Journalisticwritingisdifferentfromwritingasanart.

B.Itisdifficulttowritesimplyandengaginglyforreaderstokeepreading.

C.Newspaperreadingisdifferentfromreadingabook.

D.Journalismisbasicallyasimplegame.

問題4選項

A.Contentsareselectedinnewspapers.

B.Lesstimeisspentreadinganewspaper.

C.Newspaperreadersareexpectedtoinvesteffortintheendeavour.

D.Newspaperreadersgetaflavourofastoryratherthanreadingitthrough.

問題5選項

A.Makingreadersspendmoretimereadinganewspaper.

B.Connectingreaderswithgovernments.

C.Makingreadersreadthestory.

D.Explaininginawaysothatallthereadersunderstand.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:1.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段指出“Notarticlesorreports,occasionallypieces,butstories”，不是文章或報告，偶爾的作品是故事。由此可知B項“故事”正確。

第2題:2.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位至第三段“Thegoodnewspapereditorwillhaveaclearideaofthesortofpeoplewhoarereadingit,andcatertotheirinterestsandpreoccupations,sometimestheirprejudices”，一位好的報紙編輯要有明確的概念，即：什么樣的人會讀報紙，要迎合讀者的興趣，抓住讀者的注意力，有時可能要關(guān)注他們的偏見。因此C項“迎合讀者的興趣，抓住讀者的注意力”正確。

第3題:3.判斷推理題。對NicholasTomalin所述的引用在第七段，第七段的主題句是“Sojournalisticwritingisdifferentfromcreativewriting”，所以新聞寫作不同于創(chuàng)意寫作。此后的每句都是在論證這一主題句，因此A項“新聞寫作不同于創(chuàng)意寫作”正確。

第4題:4.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。A:報紙上的內(nèi)容是選擇性的。第六段指出“Itisselective”，它是選擇性的，因此A項正確。B：讀報所花的時間更少。根據(jù)“Relativelylittletimeisspentreadingadailynewspaper”可知B項正確。C：報紙讀者應(yīng)該在這方面努力。根據(jù)“Thenewspaperreader,doesnotexpecttoinvesteffortintheendeavour”，看報的人并不需要投入太多的精力，因此C項與原文不符。D：報紙讀者偏愛故事，而不喜歡從頭到尾讀。根據(jù)“Manynewspaperreadersskim,sampleorgetaflavourofastoryratherthanreadingitthrough”，許多讀報者只是略讀，僅僅粗略看看故事而不是精讀，因此D項正確。

第5題:5.判斷推理題。文章講述了新聞寫作的特點與要求。因為看報者通常會花較少的時間瀏覽報紙各版面，所以新聞作品要迎合讀者口味，吸引他們的注意力。故本題選A項“讓讀者花費更多的時間去閱讀報紙”。

13.單選題

Thechildhasagood（）memory:shecanrepeatthestorieshermothertellsherexactly.

問題1選項

A.convey

B.verbal

C.optimistic

D.authentic

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。convey動詞，“傳達(dá)，運輸”；verbal“口頭的，言語的”；optimistic“樂觀的”；authentic“真正的”。根據(jù)下文“她能準(zhǔn)確地復(fù)述她母親講給她聽的故事”，說明孩子的口頭記憶很好，所以選項B正確。

14.單選題

Thenextfewdecadeswillseegreatchangesinthewayenergyissuppliedandused.Insomemajoroilproducingnations,“peakoil”hasalreadybeenreached,andthereareincreasingfearsofglobalwarning.Consequently,manycountriesarefocusingontheswitchtoalowcarboneconomy.Thistransitionwillleadtomajorchangesinthesupplyanduseofelectricitytopowertheirhomesandvehicles.Secondly,therewillbeanincreaseinpowergeneration,notonlyintermsofhowmuchisgenerated,butalsohowitisgenerated,asthereisgrowingelectricitygenerationfromrenewablesources.Tomeetthesechallenges,countriesareinvestinginSmartGridtechnology.Thissystemaimstoprovidetheelectricityindustrywithabetterunderstandingofpowergenerationanddemand,andtousethisinformationtocreateamoreefficientpowernetwork.

SmartGirdtechnologybasicallyinvolvestheapplicationofacomputersystemtotheelectricitynetwork.Thecomputersystemcanbeusedtocollectinformationaboutsupplyanddemandandimproveengineer’sabilitytomanagethesystem.Withbetterinformationaboutelectricitydemand,thenetworkwillbeabletoincreasetheamountofelectricitydeliveredperunitgenerated,leadingtopotentialreductionsinfuelneedsandcarbonemissions.Moreover,thecomputersystemwillassistinreducingoperationalandmaintenancecosts.

SmartGridtechnologyoffersbenefitstotheconsumertoo.Theywillbeabletocollectreal-timeinformationontheirenergyuseforeachappliance.Varyingtariffsthroughoutthedaywillgivecustomerstheincentivetouseappliancesattimeswhensupplygreatlyexceedsdemand,leadingtogreatreductionsinbills.Forexample,theymayusetheirwashingmachinesatnight.Smartmeterscanalsobeconnectedtotheinternetortelephonesystem,allowingcustomerstoswitchappliancesonoroffremotely.Furthermore,ofhousesarefittedwiththeapparatustogeneratetheirownpower,appliancescanbesettorundirectlyfromtheon-sitepowersource,andanyexcesscanbesoldtothegrid.

Withthesechangescomesarangeofchallenges.Thefirstinvolvesmanagingthesupplyanddemand.Sourcesofrenewableenergy,suchaswind,waveandsolar,arenotoriouslyunpredictable,andnuclearpower,whichisalsosettoincreaseasnationsswitchtoalternativeenergysources,isinflexible.Withoilandgas,itisrelativelysimple