2022年考研考博-考博英語-浙江工商大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號18

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-浙江工商大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

InWarTimes,manyweaknationswere（

）bythepowerfulones.

問題1選項

A.monopolized

B.absorbed

C.combined

D.engaged

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項monopolize“完全控制”；B選項absorb“吸收；吸引；掌握”；C選項combine“聯(lián)合，結(jié)合”；D選項engage“參與；吸引（興趣）”。填入過去分詞構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)，由weaknations和thepowerfulones的關(guān)系可知monopolize“完全控制”的分詞monopolized符合題意，句意為：在戰(zhàn)爭時期，許多弱小的國家都被強大的國家控制。故答案選A。

2.單選題

Dieting,accordingtoanoldjoke,maynotactuallymakeyoulivelonger,butitsurefeelsthatway.Nevertheless,evidencehasbeenaccumulatingsincethe1930sthatcalorierestriction—reducingananimal’senergyintakebelowitsenergyexpenditure—extendslifespananddelaysthestartofage—relateddiseasesinrats,dogs,fishandmonkeys.Suchresultshaveinspiredthousandsofpeopletoputupwithconstanthungerinthehopeoflivinglonger,healthierlives.Theyhavealsoledtoasearchfordrugsthatmimictheeffectsofcalorierestrictionwithoutthepainofgoingonanactualdiet.

Amidthetrend,itiseasytoforgetthatnoonehasuntilnowshownthatcalorierestrictionworksinhumans.Thatomission,however,changedthismonth,withthepublicationoftheinitialresultsofthefirstsystematicinvestigationintothematter.Thisstudytook48menandwomenandassignedthemrandomlytoeitheracontrolgrouporacalorie—restrictionregime.Thoseinthesecondgroupwererequiredtocuttheircalorieintakeforsixmonthsto75%ofthatneededtomaintaintheirweight.

Thestudyisalandmarkinthehistoryofthefield,becauseitssubjectswereeitherofnormalweightoronlyslightlyoverweight.Previousprojectshaveusedindividualswhowereclinicallyfat,thusconfusingtheunquestionablebenefitstohealthofreducingfatnesswiththepossibleadvantagesofcalorierestrictiontotheotherwisehealthy.

Atamolecularlevel,itsuggeststheseadvantagesarereal.Thoseonrestricteddietsshoweddropsinbodytemperatureandblood—insulinlevels—bothphenomenathathavebeenseeninlong—lived,calorie—restrictedanimals.TheyalsosufferedlessdamagetotheirDNA.

EricRavussin,ofLouisianaStateUniversity,saysthatsuchresultsprovidesupportforthetheorythatcalorierestrictionproducesametabolicadaptationoverandabovethatwhichwouldbeexpectedfromweightlossalone.Nevertheless,suchmetabolicadaptationcouldbethereasonwhycalorierestrictionisassociatedwithlongerlifespaninotheranimals—andthatiscertainlythehopeofthosewho,forthepast15years,havebeensearchingforwaysoftriggeringthatmetabolicadaptationbymeansotherthansemi-starvation.

Thesearchforadrugthatwilldelayoldageisitselfasoldasthehills—asisthewishfulthinkingofthesuckerswhofinancesuchefforts.Thosewhohopetofinditbymimickingtheeffectofcalorierestrictionarenot,however,completesnake-oilsalesmen,forthereisknowntobeafamilyofenzymes,whichactbothassensorsofnutrientavailabilityandasregulatorsofmetabolicrate.Thesemightprovidethenecessarybiochemicallinkbetweenstarvingandlivinglonger.

1.Welearnfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthat（

）.

2.Theword“l(fā)andmark”(Line1,Paragraph3)probablymeans（

）.

3.Theresultsofpreviousresearchontheeffectsofcalorierestrictionareunconvincingbecause（

）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph5thatpeople（

）.

5.Peoplemighttakeenzymesasasubstituteforcalorierestrictioninthat（

）.

問題1選項

A.peoplearecrazyaboutdietinginordertolosesomeweight

B.experimentalresultsshowthatdietingcanprolonganimals’life

C.inthestudy,twogroupsofpeoplewereaskedtogoonadiet

D.fewresultshavebeenworkedoutontheeffectsofcalorierestriction

問題2選項

A.aneventofmuchprofit

B.aneventofgreatexcitement

C.aneventofgreatsignificance

D.aneventofuniquefeatures

問題3選項

A.thesubjectsoftheresearchwereeitherofoverweightorslightlyunderweight

B.calorie-restrictedanimalsshoweddifferentphysicalsignsintheresearch

C.thedecreaseinbodytemperaturemayresultfromchangesofoutsidetemperature

D.peoplecannottellthebenefitsoflosingweightfromthoseofcalorierestriction

問題4選項

A.havebeenengagedinthestudyofthereplacementofcalorierestriction

B.havebeenlookingfordrugsthatcanprolonghumans’lifeforages

C.canexpectachangeintheirmetabolicratewhengoingonadiet

D.maybenefitfrommetabolicadaptationinthatitmayprotecttheirDNA

問題5選項

A.theyestablishachemicallinkbetweenstarvingandlivinglong

B.theycanprovidepeoplewithenoughnutrition

C.theyworkinasimilarwaythatcalorierestrictiondoes

D.theyarefavoredbypeoplewhofinancethedrugresearch

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。定位到文章第一段“Nevertheless,evidencehasbeenaccumulatingsincethe1930sthatcalorierestriction—reducingananimal’senergyintakebelowitsenergyexpenditure—extendslifespananddelaysthestartofage—relateddiseasesinrats,dogs,fishandmonkeys.盡管如此，自20世紀30年代以來，越來越多的證據(jù)表明，在老鼠、狗、魚和猴子身上實行卡路里限制——將動物的能量攝入降低到低于其能量消耗——可以延長壽命，并延緩衰老相關(guān)疾病的發(fā)生?！笨芍跋嚓P(guān)的研究表明節(jié)食可以延長動物的壽命。所以選項B為正確答案。

2.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】語義推測題。定位到文章第三段“Thestudyisalandmarkinthehistoryofthefield,becauseitssubjectswereeitherofnormalweightoronlyslightlyoverweight.這項研究是該領(lǐng)域歷史上的里程碑，因為它的研究對象要么體重正常，要么只是稍微超重?！眑andmark在這里是有“里程碑的事件”的意思，和C選項“具有重大意義的事件”意義相近。因此選項C正確。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。定位到文章第三段“Previousprojectshaveusedindividualswhowereclinicallyfat,thusconfusingtheunquestionablebenefitstohealthofreducingfatnesswiththepossibleadvantagesofcalorierestrictiontotheotherwisehealthy.由于以往的研究對象都是臨床肥胖研究者，因此人們會把減肥對健康毋庸置疑的好處與限制卡路里攝入量對健康人群可能帶來的好處混淆在一起?！庇蛇@句話我們可以得知人們常常會把減肥的好處和限制卡路里的攝入混在一起，區(qū)分不清。這樣也就造成了之前的研究不是很確定。故正確答案選D。

4.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第五段“Nevertheless,suchmetabolicadaptationcouldbethereasonwhycalorierestrictionisassociatedwithlongerlifespaninotheranimals—andthatiscertainlythehopeofthosewho,forthepast15years,havebeensearchingforwaysoftriggeringthatmetabolicadaptationbymeansotherthansemi-starvation.然而，這種代謝適應可能就是為什么限制熱量攝入與延長動物壽命有關(guān)的原因——這當然也是在過去15年里一直在尋找除半饑餓之外觸發(fā)這種代謝適應方法的人的希望?！苯Y(jié)合上下文推斷，這里主要是節(jié)食過程中，動物身上的新陳代謝發(fā)生變化。和選項C的意思基本相符。

5.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。定位到文章最后一段“Thosewhohopetofinditbymimickingtheeffectofcalorierestrictionarenot,however,completesnake-oilsalesmen,forthereisknowntobeafamilyofenzymes,whichactbothassensorsofnutrientavailabilityandasregulatorsofmetabolicrate.那些希望通過模擬限制卡路里的作用來研制藥物的人，他們并非完全只是些江湖郎中，因為已知有一組酶，它們既是營養(yǎng)可用性的傳感器，又是代謝率的調(diào)節(jié)者?！庇纱丝芍@里由于酶能夠抑制熱量的產(chǎn)生，它可能會作為一種替代熱量限制的作用的藥物來研發(fā)出來，作為延長人類壽命的藥。因此選項C正確。

3.單選題

Beforetheplane（

）,thepilotbailedout.

問題1選項

A.clashed

B.crashed

C.smashed

D.struck

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項clash“沖突、撞擊”；B選項crash“碰撞、墜毀”；C選項smash“粉碎、撞擊”；D選項strike“罷工、撞擊”，根據(jù)句中關(guān)鍵詞“plane飛機”可聯(lián)系crash“碰撞、墜毀”符合語境，句意為：飛機墜毀前，飛行員跳傘逃生。故正確答案選B。

4.單選題

Manyparentsarebusysendingtheirchildrentovarioustalentshows.（

）matterstothemistoturntheirchildrenfamousovernight.

問題1選項

A.It

B.Anything

C.Which

D.What

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知matterstothem是主語從句，且該從句主語只有what符合，故正確答案選D。句意為：許多父母送孩子學習各種興趣班。對他們來說重要的是讓孩子一夜成名。

5.單選題

Oneoftherequirementsforthemasterdegreeisthatstudents（

）.

問題1選項

A.oughttopassoraldefense

B.passoraldefense

C.needpassoraldefense

D.aretopassoraldefense

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。如果句子主語是requirement,suggestion,advice,order等詞，后面的表語從句中要用到虛擬語氣：should+動詞原形的結(jié)構(gòu)。這里should可以省略，句意為，對于碩士學位的要求之一是：學生應該通過論文答辯。分析四個選項，B最符合題意。

6.翻譯題

世界都在關(guān)注北京奧運會后中國政治經(jīng)濟走向。我們可以明確地說，中國將繼續(xù)堅定不移地走和平發(fā)展道路，繼續(xù)堅持改革開放不動搖，繼續(xù)貫徹獨立自主的和平外交政策。這符合中國人民的根本利益，也符合世界人民的根本利益，順應世界潮流。這次北京奧運會是在中國這樣一個最大的發(fā)展中國家舉行的。國際社會對中國政府和人民為此做出的努力給予了高度評價。奧運會的成功舉辦，使中國人民受到了極大的鼓舞，增強了實現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化的信心和力量。

(參考詞匯：remaincommitted;fundamentalinterests;inspire;confidence)

【答案】

NowthewholeworldwantstoknowinwhatdirectionChinaisheading,bothpoliticallyandeconomically,aftertheBeijingOlympicGames.LetmetellyouinunequivocaltermsthatChinawillremaincommittedtothepathofpeacefuldevelopment,unswervinglypursuereformandopening-up,andcontinuetoadheretoanindependentforeignpolicyofpeace.ThisisinthefundamentalinterestsoftheChinesepeopleandthepeopleofallothercountries.Itisalsoinkeepingwiththetrendoftheworld.ThejustconcludedOlympicGameswasheldinChina,thelargestdevelopingcountryintheworld.TheinternationalcommunityhashighlycommendedtheeffortsmadebytheChineseGovernmentandpeoplefortheGames.ThesuccessoftheOlympicGameshasgreatlyencouragedtheChinesepeopleandboostedtheirconfidenceandstrengthinrealizingmodernization.

7.單選題

Bythemid-nineteenthcentury,theterm“icebox”hadenteredtheAmericanlanguage,buticewasstillonlybeginningtoaffectthedietofordinarycitizensintheUnitedStates.Theicetradegrewwiththegrowthofcities.Icewasusedinhotels,taverns,andhospitals,andbysomeforward-lookingcitydealersinfreshmeat,freshfish,andbutter.AftertheCivilWar(1861-1865),asicewasusedtorefrigeratefreightcars,italsocameintohouseholduse.Evenbefore1880,halftheicesoldinNewYork,Philadelphia,andBaltimore,andone-thirdofthatsoldinBostonandChicago,wenttofamiliesfortheirownuse.Thishadbecomepossiblebecauseanewhouseholdconvenience,theicebox,aprecursorofthemodernrefrigerator,hadbeeninvented.

Makinganefficienticeboxwasnotaseasyaswemightnowsuppose.Intheearlynineteenthcentury,theknowledgeofthephysicsofheat,whichwasessentialtoascienceofrefrigeration,wasrudimentary.Thecommonsensenotionthatthebesticeboxwasonethatpreventedtheicefrommeltingwasofcoursemistaken,foritwasthemeltingoftheicethatperformedthecooling.

Nevertheless,earlyeffortstoeconomizeiceincludedwrappingtheiceinblankets,whichkepttheicefromdoingitsjob.Notuntilneartheendofthenineteenthcenturydidinventorsachievethedelicatebalanceofinsulationandcirculationneededforanefficienticebox.

Butasearlyas1803,aningeniousMarylandfarmer,ThomasMoore,hadbeenontherighttrack.HeownedafarmabouttwentymilesoutsidethecityofWashington,forwhichthevillageofGeorgetownwasthemarketcenter.Whenheusedaniceboxofhisowndesigntotransporthisbuttertomarket,hefoundthatcustomerswouldpassuptherapidlymeltingstuffinthetubsofhiscompetitorstopayapremiumpriceforhisbutter,stillfreshandhardinneat,one-poundbricks.Oneadvantageofhisicebox,moreexplained,wasthatfarmerswouldnolongerhavetotraveltomarketatnightinordertokeeptheirproducecool.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwasanobstacletothedevelopmentoftheicebox?

3.Theword“rudimentary”(Line3,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto（

）.

4.Accordingtotheinformationinthesecondparagraph,anidealiceboxwould（

）.

5.TheauthordescribesThomasMooreashavingbeen“ontherighttrack”(Lines1-2,Para.3)toindicatethat（

）.

問題1選項

A.Theinfluenceoficeonthediet.

B.Thedevelopmentofrefrigeration.

C.Thetransportationofgoodstomarket.

D.Sourcesoficeinthenineteenthcentury.

問題2選項

A.Theuseofinsufficientinsulation.

B.Inadequateunderstandingofphysics.

C.Thelackofanetworkforthedistributionofice.

D.Competitionamongtheownersofrefrigeratedfreightcars.

問題3選項

A.growing

B.necessary

C.undeveloped

D.uninteresting

問題4選項

A.stopairfromcirculating

B.allowicetomeltslowly

C.useblanketstoconserveice

D.completelypreventicefrommelting

問題5選項

A.Moore’sactionswerehonest

B.Moore’sfamilywasprosperous

C.Moore’sdesignwasfairlysuccessful

D.Moore’sfarmwasclosetotheWashingtonmarketeD.completelypreventicefrommelting

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】主旨大意題。分析文章，第一段講了“冰盒”這個冰箱原始的名稱出現(xiàn)的時間，以及時間上的發(fā)展。第二段和第三段都是圍繞冰箱，也就是制冷的發(fā)展的各個方面來展開的。故正確答案選B。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細節(jié)判斷題。定位到文章第二段“Intheearlynineteenthcentury,theknowledgeofthephysicsofheat,whichwasessentialtoascienceofrefrigeration,wasrudimentary.19世紀早期，人們關(guān)于熱物理學的知識十分有限，而這對于制冷科學是至關(guān)重要的”和最后一句“Notuntilneartheendofthenineteenthcenturydidinventorsachievethedelicatebalanceofinsulationandcirculationneededforanefficienticebox.直到19世紀末，發(fā)明家才實現(xiàn)了高效冰箱所需的隔熱和流通的微妙平衡。”由此可知，答案選B。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】語義推測題。定位到文章第二段第二句“Intheearlynineteenthcentury,theknowledgeofthephysicsofheat,whichwasessentialtoascienceofrefrigeration,wasrudimentary.19世紀早期，人們關(guān)于熱物理學的知識十分有限，而這對于制冷科學是至關(guān)重要的”。本句rudimentary是句子的表語，主語是theknowledgeofthephysicsofheat；結(jié)合本段最后一句話，分析上下文語境得出：19世紀早期的熱物理知識發(fā)展是不足的。這里rudimentary意思是“粗淺的，不先進的”，所以正確答案選C。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細節(jié)推斷題。第二段中講：制造一個高效的冰箱并不像我們現(xiàn)在想象的那么容易。19世紀早期，人們關(guān)于熱物理學的知識十分有限，而這對于制冷科學是至關(guān)重要的。當時最常見的說法是，最好的冰盒是阻止冰融化的，這當然是錯誤的，因為就是冰的融化產(chǎn)生冷卻作用。盡管如此，早期的努力包括用毯子把冰包裹起來，這樣冰就不能發(fā)揮作用了。直到19世紀末，發(fā)明家才實現(xiàn)了高效冰箱所需的隔熱和流通的微妙平衡。由此可判斷A、C和D都不符合，答案選B。

5.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。定位到文章第三段第三句“Whenheusedaniceboxofhisowndesigntotransporthisbuttertomarket,hefoundthatcustomerswouldpassuptherapidlymeltingstuffinthetubsofhiscompetitorstopayapremiumpriceforhisbutter,stillfreshandhardinneat,one-poundbricks.當他用自己設計的冰盒把黃油運到市場，他發(fā)現(xiàn)顧客會直接忽略他競爭對手桶中快要融化的產(chǎn)品，而寧愿花多點錢買他的仍然新鮮、堅硬的1鎊一塊的磚頭狀黃油?！庇蛇@句話可以推斷本段第一句中的“ontherighttrack做法對了”，說明托馬斯?莫爾自己設計的冰箱很成功，保存黃油效果很好。故正確答案選C。

8.翻譯題

Mydictionarydefineshappyas“l(fā)ucky”or“fortunate”,butIthinkabetterdefinitionofhappinessis“thecapacityforenjoyment.”Themorewecanenjoywhatwehave,thehappierweare.It’seasytooverlookthepleasurewegetfromlovingandbeingloved,thecompanyoffriends,thefreedomtolivewhereweplease,evengoodhealth.

Iaddedupmylittlemomentsofpleasureyesterday.FirsttherewassheerblisswhenIshutthelastlunchboxandhadthehousetomyself.ThenIspentanuninterruptedmorningwriting,whichIlove.Whenthekidscamehome,Ienjoyedtheirnoiseafterthequirtoftheday.Later,peacedescendedagain,andmyhusbandandIenjoyedanotherpleasure—intimacy.Sometimesjusttheknowledgethathewantsmecanbringmejoy.

【答案】

我的字典把幸福定義為“幸運”或“好運”。但是我想幸福更好的定義是“享受的能力”。我們越能享受所擁有的一切，我們就越快樂。我們很容易忽視從愛與被愛、朋友的陪伴、住在想住的地方的自由，甚至健康的身體中獲得的快樂。

我總結(jié)一下我昨天的幸福時刻：首先是我合上最后一個午餐飯盒，獨自在家時，我感到無比幸福；然后過了一個寫作不受干擾的上午，這令我愉快；等到孩子們回家，我享受安靜的一天過后他們吵鬧的聲音。不久，寧靜再次降臨，我和丈夫享受另一種快樂——親密。有時候，只要想到他需要我，就能給我?guī)砜鞓贰?/p>

9.單選題

Forhispoorjobachievements,hisbosscomplainedthathehadn’t（

）hisresponsibilities.

問題1選項

A.livedupto

B.putupwith

C.lookedforwardto

D.goneinfor

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項liveupto“不辜負，做到”；B選項putupwith“忍受，容忍”；C選項lookforwardto“期望，期待”；D選項goinfor“參加，從事，追求”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“poorjobachievements差勁的工作表現(xiàn)”和“responsibilities職責”，可知空格單詞意思為“做到，完成”，句意為：對他差勁的工作表現(xiàn)，他的老板抱怨說他沒有盡到職責。故和選項A意思接近。

10.單選題

（

）ishisowndecision.

問題1選項

A.Whenleaving

B.Whendoesheleave

C.Whenheleaves

D.Heleaves

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。由空格后“ishisowndecision”的對應知這里缺少主語，故能充當主語的C項“Whenheleaves”正確。A項“Whenleaving”屬于時間狀語；B項“Whendoesheleave”屬于疑問句，不能充當主語；D項“Heleaves”中謂語動詞“l(fā)eaves”與空格后系動詞“is”重復，在語法結(jié)構(gòu)上不正確。選項C正確。

11.單選題

Historianshaveonlyrecentlybeguntonotetheincreaseindemandforluxurygoodsandservicesthattookplaceineighteenth-centuryEngland.McKendrickhasexploredtheWedgwoodfirm’sremarkablesuccessinmarketingluxurypottery.Plumbhaswrittenabouttheproliferationofprovincialtheaters,musicalfestivals,andchildren’stoysandbooks.Whilethefactofthisconsumerrevolutionishardlyindoubt,threekeyquestionsremain:Whoweretheconsumers?Whatweretheirmotives?Andwhatweretheeffectsofthenewdemandforluxuries?

Ananswertothefirstofthesehasbeendifficulttoobtain.Althoughithasbeenpossibletoinferfromthegoodsandservicesactuallyproducedwhatmanufacturersandservicingtradesthoughttheircustomerswanted,onlyastudyofrelevantpersonaldocumentswrittenbyactualconsumerswillprovideaprecisepictureofwhowantedwhat.Westillneedtoknowhowlargethisconsumermarketwasandhowfardownthesocialscaletheconsumerdemandforluxurygoodspenetrated.Withregardtothislastquestion,wemightnoteinpassingthatThompson,whilerightlyrestoringlaboringpeopletothestageofeighteenth-centuryEnglishhistory,hasprobablyexaggeratedtheoppositionofthesepeopletotheinroadsofcapitalistconsumerismingeneral;forexample,laboringpeopleineighteenth-centuryEnglandreadilyshiftedfromhome-brewedbeertostandardizedbeerproducedbyhuge,heavilycapitalizedurbanbreweries.

Toanswerthequestionofwhyconsumersbecamesoeagertobuy,somehistorianshavepointedtotheabilityofmanufacturerstoadvertiseinarelativelyuncensoredpress.This,however,hardlyseemsasufficientanswer.MckendrickfavorsaViablemodelofconspicuousconsumptionstimulatedbycompetitionforstatus.The“middlingsort”boughtgoodsandservicesbecausetheywantedtofollowfashionssetbytherich.Again,wemaywonderwhetherthisexplanationissufficient.Donotpeopleenjoybuyingthingsasaformofself-gratification?Ifso,consumerismcouldbeseenasaproductoftheriseofnewconceptsofindividualismandmaterialism,butnotnecessarilyofthefrenzyforconspicuouscompetition.

Finally,whatweretheconsequencesofthisconsumerdemandforluxuries?McKendrickclaimsthatitgoesalongwaytowardexplainingthecomingoftheIndustrialRevolution.Butdoesit?What,forexample,doestheproductionofhigh-qualitypotteryandtoyshavetodowiththedevelopmentofironmanufactureortextilemills?Itisperfectlypossibletohavethepsychologyandrealityofaconsumersocietywithoutaheavyindustrialsector.

Thatfutureexplorationofthesekeyquestionsisundoubtedlynecessaryshouldnot,however,diminishtheforceoftheconclusionofrecentstudies:theinsatiabledemandineighteenth-centuryEnglandforfrivolousaswellasusefulgoodsandservicesforeshadowsourownworld.

1.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthormentionsMcKendrickandPlumbmostprobablyinorderto（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingitems,ifpreservedfromeighteenth-centuryEngland,wouldprovideanexampleofthekindofdocumentsmentionedinLines3-4,Paragraph2?

3.Accordingtothetext,Thompsonattributestolaboringpeopleineighteenth-centuryEnglandwhichofthefollowingattitudestowardcapitalistconsumerism?

4.Inthethirdparagraph,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

5.Accordingtothetext,eighteenth-centuryEnglandandthecontemporaryworldofthetextreadersare（

）.

問題1選項

A.contrasttheirviewsonthesubjectofluxuryconsumerismineighteenth-centuryEngland

B.indicatetheinadequacyofhistorio-graphicalapproachestoeighteenth-centuryEnglishhistory

C.giveexamplesofhistorianswhohavehelpedtoestablishthefactofgrowingconsumerismineighteenth-centuryEngland

D.supportthecontentionthatkeyquestionsabouteighteenth-centuryconsumerismremaintobeanswered

問題2選項

A.Awrittenagreementbetweenasupplierofrawmaterialsandasupplierofluxurygoods.

B.Adiarythatmentionsluxurygoodsandservicespurchasedbyitsauthor.

C.Atheaterticketstampedwiththedateandnameofaparticularplay.

D.Apayrollrecordfromacompanythatproducedluxurygoodssuchaspottery.

問題3選項

A.Enthusiasm.

B.Curiosity.

C.Ambivalence.

D.Hostility.

問題4選項

A.contrastingtwothesesandofferingacompromise

B.questioningtwoexplanationsandproposingapossiblealternativetothem

C.paraphrasingtheworkoftwohistoriansandquestioningtheirassumptions

D.examiningtwotheoriesandendorsingoneovertheother

問題5選項

A.dissimilarintheextenttowhichluxuryconsumerismcouldbesaidtobewidespreadamongthesocialclasses

B.dissimilarintheirdefinitionsofluxurygoodsandservices

C.dissimilarintheextenttowhichluxurygoodscouldbesaidtobestimulantofindustrialdevelopment

D.similarintheirstrongdemandforavarietyofgoodsandservices

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第一段，主要敘述了歷史學家開始注意到奢侈品消費的研究，并舉例說明兩個學者的具體的研究，最后提出了三個問題。因此在第一段中提到兩個人名是為了舉例說明18世紀英格蘭消費主義增長的事實。故正確答案C。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。定位到文章第二段“Althoughithasbeenpossibletoinferfromthegoodsandservicesactuallyproducedwhatmanufacturersandservicingtradesthoughttheircustomerswanted,onlyastudyofrelevantpersonaldocumentswrittenbyactualconsumerswillprovideaprecisepictureofwhowantedwhat.盡管可以從制造商和服務行業(yè)針對他們的客戶所需要的產(chǎn)品和服務中推斷出他們實際生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品和服務，但只有對由實際消費者撰寫的相關(guān)個人文件進行研究，才能準確地推測出什么樣的人需要什么樣的東西?！庇纱丝梢?，這里文章中提到的文件是屬于由實際消費者撰寫的相關(guān)個人文件，因此選項B為正確答案。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。定位到文章第二段“Withregardtothislastquestion,wemightnoteinpassingthatThompson,whilerightlyrestoringlaboringpeopletothestageofeighteenth-centuryEnglishhistory,hasprobablyexaggeratedtheoppositionofthesepeopletotheinroadsofcapitalistconsumerismingeneral…關(guān)于最后一個問題，我們可以順便指出，雖然湯普森正確地還原了勞動人民在英國18世紀歷史的階段，但他很可能夸大了這些人對資本主義消費主義的反對”?？梢酝茰y勞動人民對于消費主義并不存在好奇心或者其他情緒，而是“反對”。選項D符合題意。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】段落大意題。定位到文章第三段，首先提出了關(guān)于第一種理論模式：制造商對于奢侈品宣傳的能力。接著提出第二種理論模式：人們購買奢侈品是受社會地位競爭的驅(qū)動。通過對兩種理論的批判，自己提出了替代性的理論認識。故選項B比較符合題意。

5.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章最后一段“Thatfutureexplorationofthesekeyquestionsisundoubtedlynecessaryshouldnot,however,diminishtheforceoftheconclusionofrecentstudies:theinsatiabledemandineighteenth-centuryEnglandforfrivolousaswellasusefulgoodsandservicesforeshadowsourownworld.然而，未來對這些關(guān)鍵問題的探索無疑是必要的，減少最近研究結(jié)論的力量：十八世紀英格蘭對輕浮和有用的商品和服務的貪得無厭的需求預示著我們自己的世界?！庇纱丝芍?，十八世紀的英國人和現(xiàn)代人在消費觀上存在某些相似性，因此選項D正確。

12.單選題

Theinvestigationintothefoodsafetyincidentoverdairyproductstaintedwithmelamineis（

）

問題1選項

A.preceding

B.prescribing

C.proceeding

D.processing

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項precede“先于、領(lǐng)先”；B選項prescribe“規(guī)定、開處方”；C選項proceed“開始、繼續(xù)進行”；D選項process“處理、加工”，句意為：對于奶制品受三聚氰胺污染的食品安全事件，調(diào)查仍然在繼續(xù)。故正確答案選C。

13.單選題

Itwas（

）thattherestaurantdiscriminatedagainstblackcustomers.

問題1選項

A.addicted

B.assaulted

C.alleged

D.ascribed

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項addict“使沉迷”；B選項assault“攻擊、襲擊”；C選項allege“宣稱，斷言”；D選項ascribe“歸于”。這里重點考查的是固定搭配itisallegedthat意思是“據(jù)指稱，有人稱”。根據(jù)從句部分“therestaurantdiscriminatedagainstblackcustomers”可知空格部分意思為“據(jù)說，據(jù)稱”，句意為：據(jù)說這家旅店歧視黑人顧客。選項C符合句子語境意思。

14.單選題

Tosurviveintheintensemarketcompetition,wemust（

）thequalitiesandvarietiesofproductswemaketotheworld-marketdemand.

問題1選項

A.improve

B.gear

C.guarantee

D.enhance

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項improve“提高，改善”；B選項gear“適合；配合”；C選項guarantee“保證，擔?！?；D選項enhance“加強，提高”。gearto有“使……適合，配合”的意思。根據(jù)句子空格前后分析，這里需要填入一個動詞，根據(jù)題干前面的句意是“tosurviveintheintensemarketcompetition要在激烈的市場競爭中求生存”，結(jié)合后面的關(guān)鍵詞“qualitiesandvarietiesofproducts商品的質(zhì)量和數(shù)量”，可知B選項“適合，配合”符合語境，句意：為了在激烈的市場競爭中生存下來，我們必須調(diào)整產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量及品種以適應國際市場的需求。選項B正確。

15.單選題

TheGymnasiumwas（

）byApril2014,butnowthewallwasstillnowhereinsight.

問題1選項

A.tobecompleted

B.tocomplete

C.tohavecompleted

D.tohavebeencompleted

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。這里考查的是非謂語動詞不定式的用法。選項A是不定式結(jié)構(gòu)的被動形式，表示被動或是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。選項B是不定式的一般式，和句中的主語形成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。選項C是不定式的完成式，表示動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生。選項D表示不定式的完成式，并且含有被動語態(tài)，表示動賓關(guān)系兼完成狀態(tài)。分析文章語義“體育館2014年4月建成”了，選項D為最佳答案。

16.單選題

Outsidetheoffice（

）probablyinherlate60s,wearingfashionableT-shirt.

問題1選項

A.stoodablondlady

B.sawablondlady

C.ablondladystood

D.foundablondlady

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。當句子以介詞短語開頭，需要完全倒裝，也就是介詞短語+動詞+主語+剩余修飾成分，這里outsidetheoffice是介詞短語，空格部分應根據(jù)句意是“站著一位金發(fā)碧眼的老婦人”，所以這里選項A“stoodablondlady”符合題意。

17.單選題

Itisreportedthatthirtypeoplewerekilledina（

）ontherailwayyesterday.

問題1選項

A.collision

B.collaboration

C.corrosion

D.confrontation

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項collision“碰撞”；B選項collaboration“合作，勾結(jié)”；C選項corrosion“腐蝕，侵蝕”；D選項confrontation“對抗，面對”，根據(jù)空格前后的句子成分判斷，這里應該填一個名詞，充當介詞的賓語，從句意思是“有30人在昨天的鐵路撞擊事故中喪生”，可知空格部分單詞為“撞擊事故”，句意為：據(jù)報道有30人在昨天的鐵路撞擊事故中喪生。故正確答案A。

18.翻譯題

目前，中國仍是跨國公司投資的首選目的地，特別是在服務業(yè)和外包行業(yè)。2013年，全球外國直接投資下降近40%，但對華投資僅下降3%。作為對西方擔憂的回應，中國不斷加大保護知識產(chǎn)權(quán)力度，制定了系列比較完整、在世界上也比較先進的保護知識產(chǎn)權(quán)法律體系和行政執(zhí)法、刑事執(zhí)法雙軌的執(zhí)法機制。在危機中遭遇巨大沖擊的跨國公司，在中國找到了新的發(fā)展空間和增長點。2009年，通用汽車在美國申請破產(chǎn)，但該公司在華銷售卻增長了67%。

(參考詞匯：multinationalcompanies;outsourcing;intellectualproperty;double-track)

【答案】

Recently,Chinaremainsatopdestinationforinvestmentbymultinationalcompanies,particularlyinserviceandoutsourcing.In2013,globalFDIdroppedbynearly40%,butinvestmentintoChinafellbyonly3%.ReactingtoworriesintheWest,Chinahasalsostrengthenedintellectualpropertyprotectionwithnewlawsanda“double-track”systemofadministrativeandcriminalenforcement.Crisis-hitmultinationalshavefoundnewsourcesofprofitgrowthinChina.In2009,GeneralMotorsfiledforbankruptcyintheUS,butitssalesinChinagrewby67%.

19.單選題

Untilrecently,womeninadvertisementswereoneofthreethings—anapron,aglamorousdressorafrown.Althoughthatisnowchanging,manywomenstillfeelangryenoughtodefaceoffendingadvertisementswithstickersprotesting,“Thisaddegradeswomen.”Whydoesthissortofadvertisingexist?Howcanadvertisersandadagenciesstillproduce,sometimes,aftermonthsofresearch,advertisingthatoffendstheconsumer?

TheAdvertisingStandardsAuthority(thebodywhichdealswithcomplaintsaboutprintmedia)iscarryingoutaresearchintohowwomenfeelaboutthewaytheyareportrayedinadvertisements.Itsconclusionsarelikelytobewhattheadvertisingindustryalreadyknows:althoughwomenareoftenirritatedbythewaytheyareseeninads,fewfeelstronglyenoughtocomplain.

Womenarenottheonlyvictimsofpoorandboringstereotypes—inmanyTVcommercialsmenareseeneitherasuseless,childishoafs(笨蛋)whoareunabletoperformthesimplesthouseholdtasks,orasinconsiderateboors,permanentlyonthelookoutforanescapetothepub.Butitiswomenwhoseemtobearthebruntoftheindustry’sapparentinabilitytoputpeopleintoanauthenticpresent-daycontext.

YetaccordingtoEmmaBennett,executivecreativedirectorofaLondonadvertisingagency,womenarenotinfuriatedbystereotypesandsexistadvertising.Ittendstowashoverthem,theyarenotmilitantorangry—theyjustfinditannoyingortiresome.Theyreluctantlyacceptoutdatedstereotypes,butheaveasighofreliefwhenanadvertisementreallygetsitright.

Shesaysthatitisnotadvertising’suseofthehousewiferolethatbotherswomen,butthewayinwhichitishandled.“Researchershaveoftenaskedthewrongquestions