2022年考研考博-考博英語-四川師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)23

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-四川師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Dr.RablenandDr.OswaldhavejustpublishedastudywhichconcludesthatNobelsciencelaureateslivesignificantlylongerthanthoseoftheircolleagueswhowerenominatedforaprize,butfailedtoreceiveone.Theyworkwithdatafrom1901to1950,andthesearchisrestrictedtomen(toavoiddifferencesinlifespanbetweenthesexes),andthosekilledprematurelyareeliminated.Thatgavethem135prizewinnersand389also-rans.

Thetheorytheyweretestingwasthatstatusitself,ratherthanthetrappingsofstatus,suchaswealth,acttoprolonglife.ThisideawasfirstdeclaredbySirMichaelMarmot,ofUniversityCollege,London.SirMichaelstudiedthehealthofBritishcivilservantsanddiscovered,contrarytohisandeveryoneelse’sexpectations,thatthoseatthetopofthehierarchy—whomthestressofthejobwasexpectedtohaveaffectedadversely—wereactuallyfarhealthierthanthesupposedlyunstressedfunctionariesatthebottomoftheheap.Subsequentresearchhasconfirmedthisresult,andsuggesteditisnothingtodowiththelargersalariesofthoseatthetop.ButDr.RablenandDr.Oswaldthoughtitwouldbeinterestingtorefinetheobservationstillfurther,bystudyingindividualswhowereall,inasense,atthetop.BycomparingpeoplegoodenoughtobeconsideredforaNobel,theycouldmeasurewhatthestatusofhavingonewasworth.

Comparingwinnersandalso-ransfromwithinthesamecountries,toavoidyetanothersourceofbias,Dr.RablenandDr.Oswaldfoundthatthewinnerslived,onaverage,twoyearslongerthanthosewhohadmerelybeennominated.Exactlywhatcausesthisincreasedlongevityisunclear.Itisnotthecash,though.Theinflationadjustedvalueoftheprizehasfluctuatedovertheyears,sothetworesearcherswereabletoseeifthepurchasingpowerofthemoneywascorrelatedwithlongevity.Itwasnot.

WiththehierarchicallyorderedindividualsstudiedbySirMichaelandhissuccessors,bothmedicalrecordsandexperimentsonanimalssuggeststresshormonesareinvolved.Itis,indeed,morestressfultobeatthebottomthanthetop,evenifbeingatthetopinvolvesmakingdecisionsonthefateofnations.TheresultDr.RablenandDr.Oswaldhavecomeupwith,though,suggestsapositiveeffectassociatedwithhighstatus,ratherthantheabsenceofanegativeeffect,sinceunsuccessfulnomineesneverknowthattheyhavebeennominated.

Asimilareffecthasbeennotedoncebefore,inadifferentfield.ResearchpublishedafewyearsagobyDonaldRedelmeierandSheldonSinghshowedthatOscarwinningactorsandactresseslive3.6yearslongerthanthosewhoarenominated,butdonotwin.However,inthatcasethefailednomineesdoknowthattheyhavefailed.And,curiously,Oscarwinningscriptwriterslive3.6yearslessthandonominees.Perhapswriters,unlikeactorsandscientists,liveinaworldofinvertedsnobbery.

1.WhathasbeendonetoavoidsourcesofbiasinDr.RablenandDr.Oswald’sstudy?

2.What’sthedifferencebetweenthetwodoctors’studyandthatofSr.Michael’s?

3.Whatisthetwodoctors’possibleexplanationfortheirfindings?

4.Accordingtothepassage,RedelmeierandSingh’sstudy______.

5.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Excludingtheabnormaldeaths.

B.Selectingmoreprizenomineesthanwinners.

C.Havingallsubjectsfromthesamecountry.

D.Assuminginflationasanirrelevantfactor.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theydemonstrateoppositefindings.

B.Theyhavedifferenttheoreticalfoundations.

C.Theyusedifferentmethodsofselectingsubjects.

D.Theyhavedifferentdegreesofinfluence.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Peopleatthetopdon’tneedtoworryaboutmoney.

B.Peoplewhosuffergreaterstresspaymoreattentiontohealth.

C.Itisinfactlessstressfultobeatthetopthanthebottom.

D.Highstatushasapositiveeffectonpeople.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.hasbeenrefinedfurtherbythetwodoctors

B.hasdisprovedtheconclusionsofthetwodoctors

C.consideredbothpositiveandnegativefactors

D.consideredthepositiveeffectsofseveralfactors

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.healthisbetterthanwealth

B.greathopesmakegreatman

C.prizesaffectpeople’slifeexpectancy

D.successincareerbringshealthbenefit

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段提到“Theyworkwithdatafrom1901to1950,andthesearchisrestrictedtomen(toavoiddifferencesinlifespanbetweenthesexes),andthosekilledprematurelyareeliminated.他們研究的數(shù)據(jù)從1901年到1950年，研究對(duì)象僅限于男性（以避免性別之間的壽命差異），英年早逝的人被排除在外?！?，由此可知A選項(xiàng)“不包括非正常死亡”說法正確。由首段尾句“Thatgavethem135prizewinnersand389also-rans.（結(jié)果有135名獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)吆?89名落選者。）”可知，B選項(xiàng)“選擇更多的獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)提名者而不是獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)摺笔潜苊馄顏碓粗蟮玫降目陀^實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)，不是避免偏差來源的手段，故排除。第三段首句提到了“Comparingwinnersandalso-ransfromwithinthesamecountries,toavoidyetanothersourceofbias,Dr.RablenandDr.Oswaldfoundthatthewinnerslived,onaverage,twoyearslongerthanthosewhohadmerelybeennominated.（為了避免另一種偏見，拉伯倫博士和奧斯瓦爾德博士比較了來自同一國家的獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)吆吐溥x者，發(fā)現(xiàn)獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)叩钠骄鶋勖饶切﹥H僅被提名的人長兩年。）”，將對(duì)比雙方限定在同一個(gè)國家內(nèi)，但不是說所有實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象都來自同一國家，故C選項(xiàng)“所有實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象都來自同一國家”錯(cuò)誤。第三段最后兩句提到“Theinflationadjustedvalueoftheprizehasfluctuatedovertheyears,sothetworesearcherswereabletoseeifthepurchasingpowerofthemoneywascorrelatedwithlongevity.（在過去數(shù)年里，通貨膨脹不斷改變獎(jiǎng)金的價(jià)值，因此兩位研究者可看出貨幣的購買力是否與長壽相關(guān)）”，這說明考慮“通貨膨脹”這一因素是得到該研究結(jié)果的必要條件，而不是避免偏差來源的措施，因此D選項(xiàng)“假設(shè)通貨膨脹是一個(gè)無關(guān)因素”錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“SirMichaelstudiedthehealthofBritishcivilservantsanddiscovered,contrarytohisandeveryoneelse’sexpectations,thatthoseatthetopofthehierarchy—whomthestressofthejobwasexpectedtohaveaffectedadversely—wereactuallyfarhealthierthanthesupposedlyunstressedfunctionariesatthebottomoftheheap.（邁克爾爵士研究了英國公務(wù)員的健康狀況，并發(fā)現(xiàn)，與他和其他人的預(yù)期相反，那些處于最高階層的人，他們的工作壓力預(yù)計(jì)會(huì)對(duì)他們產(chǎn)生不利影響，實(shí)際上，他們比那些所謂的底層無壓力的公務(wù)員健康得多。）”，由此可知爵士的研究對(duì)象既有位居高層的公務(wù)員，又有低層的公務(wù)員；而由該段倒數(shù)第二句“ButDr.RablenandDr.Oswaldthoughtitwouldbeinterestingtorefinetheobservationstillfurther,bystudyingindividualswhowereall,inasense,atthetop.（但拉伯倫博士和奧斯瓦爾德博士認(rèn)為，通過研究在某種意義上都處于頂端的個(gè)體，進(jìn)一步細(xì)化觀察結(jié)果會(huì)很有趣。）”可知，兩位博士的研究對(duì)象只涉及“同樣位居高層的人”。由此得出，C選項(xiàng)“他們使用不同的選擇研究對(duì)象的方法”為兩個(gè)研究的不同之處，為本題答案。從第二段可以得出，兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)都驗(yàn)證了較高的地位和長壽之間的關(guān)聯(lián)，所以A選項(xiàng)“他們證明了相反的結(jié)果”錯(cuò)誤；由第二段前兩句“Thetheorytheyweretestingwasthatstatusitself,ratherthanthetrappingsofstatus,suchaswealth,acttoprolonglife.ThisideawasfirstdeclaredbySirMichaelMarmot,ofUniversityCollege,London.（他們測試的理論是，地位本身，而不是地位的外表，如財(cái)富，對(duì)延年益壽有作用。這個(gè)想法是由倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院的MichaelMarmot爵士首先提出的。）”可知，兩位博士要驗(yàn)證的理論最初是由麥克爵士提出的，可見兩者的理論基礎(chǔ)相同，排除B選項(xiàng)“他們有不同的理論基礎(chǔ)”；D選項(xiàng)“他們有不同程度的影響”文章沒有提到，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文中第四段對(duì)兩位博士的研究結(jié)果作了分析。其中，該段尾句談到“TheresultDr.RablenandDr.Oswaldhavecomeupwith,though,suggestsapositiveeffectassociatedwithhighstatus,ratherthantheabsenceofanegativeeffect,sinceunsuccessfulnomineesneverknowthattheyhavebeennominated.（不過，拉伯倫博士和奧斯瓦爾德博士得出的結(jié)果表明，地位高會(huì)帶來積極影響，而不是沒有負(fù)面影響，因?yàn)槭〉谋惶崦哂肋h(yuǎn)不知道自己已經(jīng)被提名。）”，兩位博士的結(jié)論表明了高等地位會(huì)產(chǎn)生積極影響。因此，D選項(xiàng)“高地位對(duì)人有積極的影響”符合題意。第三段“Exactlywhatcausesthisincreasedlongevityisunclear.Itisnotthecash,though.（導(dǎo)致壽命延長的確切原因尚不清楚。不過，這不是錢的問題。）”明確指出兩位博士研究發(fā)現(xiàn)長壽與錢無關(guān)，所以A選項(xiàng)“在上層的人不需要擔(dān)心錢的問題”錯(cuò)誤；B選項(xiàng)“承受較大壓力的人更注意健康”文章沒有提到；從第四段第二句“Itis,indeed,morestressfultobeatthebottomthanthetop（事實(shí)上，處于社會(huì)底層比處于社會(huì)頂層壓力更大）”可知，C選項(xiàng)“事實(shí)上，處于高層的壓力要比處于底層的壓力小”是對(duì)麥克爵士的研究結(jié)果的解釋，故也應(yīng)排除。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章最后一段“ResearchpublishedafewyearsagobyDonaldRedelmeierandSheldonSinghshowedthatOscarwinningactorsandactresseslive3.6yearslongerthanthosewhoarenominated,butdonotwin.（唐納德?雷德梅爾和謝爾頓?辛格幾年前發(fā)表的研究表明，獲得奧斯卡獎(jiǎng)的男女演員比那些被提名但沒有獲獎(jiǎng)的人多活3.6年。）”，接著，倒數(shù)第二句又說“And,curiously,Oscarwinningscriptwriterslive3.6yearslessthandonominees.（奇怪的是，獲得奧斯卡獎(jiǎng)的編劇比被提名的少活3.6年）”，歸納起來，該研究既考慮了奧斯卡獎(jiǎng)的積極效應(yīng)也考慮了其消極影響，所以C選項(xiàng)“考慮了積極和消極的因素”正確。A選項(xiàng)“被兩位博士進(jìn)一步提煉”；B選項(xiàng)“否定了兩位博士的結(jié)論”；D選項(xiàng)“考慮幾個(gè)因素的積極影響”都不符合題意，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.判斷推理題。本文主要圍繞兩位博士有關(guān)“諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)得主比其他僅獲得提名者更長壽”展開，分析了獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)唛L壽的原因。在排除了壓力和財(cái)富因素后，第四段結(jié)尾指出長壽的原因就是地位高帶來的積極作用。從文中多個(gè)研究的對(duì)象（諾貝爾科學(xué)獎(jiǎng)獲得者、高級(jí)公務(wù)員、奧斯卡獎(jiǎng)獲得者）可知，這里的“地位高”指“事業(yè)的成功”。因此，D選項(xiàng)“事業(yè)上的成功會(huì)給健康帶來好處”的歸納符合原文。A選項(xiàng)“健康勝過財(cái)富”；B選項(xiàng)“偉大的理想造就偉大的人”；C選項(xiàng)“獎(jiǎng)品影響人們的預(yù)期壽命”都不符合原文意思，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Fallingintoanervous,feverishdozesoonhereafter,hefoundhimselfdreamingofa______blackdogthatwastryingtobitehim.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.profound

B.merciful

C.prospective

D.savage

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)profound“深厚的；意義深遠(yuǎn)的；淵博的”；B選項(xiàng)merciful“仁慈的；慈悲的；寬容的”；C選項(xiàng)prospective“未來的；預(yù)期的”；D選項(xiàng)savage“野蠻的；殘酷的；狂怒的；荒涼的”。句意：此后不久，他陷入緊張、發(fā)燒的睡夢中，夢見一只野蠻的黑狗正試圖咬他。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Thisarticledealswiththenatural______whichismostinterestingtoeveryone.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.phenomenon

B.phenomena

C.phenomenons

D.phenomenas

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)phenomenon“現(xiàn)象；奇跡；杰出的人才”；B選項(xiàng)phenomena為phenomenon的復(fù)數(shù)形式，C選項(xiàng)phenomenons這種復(fù)數(shù)形式基本和“現(xiàn)象”無關(guān)，只用于特殊的人（事物）；非凡的人；特別的事情（或事實(shí)）；D選項(xiàng)phenomenas這種復(fù)數(shù)形式不存在。句意：這篇文章論述了大家最感興趣的自然現(xiàn)象。which后面的謂語動(dòng)詞是單數(shù)形式“is”，所以空格處也應(yīng)填單數(shù)形式，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Itwasthetrainingthathehadasayoungman______madehimsuchagoodengineer.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.what

B.which

C.that

D.who

【答案】C

【解析】考查賓語從句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。該句的第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句，做hehad的賓語，因此空格處應(yīng)填that從而構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。陳述句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型為Itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分（通常是主語、賓語或狀語）+that/who（當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語且主語指人）+其他部分。該句強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是物，因此用that。句意：正是他年輕時(shí)所受的訓(xùn)練使他成為如此優(yōu)秀的工程師。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Ifyouarelookingforaqualityeducationatareasonableprice,thenconsiderStateUniversityastheplaceto______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sit

B.enroll

C.encounter

D.situate

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)sit“坐；位于；使就座”；B選項(xiàng)enroll“登記；使加入；把……記入名冊；使入伍；參加；注冊；記入名冊”；C選項(xiàng)encounter“遭遇；邂逅；遇到”；D選項(xiàng)situate“使位于；使處于；把……放在（特殊的環(huán)境中），把……跟（具體情境）聯(lián)系”。句意：如果你想以合理的價(jià)格獲得高質(zhì)量的教育，那就考慮把州立大學(xué)作為注冊入學(xué)的地方。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Thismovieisnot______forchildrentosee:itcontainstoomuchviolenceandtoomanylovescenes.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.profound

B.valid

C.decent

D.upright

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)profound“深厚的；意義深遠(yuǎn)的；淵博的”；B選項(xiàng)valid“有效的；有根據(jù)的；合法的；正當(dāng)?shù)摹?；C選項(xiàng)decent“正派的；得體的；相當(dāng)好的”；D選項(xiàng)upright“正直的，誠實(shí)的；垂直的，直立的；筆直的”。句意：這部電影不適合孩子們看：它包含太多的暴力和愛情場景。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Ifyouwanttogetintothattunnel,youfirsthaveto______awayalltherocks.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.haul

B.transfer

C.repel

D.dispose

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)haul“（用力）拖，拉；費(fèi)力前進(jìn)；強(qiáng)迫（某人）接受申斥；（用卡車）運(yùn)；（帆船）突然改變航道”；B選項(xiàng)transfer“轉(zhuǎn)讓；轉(zhuǎn)接；移交；轉(zhuǎn)移（地方）；（使）換乘；轉(zhuǎn)存，轉(zhuǎn)錄；調(diào)動(dòng)（工作）；傳染，傳播；使（運(yùn)動(dòng)員）轉(zhuǎn)隊(duì)；把（錢）轉(zhuǎn)到另一賬戶，機(jī)構(gòu)上”；C選項(xiàng)repel“擊退；抵制；使厭惡；使不愉快”；D選項(xiàng)dispose“處理；安排；決定；擊??；殺死”。haulaway“搬運(yùn)開；拖走；駛開；拽開”句意：如果你想進(jìn)入隧道，你首先得把所有的巖石都拖走。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Ifyouwanttoclarifythefact,youneedtwowitnessesto______thatthisisyoursignature.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.notify

B.certify

C.assure

D.assume

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)notify“通告，通知；公布”；B選項(xiàng)certify“證明；保證”；C選項(xiàng)assure“向……保證；使確定；保證；使相信”；D選項(xiàng)assume“設(shè)想；假定”。certify和assure都是及物動(dòng)詞，但certify后一般接從句，assure后一般接人稱代詞，意為“向……保證”。句意：如果你想澄清事實(shí)，你需要兩個(gè)證人來證明這是你的簽名。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Thedoctoristryingtosavethepatientbyevery______means.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.imaginative

B.imaginary

C.imaginable

D.imagination

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)imaginative“富于想象的；有創(chuàng)造力的”；B選項(xiàng)imaginary“虛構(gòu)的，假想的；想象的；虛數(shù)的”；C選項(xiàng)imaginable“可能的；可想象的”；D選項(xiàng)imagination“（n.）想象力；空想；幻想物”。句意：醫(yī)生正在想盡一切辦法挽救病人。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Cookedvegetablesarealsovaluablesourcesofcertainvitaminsandminerals,ifthejuiceiseatenandifnotcooked______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.toolongatime

B.alongtimetoo

C.muchtimelong

D.longmuchtime

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。根據(jù)句義，選項(xiàng)中的time指“一段時(shí)間”，是個(gè)可數(shù)名詞，前面應(yīng)當(dāng)用不定冠詞a，故排除掉C選項(xiàng)和D選項(xiàng)。副詞too修飾形容詞的時(shí)候，意思是“太……”；放在句子最后修飾整個(gè)句子時(shí)，表示“也……”。句意：如果汁液能被吃掉并且沒有煮太長時(shí)間的話，煮熟的蔬菜也是某些維生素和礦物質(zhì)的寶貴來源。所以，A選項(xiàng)和B選項(xiàng)相比，A選項(xiàng)“一段太長的時(shí)間”更符合句意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Depressed,overworkedand______bythosepeoplewhomheowedmoneyto,hedecidedtoputanendtohisproblems.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.bewitched

B.bewildered

C.besmirched

D.beset

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)bewitched“（使）鬼迷心竅；（使）著迷，陶醉”；B選項(xiàng)bewildered“使迷惑，使不知所措”；C選項(xiàng)besmirched“弄臟；誹謗，玷污”；D選項(xiàng)beset“困擾；鑲嵌；圍繞”。句意：他情緒低落，工作過度，被那些欠他錢的人所困擾，他決定做個(gè)了結(jié)。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Sometaxonomists,particularlythoseworkinginherbariaandprovidinganidentificationservice,doneedsuch_______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.approach

B.confidence

C.faith

D.expertise

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)approach“方法，方式；接近；接洽”；B選項(xiàng)confidence“信心；信任；秘密”；C選項(xiàng)faith“信仰；信念；信任；忠實(shí)”；D選項(xiàng)expertise“專門知識(shí)；專門技術(shù)；專家的意見”。句意：一些分類學(xué)家，特別是那些在標(biāo)本室工作并提供鑒定服務(wù)的分類學(xué)家，確實(shí)需要這樣的專業(yè)知識(shí)。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

WecanrelyonWilliamtocarryoutthismission,forhisjudgmentisalways______enough.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inexplicable

B.healthy

C.sound

D.straight

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)inexplicable“費(fèi)解的；無法說明的；不能解釋的”；B選項(xiàng)healthy“健康的，健全的；有益于健康的”；C選項(xiàng)sound“合理的；無損的；有能力的；充足的；徹底的；熟睡的；資金充實(shí)的；嚴(yán)厲的；健全的”；D選項(xiàng)straight“直的；連續(xù)的；筆直的；正直的；整齊的；異性戀的”。句意：我們可以靠威廉去完成這個(gè)任務(wù)，因?yàn)樗臎Q策總是合理的。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Thereisanoldsayingthatyoucannever______unlessyougiveyourconsent.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.beinsulted

B.insult

C.insulting

D.toinsult

【答案】A

【解析】考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)。該句同位語從句中的主語“you”是動(dòng)作“insult”的承受者，因此應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，又謂語動(dòng)詞是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，被動(dòng)形式應(yīng)為“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+bedone”。句意：有句老話說，除非你同意，否則你永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)被侮辱。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

______formanyyears,thenovelistsuddenlybecamefamous.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Havingignoredhim

B.Tobeignored

C.Havingbeenignored

D.Tohavebeenignored

【答案】C

【解析】考查分詞作狀語。題中的ignored和thenovelist是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，而不是主謂關(guān)系，即“被忽視”，故可排除表主動(dòng)意義的A選項(xiàng)Havingignoredhim；B選項(xiàng)Tobeignored是不定式的被動(dòng)式，表示將來意義，與句意不符；C選項(xiàng)Havingbeenignored現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動(dòng)式表示動(dòng)作的完成，與主語的關(guān)系是邏輯上的被動(dòng)；D選項(xiàng)tohavebeendone不能放句首。句意：被忽視了許多年后，這位小說家突然出名了。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Hepromisedmealetter;heoughtto______itdaysago.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.havewritten

B.write

C.hadwritten

D.bewriting

【答案】A

【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。oughtto或should加不定式原形在時(shí)間上相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在時(shí)；oughtto或should加不定式的完成時(shí)在時(shí)間上相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。在本句中，時(shí)間狀語daysago已經(jīng)決定了句中的謂語動(dòng)詞一定是過去時(shí)，即oughttohavedonesomething，句意：他答應(yīng)給我寫封信；他幾天前就該寫了。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Theeliminationofinflationwouldensurethattheamountofmoneyusedinrepayingaloanwouldhave______astheamountofmoneyborrowed.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.asthesamevalue

B.thesamevalue

C.valueasthesame

D.thevalueisthesame

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。句子中的空格部分做賓語從句中的賓語成分，故可排除D選項(xiàng)；“與……相同”可用“as…as”和“thesameas”，無“asthesameas”這種表達(dá)；二者的區(qū)別為：as+adj/adv.+as；thesame(+n.)as，故可排除A選項(xiàng)和C選項(xiàng)，根據(jù)句意：消除通貨膨脹應(yīng)確保還貸的錢應(yīng)與所貸款的價(jià)值相同?？芍狟選項(xiàng)正確。

18.翻譯題

residentialarea,leavesofblackbarrier,plaque,arch

二大門

二大門建于1909年，是清華大學(xué)的老校門。1933年，校園擴(kuò)大，西區(qū)住宅區(qū)延伸，（同時(shí)）新校門修建（即現(xiàn)在的西校門）。梁實(shí)秋在清華大學(xué)讀書的時(shí)候，這樣描述它的老校門：清華大學(xué)的老校門由灰磚砌成，復(fù)以白漆，籠罩在淡淡的乳白色中，與總是半開著的兩扇黑色棚欄相映襯。

在拱形大門的橫匾上刻著三個(gè)醒目的中國字“清華園”，為清朝末期一個(gè)叫作那同的達(dá)官所書寫。大門在文化革命初期被損毀，直到1991年才重新修復(fù)。

【答案】TheSecondGate,builtin1909,istheoldgateofTsinghuaUniversity.In1933,thecampuswasexpanded,theWestSideresidentialareawasextended,andthenewschoolgate(nowtheWestGate)wasbuilt.

WhenLiangShiqiuwasastudentatTsinghuaUniversity,hedescribeditsoldgatethisway:TheoldgateofTsinghuaUniversitywasbuiltofgreybrick,cladinwhitepaint,andenvelopedinapalemilkywhite,setoffbytwoleavesofblackbarrierthatwerealwayshalfopen.

OnthehorizontalplaqueofthearchedgatearethreestrikingChinesecharacters“QingHuaYuan”,writtenbyanofficialnamedNatonginthelateQingDynasty.ThegatewasdamagedatthebeginningoftheCulturalRevolutionandwasnotrestoreduntil1991.

19.單選題

Much______IlikedMary,Ihatedthesuperiortonethatshesometimestookwithme.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.while

B.as

C.since

D.for

【答案】B

【解析】考查讓步狀語從句。句意：我雖然很喜歡安東妮亞，但也很討厭有時(shí)她對(duì)我的傲慢態(tài)度。由此可知空格處應(yīng)填表讓步的詞，排除C選項(xiàng)和D選項(xiàng)。A選項(xiàng)while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)，while相當(dāng)于though／although，則該句語序應(yīng)為：WhileIlikeMaryverymuch...，不符合題意，故排除A選項(xiàng)。B選項(xiàng)as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，句子要求用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，此時(shí)的as相當(dāng)于though，但比though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句語意更強(qiáng)烈，表現(xiàn)力更強(qiáng)。句子結(jié)構(gòu)為：副詞或動(dòng)詞原形＋as＋主語……，＋主句。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

20.單選題

Incitieswithrentcontrol,thecitygovernmentsetsthemaximumrentthatalandlordcanchargeforanapartment.Supportersofrentcontrolarguethatitprotectspeoplewhoarelivinginapartments.Theirrentcannotincrease;therefore,theyarenotindangeroflosingtheirhomes.However,thecriticssaythatafteralongtime,rentcontrolmayhavenegativeeffects.Landlordsknowthattheycannotincreasetheirprofits.Therefore,theyinvestinotherbusinesseswheretheycanincreasetheirprofits.Theydonotinvestinnewbuildingswhichwouldalsoberent-controlled.Asaresult,newapartmentsarenotbuilt.Manypeoplewhoneedapartmentscannotfindany.Accordingtothecritics,theendresultofrentcontrolisashortageofapartmentsinthecity.

Sometheoristsarguethattheminimumwagelawcancauseproblemsinthesameway.Thefederalgovernmentsetstheminimumthatanemployermustpayworkers.Theminimumhelpspeoplewhogenerallylookforunskilled,low-payingjobs.However,iftheminimumishigh,employersmayhirefewerworkers.Theywillreplaceworkerswithmachinery.Theprice,whichisthewagethatemployersmustpay,increases.Therefore,otherthingsbeingequal,thenumberofworkersthatemployerswantdecreases.Thus,criticsclaim,anincreaseintheminimumwagemaycauseunemployment.Somepoorpeoplemayfindthemselveswithoutjobsinsteadofwithjobsattheminimumwage.

Supportersoftheminimumwagesaythatithelpspeoplekeeptheirdignity.Becauseofthelaw,workerscannotselltheirservicesforlessthantheminimum.Furthermore,employerscannotforceworkerstoacceptjobsatunfairwages.

Economictheorypredictstheresultsofeconomicdecisionssuchasdecisionsaboutfarmproduction,rentcontrol,andtheminimumwage.Thepredictionsmaybecorrectonlyif“otherthingsareequal”.

Economistsdonotagreeonsomeofthepredictions.Theyalsodonotagreeonthevalueofdifferentdecisions.Someeconomistssupportaparticulardecisionwhileotherscriticizeit.Economistsdoagree,however,thattherearenosimpleanswerstoeconomicquestions.

1.Thereisthepossibilitythatsettingmaximumrentmay______.

2.Accordingtothecritics,rentcontrol______.

3.Theproblemofunemploymentwillarise,______.

4.Thepassagetellsus______.

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.causeashortageofapartments

B.worrythosewhorentapartmentsashomes

C.increasetheprofitsoflandlords

D.encouragelandlordstoinvestinbuildingapartment

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.willalwaysbenefitthosewhorentapartments

B.isunnecessary

C.willbringnegativeeffectsinthelongrun

D.isnecessaryunderallcircumstances

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.iftheminimumwageissettoohigh

B.iftheminimumwageissettoolow

C.iftheworkersareunskilled

D.ifthemaximumwageisset

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.therelationshipbetweensupplyanddemand

B.thepossibleresultsofgovernmentcontrols

C.thenecessityofgovernmentcontrol

D.theurgencyofgettingridofgovernmentcontrols

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theresultsofeconomicdecisionscannotalwaysbepredicted.

B.Minimumwagecannotalwaysprotectemployees.

C.Economictheorycanpredicttheresultsofeconomicdecisionsifotherfactorsarenotchanging.

D.Economicdecisionsshouldnotbebasedoneconomictheory.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段“Landlordsknowthattheycannotincreasetheirprofits.Therefore,theyinvestinotherbusinesseswheretheycanincreasetheirprofits.Theydonotinvestinnewbuildingswhichwouldalsoberent-controlled.Asaresult,newapartmentsarenotbuilt.Manypeoplewhoneedapartmentscannotfindany.Accordingtothecritics,theendresultofrentcontrolisashortageofapartmentsinthecity.（房東們知道他們不能通過出租公寓來增加自己的利潤，因此他們會(huì)投資其他可以增加利潤的業(yè)務(wù)。他們不會(huì)投資新建筑，因?yàn)樾陆ㄖ矔?huì)受到租金管制。因此，新建公寓減少，許多需要公寓的人找不到公寓來租。根據(jù)評(píng)論家的說法，租金管制的最終結(jié)果是城市的公寓短缺。）”由此可知租金管制最有可能的結(jié)果就是造成城市公寓短缺，所以A選項(xiàng)“造成公寓短缺”說法正確。B選項(xiàng)“使那些租公寓當(dāng)房子的人發(fā)愁”文章雖然有提到，但其并不是租金管制的最終結(jié)果，故不選；C選項(xiàng)“增加房東的利潤”說法錯(cuò)誤，文章提到租金管制會(huì)減少房東的利潤；D選項(xiàng)“鼓勵(lì)房東投資新公寓建造”說法錯(cuò)誤，文中說到房東們并不會(huì)投資公寓，而是其他可以增加自己利潤的業(yè)務(wù)。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段“However,thecriticssaythatafteralongtime,rentcontrolmayhavenegativeeffects.（然而，批評(píng)者說，長期以來，租金控制可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響。）”由此可知C選項(xiàng)“從長遠(yuǎn)來看會(huì)帶來負(fù)面影響”說法正確。A選項(xiàng)“將永遠(yuǎn)有利于那些租房的人”；B選項(xiàng)“是不必要的”；D選項(xiàng)“在任何情況下都是必要的”都不符合文章事實(shí)，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“However,iftheminimumishigh,employersmayhirefewerworkers...Thus,criticsclaim,anincreaseintheminimumwagemaycauseunemployment.（然而，如果最低工資設(shè)置得很高，雇主可能會(huì)雇傭更少的工人……因此，批評(píng)人士聲稱，提高最低工資可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致失業(yè)。）”由此可知。如果最低工資設(shè)定得太高會(huì)導(dǎo)致失業(yè)問題的出現(xiàn)，所以A選項(xiàng)“如果最低工資設(shè)定得太高”說法正確。B選項(xiàng)“如果最低工資設(shè)定得太低”；C選項(xiàng)“如果工人不熟練”；D選項(xiàng)“如果設(shè)定了最高工資”都不符合文章事實(shí)，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.判斷推理題。文章第一段說到政府設(shè)置房東可以收取的公寓最高租金，即租金管制可能會(huì)造成城市公寓短缺；第二段說到政府設(shè)置最低工資可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致失業(yè)問題。文章倒數(shù)第二段也說到“Economictheorypredictstheresultsofeconomicdecisionssuchasdecisionsaboutfarmproduction,rentcontrol,andtheminimumwage.Thepredictionsmaybecorrectonlyif‘otherthingsareequal’.”（經(jīng)濟(jì)理論預(yù)測了經(jīng)濟(jì)決策的結(jié)果，如關(guān)于農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的決定、租金控制和最低工資。只有在“其他事情是平等的”時(shí)，預(yù)測才是正確的）。由此可知文章主要是利用經(jīng)濟(jì)理論預(yù)測了政府控制的可能結(jié)果，所以B選項(xiàng)“政府管制的可能結(jié)果”說法正確。A選項(xiàng)“供求關(guān)系”文章沒有提到；C選項(xiàng)“政府管控的必要性”說法錯(cuò)誤，文章中提到的政府管控的結(jié)果都是負(fù)面的，從而不能說明政府管控的必要性；D選項(xiàng)“擺脫政府管控的緊迫性”說法錯(cuò)誤，文章最后一段說到經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家們對(duì)評(píng)論家們的預(yù)測意見不一，且認(rèn)為經(jīng)濟(jì)問題沒有簡單的答案，所以由此可知文章并沒有建議擺脫政府的管制。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Economictheorypredictstheresultsofeconomicdecisionssuchasdecisionsaboutfarmproduction,rentcontrol,andtheminimumwage.Thepredictionsmaybecorrectonlyif‘otherthingsareequal’.”（經(jīng)濟(jì)理論預(yù)測了經(jīng)濟(jì)決策的結(jié)果，如關(guān)于農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的決定、租金控制和最低工資。只有在“其他事情是平等的”時(shí)，預(yù)測才是正確的）。可知A選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)決策的結(jié)果并不總是可以預(yù)測的”和C選項(xiàng)“如果其他因素不變，經(jīng)濟(jì)理論可以預(yù)測經(jīng)濟(jì)決策的結(jié)果”說法正確；根據(jù)文章第二段“However,iftheminimumishigh,employersmayhirefewerworkers.Theywillreplaceworkerswithmachinery.Theprice,whichisthewagethatemployersmustpay,increases.Therefore,otherthingsbeingequal,thenumberofworkersthatemployerswantdecreases.Thus,criticsclaim,anincreaseintheminimumwagemaycauseunemployment.（然而，如果最低工資是高的，雇主可能會(huì)雇傭更少的工人。他們將用機(jī)器代替工人。價(jià)格，也就是雇主必須支付的工資，上漲了。因此，在其他條件相同的情況下，雇主需要的工人數(shù)量會(huì)減少。因此，評(píng)論家聲稱，提高最低工資可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致失業(yè)。）”可知B選項(xiàng)“最低工資政策不能總是保護(hù)員工”說法正確；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的開頭“Economictheorypredictstheresultsofeconomicdecisions（經(jīng)濟(jì)理論預(yù)測了經(jīng)濟(jì)決策的結(jié)果）”可知經(jīng)濟(jì)決策應(yīng)該以經(jīng)濟(jì)理論為基礎(chǔ)，因此D選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)決策不應(yīng)以經(jīng)濟(jì)理論為基礎(chǔ)”說法錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

21.單選題

AlthoughJackandIhadnotmetforover20yearsIrecognizedhim______Isawhim.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.justas

B.eventhough

C.theminute

D.aslongas

【答案】C

【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)justas“正如；正像”；B選項(xiàng)eventhough“雖然，即使”；C選項(xiàng)theminute“一……就，當(dāng)……（即）”；D選項(xiàng)aslongas“只要；如果；既然；長達(dá)”。句意：雖然我和杰克已經(jīng)20多年沒見面了，但我一見到他就認(rèn)出他來了。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

22.單選題

Thereisageneral______thatpouringoldwineintothesamebottlesisthewrongwaytogo.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.consensus

B.census

C.censorship

D.conscience

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)consensus“一致；輿論；合意”；B選項(xiàng)census“人口普查，人口調(diào)查；（官方的）統(tǒng)計(jì)，調(diào)查”；C選項(xiàng)censorship“審查制度；審查機(jī)構(gòu)”；D選項(xiàng)conscience“道德心，良心”。句意：人們普遍認(rèn)為，把陳年的酒倒進(jìn)同一個(gè)瓶子里是錯(cuò)誤的做法。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

23.單選題

Thereisanewtypeofsmalladvertisementbecomingincreasinglycommoninnewspaperclassifiedcolumns.Itissometimesplacedamong“situationsvacant”,althoughitdoesnotofferanyoneajob,andsometimesitappearsamong“situationswanted”,althoughitisnotplacedbysomeonelookingforajob,either.Whatitdoesistoofferhelpinapplyingforajob.

“Contactusbeforewritingyourapplication”,or“Makeuseofourlongexperienceinpreparingyourcurriculumvitaeorjobhistory”,ishowitisusuallyexpressed.Thegrowthandapparentsuccessofsuchaspecializedserviceis,ofcourse,areflectiononthecurrenthighlevelsofunemployment.Itisalsoanindicationofthegrowingimportanceofthecurriculumvitae(orjobhistory),withthesuggestionthatitmaynowqualifyasanartforminitsownright.

Therewasatimewhenjobseekerssimplywrotelettersofapplication.“Justputdownyourname,address,ageandwhetheryouhavepassedanyexams”,wasabouttheaveragelevelofadviceofferedtoyoungpeopleapplyingfortheirfirstjobswhenIleftschool.Theletterwasreallyjustforopeners,itwasexplained,andeverythingelsecouldandshouldbesavedfortheinterview.Andinthosedaysoffullemploymentthetechniqueworked.Theletterprovedthatyoucouldwriteandwereavailableforwork.Youreagerfaceandintelligentrepliesdidtherest.

Later,asyoumoveduptheladder,somethingslightlymoresophisticatedwascalledfor.Theadvicethenwastoputsomethingintheletterwhichwoulddistinguishyoufromtherest.Itmightbetheaggressiveapproach.“Yoursearchisover.Iamthepersonyouarelookingfor”,wasawidelyusedtrickthatoccasionallysucceeded.Oritmightbesomespecialfeaturespeciallydesignedforthejobinterview.

Thereisnodoubt,however,thatitisincreasingnumberofapplicantswithuniversityeducationatallpointsintheprocessofengagingstaffthathasledtothegreaterimportanceofthecurriculumvitae.

1.Thenewtypeofadvertisementwhichisappearinginnewspapercolumns______.

2.Nowadaysademandforthisspecializedtypeofservicehasbeencreatedbecause______.

3.Inthepastitwasexpectedthatfirstjobhunterswould______.

4.Later,asonewentontoapplyformoreimportantjobs,onewasadvisedtoincludeintheletter______.

5.Thecurriculumvitaehasbecomesuchanimportantdocumentbecause______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.informsjobhuntersoftheopportunitiesavailable

B.promisestoofferusefuladvicetothoselookingforemployment

C.dividesavailablejobsintovarioustypes

D.informsemployersofthepeopleavailableforwork

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thereisalackofjobsavailableforartisticpeople

B.therearesomanytopleveljobsavailable

C.therearesomanypeopleoutofwork

D.thejobhistoryisconsideredtobeaworkofart

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.writeaninitiallettergivingtheirlifehistory

B.passsomeexamsbeforeapplyingforajob

C.havenoqualificationsotherthanbeingabletoreadandwrite

D.keepanydetailedinformationuntiltheyobtainedaninterview

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.somethingthatwoulddistinguishonefromotherapplicants

B.hintedinformationaboutthepersonalityoftheapplicant

C.one’sadvantagesoverothersinapplyingforthejob

D.anoccasionaltrickwiththeaggressiveapproach

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.therehasbeenanincreaseinthenumberofjobsadvertised

B.therehasbeenanincreaseinthenumberofapplicantswithdegrees

C.jobsarebecomingmuchmorecomplicatednowadays

D.theotherprocessesofapplyingforjobsaremorecomplicated

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段最后一句“Whatitdoesistoofferhelpinapplyingforajob.（它的作用是在求職時(shí)提供幫助。）”由此可知這種新型廣告主要是給那些找工作的人提供有用的信息，所以B選項(xiàng)“承諾給那些找工作的人提供有用的信息”說法正確。A選項(xiàng)“給求職者提供工作機(jī)會(huì)”；C選項(xiàng)“將現(xiàn)有的工作分為不同類型”；D選項(xiàng)“通知雇主可以工作的人”都與文章事實(shí)不符，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Thegrowthandapparentsuccessofsuchaspecializedserviceis,ofcourse,areflectiononthecurrenthighlevelsofunemployment.Itisalsoanindicationofthegrowingimportanceofthecurriculumvitae(orjobhistory),withthesuggestionthatitmaynowqualifyasanartforminitsownright.當(dāng)然，這種專門服務(wù)的增長和明顯的成功反映了目前的高失業(yè)率。這也表明了簡歷（或工作經(jīng)歷）越來越重要，因?yàn)樗旧砭涂梢苑Q得上是一種藝術(shù)形式”。由此可知對(duì)這種特殊類型的服務(wù)需求增多是因?yàn)槭I(yè)人數(shù)的原因，所以C選項(xiàng)“有很多人失業(yè)”說法正確。A選項(xiàng)“藝術(shù)工作者缺少工作機(jī)會(huì)”；B選項(xiàng)“頂級(jí)工作數(shù)量增多”與文章事實(shí)不符；D選項(xiàng)“工作經(jīng)歷被認(rèn)為是一件藝術(shù)品”文章雖然有提到，但不是這種特殊類型的服務(wù)需求增多的原因。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段“Therewasatimewhenjobseekerssimplywrotelettersofapplication.‘Justputdownyourname,address,ageandwhetheryouhavepassedanyexams’,wasabouttheaveragelevelofadviceofferedtoyoungpeopleapplyingfortheirfirstjobswhenIleftschool.Theletterwasreallyjustforopeners,itwasexplained,andeverythingelsecouldandshouldbesavedfortheinterview.”（曾經(jīng)有一段時(shí)