2022年考研考博-考博英語-東北大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號79

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-東北大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Itishardtopredictthecompany’sfutureatthis（）.

問題1選項

A.juncture

B.junction

C.jungle

D.junk

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。atthisjuncture“在此時；值此之際”。句意：在此時難以預(yù)測這家公司的未來。A選項正確。

2.單選題

Drinkingwateris（）whensewageseepsintothewatersupply.

問題1選項

A.concealed

B.consumed

C.contemplated

D.contaminated

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項conceal“隱藏；隱瞞”；B選項consume“消耗，消費”；C選項contemplate“沉思；注視”；D選項contaminate“污染，弄臟”。句意：當(dāng)污水滲入到供水系統(tǒng)后，飲用水會被污染。根據(jù)句意判斷出D選項正確。

3.單選題

Therewasmuch（）amongthecyclistsafterthedifficultride.

問題1選項

A.camaraderie

B.camradene

C.commraderie

D.comraderie

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項camaraderie“友情”；B，C和D這三項在英語中不存在。句意：在這個艱難的騎行后，這些騎車者之間產(chǎn)生了很多友情。結(jié)合句意，故A選項正確。

4.單選題

A（）surveywasconductedamonglocalfamiliestofindouttheaverageamountofexpenseontheirchildren’seducation.

問題1選項

A.questionnaire

B.representation

C.obligation

D.integration

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項questionnaire“問卷；調(diào)查表”；B選項representation“代表；表現(xiàn)；表示法；陳述”；C選項obligation“義務(wù)；職責(zé)；債務(wù)”；D選項integration“集成；綜合”。句意：為了查明孩子教育的平均費用，在當(dāng)?shù)丶彝ブ羞M行了一份問卷調(diào)查。結(jié)合句意，可知A選項正確。

5.單選題

Whatisthebestwoodtoburninthehomefireplace?Choosethekindofwoodtoburnislikechoosingabottleofwine.Eachchoiceyoucanmakehassomethingdifferenttooffer.Woodsdifferinthescenttheygiveoffandintheheattheyprovide.Thekindofwoodyouwillchoosedependsonyourownneedsandtastes.

Pine,spruce,andfiraresoftandeasytolight.Theyburnquicklywithahotflame.However,afirebuiltfromthesewoodsburnsoutquickly.Thiskindoffirerequiresalotofattention.Itneedsnewlogsaddedtokeepthefireburning.Afirebuiltfromsoftwoodsmightbeidealforyouatcertaintimes.Youmaywantaquickwarmingfirethatwillburnoutbeforeyougotobed.

Foralong-lastingfire,itisbesttouseheavierwoods.Thesewouldbeash,beech,birch,maple,andoak.Thesewoodsdon’tburnasfast.Oakgivesthemostevenandshortestflames.Italsoproducessteady,glowingcoals.Whenyouhaveseveraloaklogsburninginyourgrate,youcansettlebackforasteadyshowofflame.

Ifyouwantagood-smellingfire,usethewoodfromfruittrees.Apple,cherry,andnuttreesallproducepleasantscents.Theirsmokeusuallysmellslikethetree’sfruit.

Bymixingsoftwoodswithhardwoods,youcangetalong-lasting,easy-to-lightfire.Later,byaddingsomefruitwood,youcanproduceapleasantscentaswell.

Asarule,nomorethanfourlogsareneededtomakeagoodfire.Adjustthelogstomaintaintheflames.Pushtheendsofthelogsintheflamesfromtimetotime.Addkindlingandnewlogsasneededtorekindleadyingflame.Rakecoalstowardthefrontofthegratebeforeaddingnewlogsandputnewlogsattherear.Theretheywillreflectlightandheatintotheroom.

Letonlyaninchortwoofashcollectsatthebottomofthegrate.Anymorethanthiscanruintheandirons.Toomuchashblockstheflowofairtothefire.Someashisneededtoformthebedfortheglowingcoalsthatdropthroughthegrate.Theyhelptoholdtheheatanddirectdraftsofairuptothebaseofthefire.

1.Whatisthemainideaofthisarticle?

2.Spruceburnswitha（）.

3.Inordertogetmoreheatoutofyourfireplace,youshould（）.

問題1選項

A.Fruitwooddoesnotburnwellinthefireplace.

B.Wetwoodiseasydriedinahomefireplace.

C.Youshouldchooseyourfireplacewoodcarefully.

D.Heavierwoodscankeepalong-lastingfire.

問題2選項

A.coldflame

B.hotflame

C.shortflame

D.steadyflame

問題3選項

A.addnewlogstothebackofthefire

B.cleanyourchimneyonceayear

C.rakecoalstowardtherearofthefireplace

D.ruintheandirons

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

【解析】1.【試題解析】主旨大意題。本文主要談及壁爐選擇木材取決于需要和品味?？梢缘弥狢選項“你應(yīng)該仔細選擇你的壁爐木材”符合題意。

2.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞spruce可以定位到文章第二段中“Pine,spruce,andfiraresoftandeasytolight.Theyburnquicklywithahotflame.”，中文翻譯為：松樹、云杉和冷杉因柔軟而容易點燃。它們迅速燃燒，火焰很熱。因此B選項正確。

3.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。由題干可以定位到文章倒數(shù)二段“Asarule,nomorethanfourlogsareneededtomakeagoodfire.Adjustthelogstomaintaintheflames.Pushtheendsofthelogsintheflamesfromtimetotime.Addkindlingandnewlogsasneededtorekindleadyingflame.Rakecoalstowardthefrontofthegratebeforeaddingnewlogsandputnewlogsattherear.Theretheywillreflectlightandheatintotheroom.”，中文翻譯為：一般說來，生一堆好火不需要超過四根木頭。調(diào)整原木以保持火焰。不時地把木柴的末端推入火焰中。添加引物和新的原木，以重新點燃即將熄滅的火焰。在添加新原木之前，把煤耙到爐排前面，并把新原木放在后面。在那里，它們將把光和熱反射進房間。故A為正確選項。

6.單選題

Thelivelihoodofeachspeciesinthevastandintricateassemblageoflivingthingsdependsontheexistenceofotherorganisms.Thisinterdependenceissometimessubtle,sometimesobvious.Perhapsthemoststraightforwarddependenceofonespeciesonanotheroccurswithparasites,organismsthatliveonorinotherlivingthingsandderivenutrientsdirectlyfromthem.Theparasiticwayoflifeiswidespread.Amultitudeofmicroorganisms(includingvirusesandbacteria)andanarmyofinvertebrates—orcreatureslackingaspinalcolumn(includingcrustaceans,insects,andmanydifferenttypesofworms)—maketheirlivingsdirectlyattheexpenseofothercreatures.Inthefaceofthisonslaught,livingthingshaveevolvedavarietyofdefensemechanismsforprotectingtheirbodiesfrominvasionbyotherorganisms.

Certainfungiandevensomekindsofbacteriasecretesubstancesknownasantibioticsintotheirexternalenvironment.Thesesubstancesarecapableofkillingorinhibitingthegrowthofvariouskindsofbacteriathatalsooccupythearea,therebyeliminatingorreducingthecompetitionfornutrients.Thesameprincipleisusedindefenseagainstinvadersinothergroupsoforganisms.Forexample,whenattackedbydisease-causingfungiorbacteria,manykindsofplantsproducechemicalsthathelptowardofftheirinvaders.

Membersoftheanimalkingdomhavedevelopedavarietyofdefensemechanismsfordealingwithparasites.Althoughthesemechanismsvaryconsiderably,allmajorgroupsofanimalsarecapableofdetectingandreactingtothepresenceofforeigncells.Infact,throughtheanimalkingdom,fromspongestocertaintypesofworms,shellfish,andallvertebrates(creaturespossessingaspinalcolumn),thereisevidencethattransplantsofcellsorfragmentsoftissuesintoananimalareacceptedonlyiftheycomefromgeneticallycompatibleorcloselyrelatedindividuals.

Theabilitytodistinguishbetween“sel”and“nonself”,whilepresentinallanimals,ismostefficientamongvertebrates,whichhavedevelopedanimmunesystemastheirdefensemechanism.Theimmunesystemrecognizesandtakesactionagainstforeigninvadersandtransplantedtissuesthataretreatedasforeigncells.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Theword“intricate”inLineOneisclosestinmeaningto（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,someorganismsproduceantibioticsinorderto（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,atransplantoftissuebetweengeneticallyincompatibleorganismswillresultinthetransplantedtissue（）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,theabilitytodistinguishbetween“self”and“nonself”enablesvertebratesto（）.

問題1選項

A.Howparasitesreproduce.

B.Howorganismsreacttotheinvaders.

C.Howantibioticsworktocuredisease.

D.Howtheimmunesystemofvertebratesdeveloped.

問題2選項

A.difficult

B.widespread

C.critical

D.complex

問題3選項

A.preventdiseaseinhumans

B.aiddigestion

C.fightoffotherorganisms

D.createnewtypeofnutrients

問題4選項

A.becomingaparasite

B.beingtreatedasaninvader

C.alteringitsgeneticmakeup

D.developinganewimmunesystem

問題5選項

A.accepttransplantedcells

B.detectandreacttoinvasion

C.weakentheirimmunesystem

D.getridofantibiotics

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.【試題解析】主旨大意題。由題干可以定位到原文首段中心句“Inthefaceofthisonslaught,livingthingshaveevolvedavarietyofdefensemechanismsforprotectingtheirbodiesfrominvasionbyotherorganisms.”，中文翻譯為：在面臨這種襲擊時，生物體已演化出各種各樣的防御機制來保護自己的身體不被其他生物體入侵。因此答案為B選項：生物體如何反抗入侵者。

2.【試題解析】詞匯題。A:difficult“困難的”；B:widespread“普遍的，廣泛的；分布廣的”；C:critical“鑒定的；批評的，危險的”；D:complex“復(fù)雜的”。由題干可以定位到文章第一段中“Thelivelihoodofeachspeciesinthevastandintricateassemblageoflivingthingsdependsontheexistenceofotherorganisms.”中文翻譯為：在龐大而復(fù)雜的生物群落中，每個物種的生計都依賴于其他生物體的存在。得知intricate為“復(fù)雜的”，故選D。

3.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段“Forexample,whenattackedbydisease-causingfungiorbacteria,manykindsofplantsproducechemicalsthathelptowardofftheirinvaders.”中文翻譯為：例如，當(dāng)遭受致病菌類或細菌攻擊時，許多種類的植物產(chǎn)生有助于擊潰入侵者的化學(xué)物質(zhì)。因此，C選項“擊退其他生物體”最符合題意。

4.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第三段“…thereisevidencethattransplantsofcellsorfragmentsoftissuesintoananimalareacceptedonlyiftheycomefromgeneticallycompatibleorcloselyrelatedindividuals.”中文翻譯為：有證據(jù)表明，只有細胞或組織碎片來自在基因上相容或有密切關(guān)系的個體時，細胞或組織移植到一個動物中才會被接受。故B選項“被當(dāng)成入侵者”最符合題意。

5.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可以定位原文尾段“Theimmunesystemrecognizesandtakesactionagainstforeigninvadersandtransplantedtissuesthataretreatedasforeigncells.”中文翻譯為：這個免疫系統(tǒng)識別并針對外來入侵者和被看成是外來細胞的移植組織采取行動?？梢缘弥狟項“發(fā)現(xiàn)和反抗入侵”最為符合。

7.單選題

Thechildren’shystericalcrying（）thewomandoctorfromcompletingtheexamination.

問題1選項

A.forbade

B.refrained

C.hindered

D.restricted

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項forbid“禁止；不允許”；B選項refrain“克制；避免；制止”；C選項hinder“阻止；打擾”；D選項restrict“限制；約束”。句意：這些孩子們歇斯底里的哭泣阻止這位女醫(yī)生完成這個檢查。結(jié)合句意判斷出選項C正確。

8.單選題

ImportedfromGermany,this（）instrumentrequiresawell-trainedoperator.

問題1選項

A.artificial

B.intricate

C.competent

D.luxurious

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項artificial“人造的；仿造的；虛偽的”；B選項intricate“復(fù)雜的；錯綜的；纏結(jié)的”；C選項competent“勝任的；有能力的”；D選項luxurious“奢侈的；豐富的”。句意：從德國進口的這個復(fù)雜儀器需要一位訓(xùn)練有素的操作者。根據(jù)句意，判斷出B選項正確。

9.單選題

Whenbreadpricesrose,Vladkhleb,abakery,askedthekraiandcityforhelpinholdingdownprices.Hereisaletteritwrote,publishedintheVladivostokTimesSept.9,2007

DearResidentsofVladivostok:

ThestaffandBoardofDirectorsofVladkhlebcan’tkeepsilentinthecurrentwildsituationwhenpricesforallexistingproductsareskyrocketingunbelievably.Andwhilewesomewhatindifferentlywatchenormousfiguresonpricetagsfordelicacyproducts,everykopeckofextrachargeforthestaplescausesarealpanic.Weperfectlyrealizethat,andthat’swhywehavekeptbreadpricesaffordableforallthistime.Evenaftertheriseofpriceswehavetriedtokeepthepastpricesforaslongaspossible.

Atthemomentallourreservesareexhausted.Stocksofbread-bakingingredientssuchasflour,sugar,butterandthelikearerunningout.Tobuywhatweneedatreasonablepricesisvirtuallyimpossibletoday.

However,wecannottemporize.Weallneedbreadeveryday,whichmeanswewillbeforcedtobuyeverythingweneedatmuchhigherprices.Whatthismeansperhapsdoesn’tneedtobeexplained.

Thecostofbreadcloselydependsoningredients.Anotherfinancialcrisishasledtoa50%－300%increaseofpricesforbutler,vegetableoil,alltypesofmargarine,yeastandotherasofSeptember1.Allthesepricescontinuetogroweveryhour.

Becauseofthis,Vladkhlebcametothecriticalpointwhereitisnecessarytoraisepricesofitsproducts.Otherwise,wewilljustdestroyamostpowerfulbreadenterprise.ShouldVladkhlebshutdown,thebreadpricewillgetoutofhand.

Oureconomistsprojectedthesituationforthenearfutureconsideringthegrowingflourcost.Withthecostofflourat2.18rublesperkilogramatthestartofSeptember,theretailbreadpricewastobe4.36rubles.Withanincreaseofflourcostto4rublesperkilogram,breadpricewillgrowto6.17rubles.Furthergrowthwillbepossible.

Soitturnsoutthatbreadmayrankwithdelicacyproducts.Isthereanotherwayout?Yes.Itisalreadyputintopracticebyleadersofothercitiesandregions.Forexample,MoscowMayorYuryLuzhkovusedthepressintheveryfirstdaysofthecrisistotelltheresidentsthathehaddecidedtosubsidizethebreadindustrysothatnottoallowpricesforthistypeoffoodtorise.Therewerenoobjections.SodidKhabarovsk―theretheypaysubsidiesforbreadbakingingredients.

Incidentally,thecityandkraiadministrationsalreadyhavetheexperienceofsupportingourplants.Ratherthanartificiallyholdingbackprices,theyemployedloansandwaiversandthelike.Atthispointallthecityandkraiofficesofauthorityaswellasdeputiesatalllevelscouldconsiderourpropositionssuchas:

Grantingwaiversontaxestokraiandcitybudgets;

Establishinglowerpricesforelectricandthermalenergyforaprogramofbreadproduction;

Facilitatinginreceptionofcustomsdutyandtaxwaiversfromthefederalgovernmentforimportedgrain;

RecoveryofPacificFleet’sdebtsintheamountof6millionrubles(calculatedasofAugust2007)forsuppliedproducts;

Loweringrentforpremisesandplots.

AnyofthesepossiblemeasureswillhelpVladkhlebcontainthegrowthofpricesforitsproducts.DespiteofourSOSsignal,nomeasureshavebeentakenasyet.Wehavefoundourselvesinthesamesituationasanyofyou.Weseethesituationchangingsteadilyfortheworse.Wewillnotcopewiththatalone.

Weseeonerecourse:Raisethebreadpriceminimallyandcancelourfreeplasticbagservice.Butwhatisnext?Thisistheconcernofallthe700employeesandtheboardofVladkhleb.

Everyextrakopeckinthecostofbreadupsetsyouandusverymuch.Makingoursincereapologiesforaforcedincreaseofthebreadprice,wehopeforyourunderstandingandsupport.Todayandtomorrowwearewithyou,asusual.

TheStaffandBoardofVladkhleb

1.InthisopenletterVladkhlebexplainstothepeopleofVladivostokthat（）.

2.Apossiblesolutiontothecrisis,Vladkhlebsuggestsis（）.

3.“Soitturnsoutthatbreadmayrankwithdelicacyproducts,”means（）.

4.Vladkhlebhasdecidednottoshutdownbecause,theysay,（）.

5.OneofVladkhlebpropositionstothelocalauthorities“RecoveryofPacificFleet’sdebtsintheamountof6millionrubles(calculatedasofAugust2007)forsuppliedproducts.”Means（）.

問題1選項

A.theycannolongersupplybread

B.thepriceofbreadwilltreble

C.allreservesofbread-makingingredientshavebeendepleted

D.itwillhavetoclosedown

問題2選項

A.touseingredientsofalowerquality

B.tocuttheworkers’wages

C.tourgepeopletoeatlessbread

D.tohavethebreadpricesubsidizedbytheauthorities

問題3選項

A.thatbreadhasbecomemuchtastierinrecentmonths

B.thatbreadhasbecomeasexpensiveascaviar

C.thatbreadhasbecomeanarticlemanypeoplecannolongerafford

D.thatbreadhasbecomemorecrispyinrecentmonths

問題4選項

A.theorganizationstillhasalotofoutstandingdebts

B.otherwisethepriceofbreadmaygetoutofhand

C.otherwisethedistributionofbreadmayendupinthehandsofthemafia

D.theiremployeesareloyalandhard-working

問題5選項

A.thatthearmystillowesthebakeryalotofmoneyforbreaddeliveredinthepast

B.thatVladkhlebstillowesalotofmoneytothearmyforingredientsthatitsuppliedinthepast

C.thatthelocalauthoritiesshouldaskformorefundsfromMoscowwhichwouldotherwiseendupwiththePacificFleet

D.thatthelocalauthoritiesshouldpaybackthedebtimmediately

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。由題干可以定位到原文第四段“Atthemomentallourreservesareexhausted.Stocksofbread-bakingingredientssuchasflour,sugar,butterandthelikearerunningout.”中文翻譯為：此刻，我們所有的儲備已用完。諸如面粉、糖、黃油和類似的面包烘焙原料正在耗盡。因此C選項“所有面包制作的原料已經(jīng)被耗盡”符合題意。

2.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第九段“Forexample,MoscowMayorYuryLuzhkovusedthepressintheveryfirstdaysofthecrisistotelltheresidentsthathehaddecidedtosubsidizethebreadindustrysothatnottoallowpricesforthistypeoffoodtorise.”中文翻譯為：例如，莫斯科市長YuryLuzhkov在危機出現(xiàn)的頭幾天里通過新聞界告訴居民，他已決定補助面包行業(yè)，以便不讓這類食品的價格上漲。對應(yīng)D選項“讓面包價格受到政府補助”。因此D項符合題意。

3.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章第八段“Withanincreaseofflourcostto4rublesperkilogram,breadpricewillgrowto6.17rubles.Furthergrowthwillbepossible.”中文翻譯為：隨著面粉價格上漲至每公斤4盧布，面包的價格將上漲至6.17盧布。進一步的價格上漲將是可能的?？芍鸢笧镃項“面包已變成一種很多人不再能負擔(dān)得起的商品”。

4.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到原文第七段“ShouldVladkhlebshutdown,thebreadpricewillgetoutofhand.”中文翻譯為：如果Vladkhleb面包店停業(yè)，那么面包價格將失去控制。因此B項“否則，面包價格可能失去控制”正確。

5.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到原文倒數(shù)第五段“RecoveryofPacificFleet’sdebtsintheamountof6millionrubles(calculatedasofAugust2007)forsuppliedproducts.”中文翻譯為：收回太平洋艦隊因產(chǎn)品供應(yīng)欠的六百萬盧布債務(wù)（計算截止時間為2007年8月）。因此可知答案為C“當(dāng)?shù)卣畱?yīng)該向莫斯科要求更多資金，否則，最終要求莫斯科支付太平洋艦隊所欠當(dāng)?shù)卣膫鶆?wù)”。

10.單選題

Hespokeso（）thatevenhisopponentswerewonoverbyhisarguments.

問題1選項

A.reservedly

B.emphatically

C.determinedly

D.convincingly

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項reservedly“決然地；斷然地”；B選項emphatically“著重地；強調(diào)地；斷然地”；C選項determinedly“決然地；斷然地”；D選項convincingly“令人信服地；有說服力地”。句意：他如此令人信服地發(fā)言，以至于他的對手都被他的辯論所說服。根據(jù)句意，D選項正確。

11.單選題

Eversincetheriseofindustrialism,educationhasbeen（）towardsproducingworkers.

問題1選項

A.harnessed

B.hatched

C.motivated

D.geared

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。geartoward“專門朝向某事發(fā)展”。句意：自工業(yè)主義出現(xiàn)以來，教育一直專門生產(chǎn)工人。根據(jù)句意可知D選項正確。

12.單選題

Recentfindingsindicatethatbirdscanalsousethemagneticfieldoftheearthasanaidto（）.

問題1選項

A.criterion

B.orientation

C.standard

D.guideline

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項criterion“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；規(guī)范；準(zhǔn)則”；B選項orientation“定位；適應(yīng)；向東方”；C選項standard“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；度量衡標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”；D選項guideline“指導(dǎo)方針”。句意：最近的調(diào)查結(jié)果表明，鳥類也能使用地球磁場作為定位的輔助手段。結(jié)合句意，B選項正確。

13.單選題

Manypeopleare（）toinsectbites,andsomeevenhavetogotohospital.

問題1選項

A.insensitive

B.allergic

C.infectious

D.alert

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項insensitive“感覺遲鈍的”；B選項allergic“對……過敏的”；C選項infectious“傳染的；傳染性的”；D選項alert“警惕的；留心的”。句意：很多人對蟲子叮咬過敏，且有些人甚至不得不去醫(yī)院。結(jié)合此處句意，B選項正確。

14.單選題

DespiteDenmark’smanifestvirtues,DanesnevertalkabouthowproudtheyaretobeDanes.ThiswouldsoundweirdinDanish.WhenDanestalktoforeignersaboutDenmark,theyalwaysbeginbycommentingonitstininess,itsunimportance,thedifficultyofitslanguage,thegeneralsmall-mindednessandself-indulgenceoftheircountrymenandthehightaxes.NoDanewouldlookyouintheeyeandsay“Denmarkisagreatcountry.”You’resupposedtofigurethisoutforyourself.

Itisthelandofthesilksafetynet,wherealmosthalfthenationalbudgetgoestowardsmoothingoutlife’sinequalities,andthereisplentyofmoneyforschools,daycare,retrainingprograms,jobseminars—Danesloveseminars:threedaysatastudycenterhearingaboutwastemanagementisalmostasgoodasaskitrip.ItisaculturebombardedbyEnglish,inadvertising,popmusic,theInternet,anddespitealltheEnglishthatDanishabsorbs―thereisnoDanishAcademytodefendagainstit—olddialectspersistinJutlandthatcanbarelybeunderstoodbyCopenhageners.Itisthelandwhere,asthesayinggoes,“fewhavetoomuchandfewerhavetoolittle,”andaforeignerisstruckbythesweetegalitarianismthatprevails,wherethelowliestclerkgivesyoualevelgaze,whereSirandMadamehavedisappearedfromcommonusage,evenMr.andMrs..It’sanationofrecyclers—about55%ofDanishgarbagegetsmadeintosomethingnew―andnonuclearpowerplants.It’sanationoftirelessplanners.Trainsrunontime.Thingsoperatewellingeneral.

Suchanationofoverachievers—abrochurefromtheMinistryofBusinessandIndustrysays,“Denmarkisoneoftheworld’scleanestandmostorganizedcountries,withvirtuallynopollution,crime,orpoverty.Denmarkisthemostcorruption-freesocietyintheNorthernHemisphere.”So,ofcourse,one’sheartliftsatanysightingofDanishsleaze:skinheadgraffitionbuildings(“ForeignersOutofDenmark!”),brokenbeerbottlesinthegutters,drunkenteenagersslumpedinthepark.

Nonetheless,itisanorderlyland.YoudrivethroughaDanishtown,itcomestoanendatastonewall,andontheothersideisafieldofbarley,anicecleanline:townhere,countrythere.Itisnotanationofjaywalkers.Peoplestandonthecurbandwaitfortheredlighttochange,evenifit’s2a.m.andthere’snotacarinsight.However,Danesdon’tthinkofthemselvesasawaiting-at-2-a.m.-for-the-green-lightpeople―that’showtheyseeSwedesandGermans.Danesseethemselvesasjazzypeople,improvisers,morefreespiritedthanSwedes,butthetruthis(thoughoneshouldnotsayit)thatDanesareverymuchlikeGermansandSwedes.Orderlinessisamainsellingpoint.Denmarkhasfewnaturalresources,limitedmanufacturingcapability;itsfutureinEuropewillbeasabroker,banker,anddistributorofgoods.YousendyourgoodsbycontainershiptoCopenhagen,andthesebright,young,English-speaking,utterlyhonest,highlydisciplinedpeoplewillgetyourgoodsaroundtoScandinavia,theBalticStates,andRussia.Airports,seaports,highways,andraillinesareultramodernandwell-maintained.

Theorderlinessofthesocietydoesn’tmeanthatDanishlivesarelessmessyorlonelythanyoursormine,andnoDanewouldtellyouso.Youcanhearplentyaboutbitterfamilyfeudsandthesorrowsofalcoholismandaboutperfectlysensiblepeoplewhowentoffonedayandkilledthemselves.Anorderlysocietycannotexemptitsmembersfromthehazardsoflife.

ButthereisasenseofentitlementandsecuritythatDanesgrowupwith.Certainthingsareyoursbyvirtueofcitizenship,andyoushouldn’tfeelbadfortakingwhatyou’reentitledto,you’reasgoodasanyoneelse.Therulesofthewelfaresystemarecleartoeveryone,thebenefitsyougetifyouloseyourjob,thestepsyoutaketogetanewone;andtheorderlinessofthesystemmakesitpossibleforthecountrytoweatherhighunemploymentandsocialunrestwithoutasenseofcrisis.

1.TheauthorthinksthatDanesadopta（）attitudetowardstheircountry.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTaDanishcharacteristiccitedinthepassage?

3.Theauthor’sreactiontothestatementbytheMinistryofBusinessandIndustryis（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,Danishorderliness（）.

5.AttheendofthepassagetheauthorstatesallthefollowingEXCEPTthat（）.

問題1選項

A.boastful

B.modest

C.deprecating

D.mysterious

問題2選項

A.Fondnessofforeignculture.

B.Equalityinsociety.

C.Linguistictolerance.

D.Persistentplanning.

問題3選項

A.disapproving

B.approving

C.noncommittal

D.doubtful

問題4選項

A.setsthepeopleapartfromGermansandSwedes

B.sparesDanessocialtroublesbesettingotherpeoples

C.isconsideredeconomicallyessentialtothecountry

D.preventsDanesfromacknowledgingexistingtroubles

問題5選項

A.Danesareclearlyinformedoftheirsocialbenefits

B.Danestakeforgrantedwhatisgiventothem

C.theopensystemhelpstotidethecountryover

D.orderlinesshasalleviatedunemployment

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。由題干可以定位到原文首段“DespiteDenmark’smanifestvirtues,DanesnevertalkabouthowproudtheyaretobeDanes.”，中文翻譯為：盡管丹麥有著明顯的優(yōu)點，但是丹麥人卻從不談及自己身為丹麥人有多么自豪。因此B選項“謙虛的”符合題意。

2.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Danishcharacteristic可定位到文章第二段Itisthelandwhere,asthesayinggoes,“fewhavetoomuchandfewerhavetoolittle,”，中文翻譯為：正如俗語所說，它（即丹麥）是一個‘很少人擁有太多且更少的人擁有太少’的國土，對應(yīng)B選項“社會平等”。第二段中“thereisnoDanishAcademytodefendagainstit”，中文翻譯為：沒有一個丹麥的學(xué)院去反對它（英語），對應(yīng)C選項“語言的容忍”。以及第二段“It’sanationoftirelessplanners.”中文翻譯為：它是一個有著不知疲倦的規(guī)劃者的國家。對應(yīng)D選項“持續(xù)的規(guī)劃”。因此A項符合題意。

3.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章第三段“...brokenbeerbottlesinthegutters,drunkenteenagersslumpedinthepark…”，中文翻譯為：水溝中打碎的啤酒瓶，倒在公園里的喝醉的青少年?？芍鸢笧镈項“懷疑的”。

4.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Danishorderliness可以定位到文章第四段“Orderlinessisamainsellingpoint.”，中文翻譯為：有序是一個主要的賣點。因此C項“在經(jīng)濟上對這個國家被認為是至關(guān)重要的”正確。

5.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。A項“丹麥人清楚地被告知自己的社會福利”可定位到文章倒數(shù)第一段“Therulesofthewelfaresystemarecleartoeveryone.”，中文翻譯為：福利系統(tǒng)的制度對每個人都是顯然的。B選項“丹麥人將被給予自己的東西當(dāng)成理所當(dāng)然”對應(yīng)文章最后一段中“Certainthingsareyoursbyvirtueofcitizenship.”，中文翻譯為：某些東西由于你是公民而是你的。C選項“公開的系統(tǒng)有助于這個國家度過困難時期”對應(yīng)最后一段“…toweatherhighunemploymentandsocialunrestwithoutasenseofcrisis.”，中文翻譯為：在沒有危機感的情況下去經(jīng)受住失業(yè)和社會動蕩。因此可知答案為D“有序緩解了失業(yè)”。

15.單選題

Thecultleadertriedto（）peoplebymakingpromiseshecouldn’tpossiblykeepinordertogettheirmoney.

問題1選項

A.render

B.chide

C.preamble

D.exploit

【答案】D

【解析】

【試題解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項render“致使；提出；實施；著色”；B選項chide“責(zé)罵；斥責(zé)”；C選項preamble“作序文（或?qū)а?、開場白等）”；D選項exploit“開發(fā)，開拓；剝削；開采”。句意：這個邪教領(lǐng)袖為了得到人們的錢而做出他不可能兌現(xiàn)的承諾，以此來剝削他們。。根據(jù)句意，D選項正確。

16.單選題

Hawaii’snativeminorityisdemandingagreaterdegreeofsovereigntyoveritsownaffairs.Butmuchofthearchipelago’spoliticalestablishment,whichincludesthewhiteAmericanswhodominateduntiltheSecondWorldWarandpeopleofJapanese,ChineseandFilipinoorigin,isopposedtotheidea.

TheislandswereannexedbytheU.S.in1898andsincethenHawaii’snativepeoplehavefaredworsethananyofitsotherethnicgroups.Theymakeupover60percentofthestate’shomeless,sufferhigherlevelsofunemploymentandtheirlifespanisfiveyearslessthantheaverageHawaiians.TheyaretheonlymajorU.S.nativegroupwithoutsomedegreeofautonomy.

ButasovereigntyadvisorycommitteesetupbyHawaii’sfirstnativegovernor,JohnWaihee,hasgiventhenatives’causeamajorboostbyrecommendingthattheHawaiiannativesdecidebythemselveswhethertore-establishasovereignHawaiiannation.

However,theHawaiiannativesarenotunitedintheirdemands.Somejustwantgreaterautonomywithinthestate—asenjoyedbymanyAmericanIndiannativesovermatterssuchaseducation.ThisisapositionsupportedbytheOfficeofHawaiianAffairs(OHA),astateagencysetupin1978torepresenttonatives’interestsandwhichhasnowbecomethemoderatefaceofthenativesovereigntymovement.MoreambitiousistheKaLahuigroup,whichdeclareditselfanewnationin1987andwantsfull,officialindependencefromtheU.S.

ButifHawaiiannativesaregivengreaterautonomy,itisfarfromclearhowmanypeoplethiswillapplyto.Thestateauthoritiesonlycountasnativethosepeoplewithmorethan50percentHawaiianblood.

Nativedemandsarenotjustbasedonpoliticalgrievances,though.Theyalsowanttheirclaimon660,000hectaresofHawaiiancrownlandtobeaccepted.Itisonthisissuethatnativegroupsarefacing.Itisonthisissuethatnativegroupsarefacingmostoppositionfromthestateauthorities.In1933,thestategovernmentpaidtheOHAU.S.$136millioninbackrentonthecrownlandandmanyofficialssaythatbyacceptingthispaymenttheagencyhasgivenupitsclaimstolegallyowntheland.TheOHAhasvigorouslydisputedthis.

1.Hawaii’snativeminorityrefersto（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueoftheHawaiiannatives?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNottrueofJohnWaihee?

4.Whichofthefollowinggroupsholdsalessradicalattitudeonthematterofsovereignty?

5.Variousna