2022年考研考博-考博英語-沈陽藥科大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)15

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-沈陽藥科大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Spacemayseemremote,butit’sreallynotthatfaraway.Ifyoucoulddriveyourcarstraightup,injustafewhoursyou’dreachthealtitudeatwhichthespaceshuttleflies.Thepopularorbitsforsatellitesbegintwiceasfarup—about400milesaboveourheads.TheretelecommunicationsandweathersatellitesorbitatthesameratethatEarthrotates,allowingthemtohoveraboveasinglespotontheEquator.

ItwastheexplosionsofderelictrocketsthatfirstdrewNASA’sattentiontodebris.Inthe1970sDeltarocketsleftinorbitafterdeliveringtheirpayloadsbeganblowingup.Aninvestigationshowedthatthebulkheadsseparatingtheleftoverfuelswereprobablycrackingasaresultoftherocket’spassinginandoutofsunlight.NASAbeganrecommendingthatleftoverfuelsbeburnedattheendofaflight,orthattheybeventedintospace.Sincethenmostpublicandprivatelaunchershavetakensimilarmeasures—suchstepsarerelativelyinexpensivemeansoflimitingdebris.Still,everyfewmonthsonaverageanoldrocketorsatelliteexplodes,flingingacloudofdebrisintospace.

FormanyyearsNASAandtheDepartmentofDefensewereskepticalaboutthedangersofspacedebris.Theproblemseemedabstract,residingmoreincomputermodelsthaninhardexperience.Anditchallengedthecan-domentalityofspaceenthusiasts.Earth’sorbitseemedtoolargeandemptytopollute.Toitscredit,NASAhaslongmaintainedadebris-researchprogram,staffedbytop-notchscientistswhohavepersistedinpointingoutthelong-termhazardsofspacejunkevenwhenthehigher-upsatNASAhaven’twantedtohearaboutit.ThencametheChallengeraccident,in1986.NASAofficialsrealizedthattheiremphasisonhumanspaceflightcouldbackfire.Ifpeoplediedinspace,publicsupportfortheshuttleprogramcouldunravel.

EngineerstookanewlookattheshuttleandtheInternationalSpaceStation.Designedinthe1970s,whendebriswasnotconsideredafactor,theshuttlewasdeterminedtobeclearlyvulnerable.Afteralmosteverymissionwidowsontheshuttlearesobadlypittedbymicroscopicdebristhattheyneedtobereplaced.SoonNASAwasflyingtheshuttleupsidedownandbackward,sothatitsrockets,ratherthanthemoresensitivecrewcompartments,wouldabsorbtheworstimpacts.Andengineerswereaddingshieldingtothespacestation’smostvulnerableareas.

Butaddingshieldingandrepairkitswon’tsolvetherealproblem.Therealproblemisthatwheneversomethingisputintoanorbit,theriskofcollisionforallobjectsinthatorbitgoesup.Therefore,theonlytrulyeffectivemeasureisaprocessknownasdeorbiting.ThelogicbehinddeorbitinghasbeeninescapablesincethebeginningoftheSpaceAge,yetithasjustbeguntopenetratetheconsciousnessofspacecraftdesignersandlaunchers.In1995NASAissuedaguidelinesayingthatsatellitesandtheupperstagesofrocketswithin1,250milesofEarthshouldremaininorbitfornolongerthantwenty-fiveyearsaftertheendoftheirfunctionallives.Buttheguidelineappliesonlytonewspacecraftandcanbewaivedifotherconsiderationsprevail.AsaresultNASAandtheDefenseDepartmentalsocontinuetoleavetheupperstagesofsomeoftheirlaunchvehiclesinorbit,partlybecauseexistingdesignsdonotlendthemselvestodeorbiting.

Furthermore,thecharacteroftheSpaceAgeischanging.TheprivatesectornowputsmorepayloadsintoorbitthandoNASAandtheU.S.andRussianmilitariescombined.AscoreofcommunicationscompaniesintheU.S.andothercountrieshaveannouncedplansthatwillputhundredsofsatellitesintoorbitoverthenextdecade.Noneofthesecompaniesisunderanyobligationtolimitorbitaldebris.Companiesthatarelaunchinglargeconstellationsofsatellitesareworriedaboutcollisionsbetweenthesatellites,andtheyarewellawarethatapublic-relationsdisasterwouldensureifapieceofashatteredsatellitesmackedthestation.Asaresult,someplantodeorbitsatellitesattheendoftheirusefullives.Butothercompaniesareleavingtheirsatellitesuporarecountingonatmosphericdragtobringthemdown.

Governmentregulationscoveringorbitaldebrisarestillrudimentary.Fornow,thefederalagenciesthathaveauthorityovercommerciallaunchesarewaitingtoseeiftheprivatesectorcandealwiththeproblemonitsown.Butdeorbitingrocketsandsatellitesisexpensive.Asatellitecouldkeepoperatingforseveraladditionalmonthsifitdidn’tneedtoreservefuelfordeorbiting.Someindustryrepresentativessaytheywantregulations,butonlyiftheregulationsapplytoeveryoneandcannotbeevaded.Onereasonforournonchalanceisthatnewtechnologieshavegottenusoutofmanypastscrapes—andmaybetheywillwithorbitaldebris,too.In1987theWorldCommissiononEnvironmentandDevelopmentdefinedsustainabledevelopmentasmeetingtheneedsofthepresentgenerationwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirneeds.Inspacewearefailingthesustainabilitytestmiserably.Ahundredyearsfromnow,whenourdescendantswanttoputsatellitesintoorbitsteemingwithdebris,theywillwonderwhatwecouldhavebeenthinking.Thesimpleanswerisweweren’tthinkingatall.

31.NASAbegantopayattentiontotheproblemofdebrisbecause_________.

32.Theword“vented”inthesecondparagraphprobablymeans____________.

33.Itcanbeinferredfromthethirdparagraphthat_________.

34.Inordertosolvetheproblemofdebris,NASAhasadoptedallthefollowingmethods

EXCEPT___________.

35.Allprivatecompanieswilldealwithspacedebriswhen_________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.burningofthearticlestherocketscarriedledtoitsexplosion

B.apartoftherocketssnapped,whichresultedinitsexplosion

C.leftoverfuelswereleakedandtherocketsfellontotheearth

D.leftoverfuelswereheated,whichcausedtherockets’explosion

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.ventured

B.launched

C.exploded

D.discharged

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Americangovernmentshoweddeepconcernfordebrispollution

B.debrispollutiondidn’tarousetoomuchpublicattention

C.therewaslittlechanceoftheearthbeingpollutedbydebris

D.fewscientistsconsidereddebrispollutionharmfultotheearth

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.toapplyanewtechnology

B.toaddsomeprotectivecoveringtotheshuttle

C.tofixtheequipmentoftheshuttle

D.toreplacetheshuttlewitharocket

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.deorbitingrocketsandsatellitesbecomesinexpensive

B.theirsatellitesaretoooldtoservethem

C.operableregulationshavebeenmadebythegovernment

D.thelawordainsthattheymustdoso

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】31.判斷推理題。題干“美國國家航空航天局（NASA）是因?yàn)槭裁撮_始關(guān)注碎片的問題”，可定位到文章第2段ItwastheexplosionsofderelictrocketsthatfirstdrewNASA’sattentiontodebris.（正是廢棄火箭的爆炸引起了NASA對(duì)碎片的注意。）由此可知，是因?yàn)榛鸺谋ㄒ鹆薔ASA的注意，排除C選項(xiàng)“剩余燃料泄漏，火箭落到地球上”；那么是什么原因?qū)е铝吮?？繼續(xù)看后文。第2段第2句Deltarocketsleftinorbitafterdeliveringtheirpayloadsbeganblowingup.（留在軌道上的德爾塔號(hào)火箭在運(yùn)送完負(fù)載后開始爆炸。）由此可知，并非火箭所運(yùn)載的物品燃燒導(dǎo)致了爆炸，因?yàn)楸òl(fā)生在火箭運(yùn)載物運(yùn)送完之后，排除A選項(xiàng)“火箭所攜帶物品的燃燒導(dǎo)致了爆炸”；第2段第3句Aninvestigationshowedthatthebulkheadsseparatingtheleftoverfuelswereprobablycrackingasaresultoftherocket’spassinginandoutofsunlight.（一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示，隔離剩余燃料的艙壁破裂可能是因?yàn)榛鸺陉柟庹丈湎逻M(jìn)出。）由此可知，陽光照射導(dǎo)致燃料艙艙壁破裂，排除B選項(xiàng)“火箭的一部分?jǐn)嗔?，?dǎo)致了爆炸”，因?yàn)榛鸺]有斷裂；再根據(jù)后一句NASA的建議leftoverfuelsbeburnedattheendofaflight（剩余燃料在飛行結(jié)束時(shí)燃燒掉）推斷，火箭爆炸與剩余燃料有關(guān)?？偟膩碚f，陽光照射導(dǎo)致燃料艙艙壁破裂，艙壁破裂導(dǎo)致剩余燃料被陽光照射，剩余燃料被陽光照射之后導(dǎo)致火箭爆炸，D選項(xiàng)“剩余燃料被加熱導(dǎo)致了火箭爆炸”符合題意。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為D。

32.詞義推測題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“vented”定位到原文第2段第4句NASAbeganrecommendingthatleftoverfuelsbeburnedattheendofaflight,orthattheybeventedintospace.（NASA開始建議剩余燃料在飛行結(jié)束時(shí)燃燒掉，或者_(dá)___到太空中。）A選項(xiàng)venture“冒險(xiǎn)”；B選項(xiàng)launch“發(fā)射（導(dǎo)彈、火箭等）”；C選項(xiàng)explode“爆炸；激增”；D選項(xiàng)discharge“排出；放出；流出”，原文中“vented”的主語是剩余燃料，把四個(gè)選項(xiàng)帶入原句，只有D選項(xiàng)符合句意。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為D。

33.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干“從第3段中可推測出____”定位到第3段。A選項(xiàng)“美國政府對(duì)碎片污染問題表示了深切關(guān)注”，定位到第3段第1句FormanyyearsNASAandtheDepartmentofDefensewereskepticalaboutthedangersofspacedebris.（多年來，美國宇航局和國防部一直對(duì)太空碎片的危險(xiǎn)性持懷疑態(tài)度。）由此可知，美國政府對(duì)碎片污染的態(tài)度是懷疑的，而不是深切關(guān)注，排除A選項(xiàng)；B選項(xiàng)“碎片污染并沒有引起公眾太多的關(guān)注”，定位到第3段最后一句Ifpeoplediedinspace,publicsupportfortheshuttleprogramcouldunravel.（如果有人在太空中死亡，公眾對(duì)航天飛機(jī)項(xiàng)目的支持可能會(huì)瓦解。）由此可知，目前公眾對(duì)航天飛機(jī)項(xiàng)目還是支持的，而太空碎片污染問題已經(jīng)存在，即現(xiàn)在碎片污染問題的存在并沒有影響公眾對(duì)航天工作的支持，公眾關(guān)心的是有沒有人在太空中死亡，B選項(xiàng)的表述與原文相符；C選項(xiàng)“地球被碎片污染的可能性很小”定位到第3段第3句Earth’sorbitseemedtoolargeandemptytopollute.（地球的軌道似乎太大太空曠，無法污染。）首先原文使用了seem“似乎”說明所述觀點(diǎn)并不一定正確，其次，原文講的是地球的軌道而非地球本身，所以排除C選項(xiàng)；D選項(xiàng)“幾乎沒有科學(xué)家認(rèn)為碎片污染對(duì)地球有害”定位到第3段第5句Toitscredit,…whenthehigher-upsatNASAhaven’twantedtohearaboutit.（值得稱贊的是，NASA長期以來一直維持著一個(gè)碎片研究項(xiàng)目，由頂尖的科學(xué)家組成，他們堅(jiān)持指出太空垃圾的長期危害，即使NASA的高層不想聽到這些。）由此可知，頂尖科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為碎片污染是有害的，只是NASA高層不愿意相信，選項(xiàng)中few使用不正確，排除D選項(xiàng)。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為B。

34.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干“為了解決碎片的問題，除了____，NASA采用了以下所有方法”。A選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)用新技術(shù)”可定位到最后一段Onereasonforournonchalanceisthatnewtechnologieshavegottenusoutofmanypastscrapes—andmaybetheywillwithorbitaldebris,too.（我們無動(dòng)于衷的一個(gè)原因是新技術(shù)已經(jīng)讓我們擺脫了許多過去的困境——也許也會(huì)讓我們擺脫軌道碎片的困境。）由此可知，人們期待新技術(shù)能解決碎片問題，說明NASA正在應(yīng)用新技術(shù)來解決碎片問題，只是能否解決尚未可知，排除A選項(xiàng)；原文第5段第1句Butaddingshieldingandrepairkitswon’tsolvetherealproblem.（但增加防護(hù)和修復(fù)設(shè)備并不能解決真正的問題。）由此可知，增加防護(hù)和修復(fù)設(shè)備是已經(jīng)采用的方法，所以B選項(xiàng)“給航天飛機(jī)加一些保護(hù)措施”以及C選項(xiàng)“修理航天飛機(jī)的設(shè)備”可排除；D選項(xiàng)“用火箭取代航天飛機(jī)”原文并未提及。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為D。

35.推理判斷題。題干“當(dāng)____時(shí)，所有私人公司都將處理太空碎片問題”定位到原文最后一段第5句Someindustryrepresentativessaytheywantregulations,butonlyiftheregulationsapplytoeveryoneandcannotbeevaded.（一些行業(yè)代表表示，他們希望監(jiān)管，但前提是這些監(jiān)管適用于所有人，且人們不能逃避監(jiān)管。）由此可知，他們希望所有有關(guān)的人都受到監(jiān)管，且所有的人都必須處理太空垃圾，不能逃避。要做到這一點(diǎn)，只能依靠法律。因此，D選項(xiàng)“法律規(guī)定他們必須這樣做”符合原文表述。A選項(xiàng)“脫軌火箭和衛(wèi)星變得便宜了”可定位到最后一段第3句Butdeorbitingrocketsandsatellitesisexpensive.（但是火箭和衛(wèi)星脫離軌道是昂貴的。）由此可知，私人公司未處理太空碎片問題的一個(gè)原因是使火箭衛(wèi)星離軌很貴，但并不能保證便宜下來，所有人都肯定會(huì)處理太空碎片問題，排除A選項(xiàng)；B選項(xiàng)“他們的衛(wèi)星太舊了，不能為他們服務(wù)”，原文并沒有相關(guān)表述，排除；C選項(xiàng)“政府制定切實(shí)可行的規(guī)定”，可定位到最后一段第2句Fornow,thefederalagenciesthathaveauthorityovercommerciallaunchesarewaitingtoseeiftheprivatesectorcandealwiththeproblemonitsown.（目前，有權(quán)管理商業(yè)發(fā)射的聯(lián)邦機(jī)構(gòu)正在觀望私營部門能否自行解決這個(gè)問題。）由此可知，政府部希望私人公司能夠自己解決這個(gè)問題，所以政府制定切實(shí)可行的規(guī)定較難實(shí)現(xiàn)，排除。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為D。

2.單選題

Inmostpeople’smind,growthisassociatedwithprosperity.WejudgehowwelltheeconomyisdoingbythesizeoftheGrossNationalProduct(GNP),ameasure,supposedly,ofgrowth.Equallyaxiomatic,however,isthenotionthatincreasedpressureondwindlingnaturalresourcesmustinevitablyleadtoadeclineinprosperity,especiallywhenaccompaniedbyagrowthinpopulation.So,whichiscorrect:growthmeansprosperityandnogrowthmeansadversity,orgrowthmeansadversityandnogrowthmeans...what?

Whatgrowthadvocatesmean,primarily,whentheysaygrowthisnecessaryforprosperityisthatgrowthisnecessaryforthesmoothfunctioningoftheeconomicsystem.InonearenatheargumentinfavorofgrowthisparticularlycompellingandthatiswithregardtotheThirdWorld.Toargueagainstgrowth,otherthanpopulationgrowth,inlightofThirdWorldpovertyanddegradationseemscallous,ifnotcruel,thepompouspostulatingofthecomfortableandthesecure.Butisit?Coulditbethatgrowth,especiallythegrowthofthewealthiercountries,hascontributedtotheimpoverishment,nottheadvancement,ofThirdWorldcountries?Ifnot,howdoweaccountforthedesperatestraitsthesecountriesfindthemselvesintodayafteracenturyofdedicationtogrowth?

ToseehowthismightbethecasewemustlookattheimpactofgrowthonThirdWorldcountries-thereality,nottheabstractstages-of-economic-growthnostrumpropoundedthroughrose-coloredglassesbyacademiciansofthedevelopedworld.WhatgoodisgrowthtothepeopleoftheThirdWorldifitmeanstheconversionofpeasantfarmsintomechanizedagri-businessesproducingcommoditiesnotforlocalconsumptionbutforexport,ifitmeansthestrippingoftheirlandofitsmineralandarborealtreasurestothebenefitofforeigninvestorsandahandfuloftheirlocalcollaborators,ifitmeanstheassumptionofacrushingforeignindebtedness,theproceedsofwhichgoesnotintothedevelopmentofthecountrybutintothepurchaseofluxurycars,thepaddingofSwissbankaccounts,andthebuyingofcondominiumsinMiami?

Admittedly,thisisanoversimplification,whichappliestonocountryinitsentiretyandtosomecountriesnotatall.Butthepoint,Ibelieve,remainsvalid;thatgrowthinunderdevelopedcountriescannotsimplybejudgedintheabstract;itmustbejudgedbasedonthetruenatureofgrowthinthesesocieties,onwhobenefitsandwhoisharmed,onwheregrowthisleadingthesepeopleandwhereithasleftthem.Whenconsideredinthisway,itjustmightbethatinthepresentcontextgrowthismoredetrimentaltothewell-beingofthewretchedoftheearththanbeneficial.

So,doweneedgrowthforprosperity?Onlytheadoptionofzerogrowthcanprovidetheanswer.Butthatisatestnoteasilyundertaken.Moderneconomiesareincrediblycomplexphenomena,atributetoman’sabilitytoorganizeandachallengetohisabilitytounderstanding.Anythingthataffectstheirfunctioning,suchasapolicyofzerogrowth,shouldnotbeproposedwithoutawaryprudenceandaself-doubtinghumility.Butiftheprospectofleapingintotheeconomicunknownisfear-inspiring,equallysoistheprospectoflettingthatfearpreventusfromactingwhenthefailuretoactcouldmeanuntoldmiseryforfuturegenerationsandperhapsenvironmentalcatastropheswhichthreatenourveryexistence.

11.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoestheauthorsupport?

12.ItisimpliedinParagraphs2and3that____.

13.WithregardtotheeconomicdevelopmentinThirdWorldcountriestheauthorisactuallysayingthat____.

14.Theauthorseemstobelievethatprosperity____.

15.Theansweroftheauthortothequestion“Doweneedgrowthforprosperity”is____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.GrossNationalProductisasafemeasureforeconomicgrowth.

B.Growthinpopulationwillbeachiefthreattoeconomicprosperity.

C.Adeclineinprosperitywillinevitablyleadtoagrowthinpopulation.

D.Diminishingnaturalresourceswillproveharmfultothewell-beingofhumanity.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thesmoothfunctioningoftheeconomicsystemisdependentonsustainedprosperity

B.economicgrowthhasnotcontributedtothepovertyoftheThirdWorldcountries

C.growthinrichercountriesisachievedattheexpenseoftheThirdWorldcountries

D.thestagesofeconomicgrowthcannotbesupersededormodifiedbysocialmechanisms

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thepeopleinthesecountrieshavenotactuallybenefitedfromit

B.inadequateinvestmenthasseriouslyaffectedthedevelopment

C.deepdebtvirtuallymakesfurthergrowthinthesecountriesimpossible

D.agricultureinthesecountriesshouldhavebeenleftintact

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.canonlybeachievedwitheconomicgrowth

B.canbeachievedwithouteconomicgrowth

C.isatributetoman’sabilityandcreativity

D.isfragileinfaceofenvironmentalcatastrophes

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.positive

B.negative

C.vague

D.inconclusive

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】11.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoestheauthorsupport?作者支持下列哪一種說法？

A.GrossNationalProductisasafemeasureforeconomicgrowth.A.國民生產(chǎn)總值是衡量經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的可靠指標(biāo)。

B.Growthinpopulationwillbeachiefthreattoeconomicprosperity.B.人口增長將是經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮的主要威脅。

C.Adeclineinprosperitywillinevitablyleadtoagrowthinpopulation.C.繁榮的衰落將不可避免地導(dǎo)致人口的增長。

D.Diminishingnaturalresourceswillproveharmfultothewell-beingofhumanity.D.自然資源的減少不利于人類的福祉。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】本題要求選擇作者會(huì)贊同的一項(xiàng)，那么就要選擇符合原文的表述。原文第1段第3句，該句提到“對(duì)日益減少的自然資源（dwindlingnaturalresources）施加越來越大的壓力，必然會(huì)不可避免地導(dǎo)致繁榮的衰落（leadtoadeclineinprosperity）”，由此可知，作者認(rèn)為自然資源減少不利于繁榮。第4段最后一句提到“從這種角度來看，在這個(gè)背景下，增長對(duì)地球上不幸的人的福祉（thewell-beingofthewretchedoftheearth）的危害（moredetrimental）大于好處”，“這個(gè)角度或背景”指的是第3段的內(nèi)容，其中有一點(diǎn)提到“如果這意味著為了外國投資者和少數(shù)當(dāng)?shù)睾献髡叩睦娑鴦儕Z他們土地上的礦產(chǎn)和樹木資源（strippingoftheirlandofitsmineralandarborealtreasures）”由此可知，作者認(rèn)為，為外國投資者和少數(shù)人利益而大量開采自然資源的發(fā)展是不利于增進(jìn)人民福祉的。綜上所述，作者應(yīng)該會(huì)贊同D選項(xiàng)“自然資源的減少不利于人類的福祉”的觀點(diǎn)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“國民生產(chǎn)總值是衡量經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的可靠指標(biāo)”，可定位到原文第1段第2句，該句提到“國民生產(chǎn)總值據(jù)說（supposedly）是衡量經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的一個(gè)指標(biāo)”，根據(jù)其中“supposedly”提示，作者并不肯定這個(gè)指標(biāo)可靠，該選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤，屬于過度推理；

B選項(xiàng)“人口增長將是經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮的主要威脅”，可定位到原文第1段第3句，該句提到“對(duì)日益減少的自然資源（dwindlingnaturalresources）施加越來越大的壓力，必然會(huì)不可避免地導(dǎo)致繁榮的衰落（leadtoadeclineinprosperity），特別是再加上人口增長的話（accompaniedbyagrowthinpopulation）?！庇纱丝芍?，該句提到經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮的兩個(gè)威脅：日益減少的自然資源和人口增長，其中前者的影響更大，人口增長并不是主要威脅。該選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤，屬于本末倒置；

C選項(xiàng)“繁榮的衰落將不可避免地導(dǎo)致人口的增長”，同樣可定位到原文第1段第3句，由該句可知，“人口增長”是因，“繁榮衰落”是果，該選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤，顛倒了因果。

12.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

ItisimpliedinParagraphs2and3that____.第2、3段暗示____。

A.thesmoothfunctioningoftheeconomicsystemisdependentonsustainedprosperity

A.經(jīng)濟(jì)體系的平穩(wěn)運(yùn)行依賴于持續(xù)的繁榮

B.economicgrowthhasnotcontributedtothepovertyoftheThirdWorldcountriesB.經(jīng)濟(jì)增長并沒有加劇第三世界國家的貧困

C.growthinrichercountriesisachievedattheexpenseoftheThirdWorldcountriesC.富裕國家的增長是以犧牲第三世界國家為代價(jià)的

D.thestagesofeconomicgrowthcannotbesupersededormodifiedbysocialmechanismsD.經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的各個(gè)階段不能被社會(huì)機(jī)制所取代或改變

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】本題需要掌握原文第2、3段的主旨大意。原文在第2段首句提出一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)“增長（growth）對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)體系的平穩(wěn)運(yùn)行是必要的（isnecessary）”，然后舉第三世界國家的例子，在第2、3段提出了很多質(zhì)疑。在第2段提出“會(huì)不會(huì)是經(jīng)濟(jì)增長，尤其是富裕國家的增長（thegrowthofthewealthiercountries），導(dǎo)致了（hascontributed）第三世界國家的貧困，而不是進(jìn)步（theimpoverishment,nottheadvancement,ofThirdWorldcountries）？”第3段首句說“要弄清楚這是怎么回事（Toseehowthismightbethecase），我們必須著眼于這種增長對(duì)第三世界國家的影響”，緊接著詳細(xì)介紹了這些影響：機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品供出口，而不是供當(dāng)?shù)叵M(fèi)（notforlocalconsumptionbutforexport）；為了外國資本的利益（thebenefitofforeigninvestors）剝削礦產(chǎn)和森林資源；沉重的外債（acrushingforeignindebtedness）等。綜上所述，這兩段表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)是，在第三世界國家，有些經(jīng)濟(jì)增長完全是為了外國資本即富裕國家的利益，促進(jìn)了富裕國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，不僅沒有增加本國人民的福祉，反而導(dǎo)致了勞動(dòng)力資源的占用、自然資源的流失以及大量的外債。C選項(xiàng)“富裕國家的增長是以犧牲第三世界國家為代價(jià)的”表述正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)體系的平穩(wěn)運(yùn)行依賴于持續(xù)的繁榮”，是第2段首句提出的背景信息，是作者要反駁的觀點(diǎn)，該選項(xiàng)屬于本末倒置；

B選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)增長并沒有加劇第三世界國家的貧困”，與原文表述相反，該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的各個(gè)階段不能被社會(huì)機(jī)制所取代或改變”，這兩段并沒有提及社會(huì)機(jī)制的問題，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

13.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

WithregardtotheeconomicdevelopmentinThirdWorldcountriestheauthorisactuallysayingthat____.關(guān)于第三世界國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，作者實(shí)際上說的是____。

A.thepeopleinthesecountrieshavenotactuallybenefitedfromitA.這些國家的人民并沒有真正從中受益

B.inadequateinvestmenthasseriouslyaffectedthedevelopmentB.投資不足嚴(yán)重影響了發(fā)展

C.deepdebtvirtuallymakesfurthergrowthinthesecountriesimpossibleC.沉重的債務(wù)實(shí)際上使這些國家不可能進(jìn)一步增長

D.agricultureinthesecountriesshouldhavebeenleftintactD.這些國家的農(nóng)業(yè)本應(yīng)完好無損

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】由第12題的解析可知，第三世界國家的發(fā)展實(shí)際上服務(wù)于外國投資商，而本國人民并未從中受益；并且第4段最后一句說到“這種增長對(duì)地球上不幸的人的福祉（thewell-beingofthewretchedoftheearth）的危害（moredetrimental）大于好處”，由此可知，這種增加，對(duì)于第三世界的人民來說，不僅沒有受益反而有危害，A選項(xiàng)“這些國家的人民并沒有真正從中受益”是作者想表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“投資不足嚴(yán)重影響了發(fā)展”，原文并沒有提到投資不足，而是這些投資都是為了外國投資者和少數(shù)人的利益，并不是為了大眾的福祉，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“沉重的債務(wù)實(shí)際上使這些國家不可能進(jìn)一步增長”，原文雖然提到了沉重的債務(wù)，且這些借來的錢沒有用于國家的發(fā)展，但是作者是為了說明這種發(fā)展對(duì)第三世界國家沒有好處，并不是想說阻礙了發(fā)展。何況，經(jīng)濟(jì)并沒有發(fā)展，更不存在進(jìn)一步發(fā)展了。該選項(xiàng)屬于過度推理；

D選項(xiàng)“這些國家的農(nóng)業(yè)本應(yīng)完好無損”，原文提到農(nóng)業(yè)，是為了說農(nóng)產(chǎn)品都用于出口了，并沒有說農(nóng)業(yè)不該機(jī)械化，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

14.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Theauthorseemstobelievethatprosperity____.作者似乎認(rèn)為繁榮____。

A.canonlybeachievedwitheconomicgrowthA.只有經(jīng)濟(jì)增長才能實(shí)現(xiàn)

B.canbeachievedwithouteconomicgrowthB.能在沒有經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的情況下實(shí)現(xiàn)

C.isatributetoman’sabilityandcreativityC.是對(duì)人類能力和創(chuàng)造力的頌揚(yáng)

D.isfragileinfaceofenvironmentalcatastrophesD.在環(huán)境災(zāi)難面前是脆弱的

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】本文在第1段就質(zhì)疑了繁榮與增長之間的關(guān)系，第一段最后一句提到“哪個(gè)是正確的（whichiscorrect）：增長意味著繁榮，沒有增長就意味著逆境，或者增長意味著逆境，沒有增長就意味著……什么？”由此可以推斷，作者不認(rèn)為繁榮與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長之間存在著必然的聯(lián)系。由第12題解析可知，作者在2-3段論述了“第三世界國家經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長就沒有給本國帶來繁榮”；第4段首句提到“這是一種過于簡單化的說法（anoversimplification），沒有一個(gè)國家是完全適用的，有的國家甚至完全不適用”，即“增長意味著繁榮”并不適用于所有國家；第5段首句提出疑問“我們需要增長來實(shí)現(xiàn)繁榮嗎（doweneedgrowthforprosperity）？”而作者的回答是“只有采用零增長才能提供答案（Onlytheadoptionofzerogrowthcanprovidetheanswer）”。作者雖然沒有直接回答這個(gè)問題，但他給出的建議是試一試“零增長”，再結(jié)合作者前文中認(rèn)為增長并不意味著繁榮推斷，作者認(rèn)為繁榮在沒有經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的情況下也有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)。B選項(xiàng)“能在沒有經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的情況下實(shí)現(xiàn)”表述正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“只有經(jīng)濟(jì)增長才能實(shí)現(xiàn)”，表述錯(cuò)誤，作者認(rèn)為經(jīng)濟(jì)增長不一定能帶來繁榮；

C選項(xiàng)“是對(duì)人類能力和創(chuàng)造力的頌揚(yáng)”，可定位到原文最后一段第2句，該句提到“現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)是令人難以置信的復(fù)雜現(xiàn)象，這是對(duì)人類組織能力的贊揚(yáng)?！痹闹傅氖恰敖?jīng)濟(jì)的復(fù)雜性是對(duì)人類能力的贊揚(yáng)”，而非繁榮，該選項(xiàng)屬于張冠李戴；

D選項(xiàng)“在環(huán)境災(zāi)難面前是脆弱的”，可定位到原文最后一段最后一句，該句提到了“不采取行動(dòng)的話（thefailuretoactcouldmean），現(xiàn)在的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展模式可能會(huì)帶來威脅人類生存的環(huán)境災(zāi)難（environmentalcatastropheswhichthreatenourveryexistence）”，并不是說“繁榮在環(huán)境災(zāi)難面前是脆弱的”，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

15.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Theansweroftheauthortothequestion“Doweneedgrowthforprosperity”is____.對(duì)于“我們需要增長才能實(shí)現(xiàn)繁榮嗎？”這個(gè)問題，作者的答案是____。

A.positiveA.肯定的

B.negativeB.否定的

C.vagueC.模糊的

D.inconclusiveD.不確定的

【考查點(diǎn)】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。

【解題思路】由第14題解析可得，作者認(rèn)為實(shí)現(xiàn)繁榮不需要經(jīng)濟(jì)增長，即作者對(duì)“我們需要增長才能實(shí)現(xiàn)繁榮嗎？”的答案是B選項(xiàng)negative“否定的”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)不符合作者的觀點(diǎn)。（C、D兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)意義一致，可以先排除。）

3.單選題

ValetaYoung,81,aretireefromLodi,Calif.,suffersfromcongestiveheartfailureandrequiresalmostconstantmonitoring.Butshedoesn’thavetodriveanywheretogetit.Twiceadayshestepsontoaspecialelectronicscale.Answersafewyesornoquestionsviapushbuttonsonasmallattachedmonitorandpressesabuttonthatsendstheinformationtoanurse’sstationinSanAntonio,Texas.“It’salmostadirectlinktomydoctor,”saysYoung,whodescribesherselfascomputerilliteratebutsaysshehasnoproblemsusingtheequipment.

Youngisnottheonlypatientwhoisdealingwithherdoctorfromadistance.Remotemonitoringisarapidlygrowingfieldinmedicaltechnology,withmorethan25firmscompetingtomeasureremotely—andtransmitbyphone,Internetorthroughtheairwaves—everythingfrompatients’heartratestohowoftentheycough.

Promptedbothbytheriseinhealth-carecostsandtheincreasingcomputerizationofhealth-careequipment,doctorsareusingremotemonitoringtotrackawideningvarietyofchronicdiseases.InMarch,St.FrancisUniversityinPittsburgh,Pa.,partneredwithacompanycalledBodyMediaonastudyinwhichruraldiabetespatientsusewirelessglucosemetersandarmbandsensorstomonitortheirdisease.Andlastfall,Yahoobeganofferingsubscriberstheabilitytocharttheirasthmaconditionsonline.UsingaPDA-sizerespiratorymonitorthatmeasureslungfunctionsinrealtimeande-mailsthedatedirectlytodoctors.

Suchhomemonitoring,saysDr.GeorgeDailey,aphysicianattheScrippsClinicinSanDiego,“couldsomedayreplacelessproductivewaysthatpatientstrack,changesintheirheartrte.Bloodsugar,lipidlevels,kidneyfunctionsandevenvision.”

Dr.TimothyMoore,executivevicepresidentofAlereMedical,whichproducedthesmartscalesthatYoungandmorethan10,000otherpatientsareusing,saysthatalmostanyvitalsigncould,intheory,bemonitoredfromhome.But,hewarns,thatmightnotalwaysmakegoodmedicalsense.Headvisesagainstperformingelectrocardiogramsremotely,forexample,andalthoughheacknowledgesthatremotemonitoringofblood-sugarlevelsanddiabeticulcersontheskinmayhaverealvalue,hepointsoutthattherearenotrulyindependentstudiesthatestablishthevalueofhometestingfordiabetesorasthma.

Suchstudiesareneededbecausethetechnologyisstillinitsinfancyandmedicalexpertsaredividedaboutitsvalue.Butononethingtheyallagree:youshouldneverrelyonanyremotetestingsystemwithoutclearingitwithyourdoctor.

66.HowdoesYoungmonitorherhealthconditions?

67.WhichofthefollowingisNOTusedinremotemonitoring?

68.Theword“prompted”mostprobablymeans____.

69.WhyisDr.TimothyMooreagainstperformingelectrocardiogramsremotely?

70.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothetext?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Byestablishingadirectlinktoherdoctor.

B.Byansweringafewyesornoquestions.

C.Bysteppingonanelectronicscale.

D.Byusingremotemonitoringservice.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theairwaves

B.telephone

C.Internet

D.car

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.made

B.reminded

C.aroused

D.driven

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Becauseitsvaluehasnotbeenprovedbyscientificstudy.

B.Becauseitisalessproductivewayofmonitoring.

C.Becauseitdoesn’tmakegoodmedicalsense.

D.Becauseitisnotallowedbydoctors.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Computerilliterateisadvisednottouseremotemonitoring.

B.Thedevelopmentofremotemonitoringmarketisrathersluggish.

C.Remotemonitoringismainlyusedtotrackchronicdiseases.

D.Medicalexpertsagreeonthevalueofremotemonitoring.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】66.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干“Young是如何監(jiān)測自己的健康狀況的？”A選項(xiàng)“通過和她的醫(yī)生建立直接聯(lián)系”，可定位到第1段最后一句…It’salmostadirectlinktomydoctor…（……這幾乎和我的醫(yī)生有直接聯(lián)系……）；B選項(xiàng)“通過回答幾個(gè)是或不是的問題”,可定位到第1段第4句Answersafewyesornoquestionsviapushbuttons…（通過按鍵回答一些是或不是的問題……）；C選項(xiàng)“通過踩在電子秤上”,可定位到第1段第3句Twiceadayshestepsontoaspecialelectronicscale.（她每天兩次踏上一個(gè)特殊的電子秤。）；D選項(xiàng)“通過使用遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控服務(wù)”，可定位到第2段第1、2句Youngisnottheonlypatientwhoisdealingwithherdoctorfromadistance.Remotemonitoringisarapidlygrowingfieldinmedicaltechnology…（Young并不是唯一一個(gè)遠(yuǎn)離醫(yī)生的病人。遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控是醫(yī)療技術(shù)中迅速發(fā)展的一個(gè)領(lǐng)域。）綜上可以看出，Young是通過D選項(xiàng)“遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控服務(wù)”來監(jiān)測自己的健康狀況的，A、B、C選項(xiàng)均為遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控的具體措施。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為D。

67.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干“以下哪一項(xiàng)在遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控中不使用”，可定位到第2段最后一句Remotemonitoring…—andtransmitbyphone,Internetorthroughtheairwaves…（遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控……通過電話、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)或電視廣播傳輸……）由此可知，A選項(xiàng)“電視廣播”、B選項(xiàng)“電話”、C選項(xiàng)“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)”都用到了，D選項(xiàng)“汽車”沒有用到。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為D。

68.詞義推測題。題干“prompted這個(gè)詞的意思很可能是____”，可定位到第3段第1句Promptedbothbytheriseinhealth-carecostsandtheincreasingcomputerizationofhealth-careequipment,doctorsareusingremotemonitoringtotrackawideningvarietyofchronicdiseases.（被醫(yī)療保健費(fèi)用的增加和醫(yī)療保健設(shè)備電腦化程度的提高_(dá)___，醫(yī)生們使用遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控來跟蹤越來越多種類的慢性病。）根據(jù)句意可知，“醫(yī)療保健費(fèi)用的增加和醫(yī)療保健設(shè)備電腦化程度的提高”推動(dòng)了“醫(yī)生們使用遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控來跟蹤越來越多種類的慢性病”，D選項(xiàng)“驅(qū)策”最符合句意。A選項(xiàng)“制造”、B選項(xiàng)“提醒”、C選項(xiàng)“引起”，不符合語境。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為D。

69.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干“為什么TimothyMoore醫(yī)生反對(duì)遠(yuǎn)程做心電圖”，可定位到第5段第2句But,hewarns,thatmightnotalwaysmakegoodmedicalsense.Headvisesagainstperformingelectrocardiogramsremotely,forexample…（但是，他提醒說，這在醫(yī)學(xué)上可能并不總是合理的。例如，他建議不要遠(yuǎn)程做心電圖。）由此可知，他反對(duì)遠(yuǎn)程做心電圖是因?yàn)檫@么做在醫(yī)學(xué)上不合理，C選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)檫@在醫(yī)學(xué)上說不通”表述正確。A選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗膬r(jià)值還沒有被科學(xué)研究證實(shí)”，可定位到第5段最后一句hepointsoutthattherearenotrulyindependentstudiesthatestablishthevalueofhometestingfordiabetesorasthma.（他指出，目前還沒有真正獨(dú)立的研究能夠確定糖尿病或哮喘家庭測試的價(jià)值。）由此可知，沒有被科學(xué)研究證實(shí)價(jià)值的是糖尿病或哮喘家庭測試，而非遠(yuǎn)程做心電圖，選項(xiàng)表述不正確，排除；

B選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)檫@是一種效率較低的監(jiān)控方式”、D選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)檫@是醫(yī)生不允許的”原文并未提及，排除。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為C。

70.判斷推理題。題干“根據(jù)文章，下列哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)是正確的?”A選項(xiàng)“不懂電腦的人最好不要使用遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控”，可定位到第1段最后一句…Young,whodescribesherselfascomputerilliteratebutsaysshehasnoproblemsusingtheequipment.（Young自稱是電腦盲，但說她使用這些設(shè)備沒有問題。）由此可知，不懂電腦的人也可以使用遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控，選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤，排除；B選項(xiàng)“遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控市場的發(fā)展相當(dāng)緩慢”，可定位到第2段第2句Remotemonitoringisarapidlygrowingfieldinmedicaltechnology…（遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控是醫(yī)療技術(shù)中迅速發(fā)展的一個(gè)領(lǐng)域。）選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤，排除；C選項(xiàng)“遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)測主要用于慢性病的跟蹤”，可定位到第3段第1句…doctorsareusingremotemonitoringtotrackawideningvarietyofchronicdiseases.（醫(yī)生們正在使用遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控來追蹤越來越多種類的慢性病。）由此可知，遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控主要用于慢性病，選項(xiàng)表述正確；D選項(xiàng)“醫(yī)學(xué)專家認(rèn)同遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控的價(jià)值”，可定位到最后一段第1句…medicalexpertsaredividedaboutitsvalue.（醫(yī)學(xué)專家對(duì)它的價(jià)值意見不一。）由此可知，有的專家認(rèn)同，有的專家不認(rèn)同，選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤，排除。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為C。

4.單選題

Nobodylikestakingexams;examsinyourownlanguagecanbestressfulenoughbutsomehowexamsinaforeignlanguagealwaysseemtocausemoreworryandanxiety.Well,thegoodnewsisthat,ifyou__51__somesimplesteps,takingEnglishlanguageexamscanbereallyquite__52__.Itwon’texactlybefun,butitcertainlyshouldn’tgiveyoutoomanyheadachesorsleeplessnig