2022年考研考博-考博英語-上海交通大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號43

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-上海交通大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Theheadlightsoftheapproachingcarwereso（）thatthecyclisthadtostopriding.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.gleaning

B.staring

C.gleaming

D.dazzling

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析題。gleaning"拾遺";staring"目不轉(zhuǎn)睛的,凝視的";gleaming"閃爍的,閃閃發(fā)光的";dazzling"耀眼的,光彩奪目的"。句意：那輛駛來的汽車的前燈太耀眼，以致于騎自行車的人不得不停下來。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

2.單選題

Weshallneverbeableto（）ourselvestrulyunlessweareworkingforthewelfareofourfellows.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.realize

B.spot

C.accomplish

D.fulfill

【答案】D

【解析】近義詞辨析。realize著重指把過去的計(jì)劃或意愿變成現(xiàn)實(shí);spot為動(dòng)詞時(shí)指的是"沾上污漬";accomplish是正式用詞,強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)過程的完成,也可指依靠努力達(dá)到一定目的,或取得一定的結(jié)果;fulfill強(qiáng)調(diào)夢寐以求,強(qiáng)調(diào)滿足。句意：除非我們?yōu)樗说母＠ぷ?否則我們永遠(yuǎn)不可能真正實(shí)現(xiàn)自我。選項(xiàng)D更恰當(dāng)。

3.單選題

（）wingsforthecommonmanhadtoawaitthedawnofthespaceagetogobacktothesimplicityoftheirbeginnings.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Consequently

B.Regularly

C.Ironically

D.Comprehensively

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。consequently"因此,從而";regularly"定期地,有規(guī)律地";ironically"諷刺地";comprehensively"包括地,全面地"。句意：（）,普通人的翅膀必須等到太空時(shí)代的黎明才能回到最初的簡單。選項(xiàng)C具有諷刺意味的是,符合句意。

4.單選題

Over-cultivationandalongperiodoferosionhasreducedthe（）ofmuchofthecountry'sfarm?land.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sufficiency

B.fertility

C.prosperity

D.mobility

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析題。sufficiency"充足";fertility"肥力";prosperity"興旺,繁榮";mobility"活動(dòng)性,靈活性"。句意：過度耕種和長期的水土流失降低了這個(gè)國家大部分農(nóng)田的肥力。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

5.單選題

HelenKeller'sworkgavecomfortandencouragementtootherhandicappedpeoplewho（）mighthaveledahopelesslife.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.therefore

B.thus

C.or

D.otherwise

【答案】D

【解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。句意：海倫?凱勒的工作是給其他殘疾人以安慰和鼓勵(lì),否則他們可能會過著絕望的生活。前后構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,選項(xiàng)D正確。

6.單選題

Thebraindrainofexpertsawayfromdevelopingcountrieswillgreatlyinfluencethesecountriesdevelopmentof（）industry.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.complicated

B.sophisticated

C.primitive

D.collective

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析題。complicated"復(fù)雜的,難懂的";sophisticated"精密的,尖端的";primitive"原始的,早期的";collective"集體的,共同的"。句意：發(fā)展中國家髙技術(shù)人才的外流,將會嚴(yán)重影響這些國家尖端工業(yè)的發(fā)展。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

7.單選題

Suchoccupationswereso（）astobeunworthyofhisfullattention.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.triggering

B.tripling

C.trifling

D.trembling

【答案】C

【解析】形近詞辨析題。triggering觸發(fā)，啟動(dòng)；tripling使增至三倍；trifling微不足道的；trembling發(fā)抖的，戰(zhàn)栗的。根據(jù)下句可推測出，選項(xiàng)C更符合句意。句意：這些工作是如此微不足道，不值得他全神貫注。

8.單選題

Soil（）isanaturalprocess.Itbecomesaproblemwhenhumanactivitycausesittooccurmuchfasterthanundernaturalconditions.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.preservation

B.abrasion

C.erosion

D.eruption

【答案】C

【解析】名詞辨析題。preservation保留，保護(hù)；abrasion磨損，損耗；erosion腐蝕，侵蝕；eruption噴發(fā)，爆發(fā)。句意：土壤侵蝕是一個(gè)自然過程。當(dāng)人類活動(dòng)導(dǎo)致它比自然條件下發(fā)生得快得多時(shí)，這就成了一個(gè)問題。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

9.單選題

Nowthattheexcitementofcelebratinghashadachanceto（）,it'stimetoturntheOlympicidealintoreality.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.cutoff

B.carryaway

C.turnoff

D.wearoff

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。cutoff"切斷,中斷";carryaway"運(yùn)走;失去自制力";turnof"關(guān)閉";wearoff"逐漸減少,逐漸消失"。句意:既然慶祝的激情已經(jīng)開始逐漸消失,那么是時(shí)候把奧林匹克理想變成現(xiàn)實(shí)了。

10.單選題

Whenhelefthighschool,he（）togotocollegeandstudyforadegree,ratherthangetajobstraightaway.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.opted

B.forwent

C.indulged

D.excelled

【答案】A

【解析】詞義辨析題。opt選擇，opttodosth.指選擇做某事；forwent摒棄，放棄；indulge沉溺，放縱，后面一般接介詞in；excelled超過，一般與at或in搭配。句意：高中畢業(yè)后，他選擇上大學(xué)攻讀學(xué)位，而不是直接找工作。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

11.單選題

Thekitchenwassmalland（）sothatthedisabledwomancouldreacheverythingwithoutdifficulty.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.complex

B.complete

C.compact

D.composite

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析題。complex"復(fù)合的,復(fù)雜的";complete"完整的,徹底的";compact"緊湊的,簡潔的";composite"混合的,綜合的"。句意：廚房小而緊湊，殘疾婦女可以毫不費(fèi)力地夠到任何東西。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

12.單選題

Thoughthisbookwaswrittenmorethan50yearsago,ithasarelativelycontemporaryappeal,andits（）plottingwillamusemysterylovers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.intricate

B.disparate

C.compassionate

D.passionate

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析題。intricate錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的；disparate不同的，迥異的，不相干的；compassionate慈悲的，富有同情心的；passionate熱情的，充滿激情的。句意：雖然這本書是50多年前寫的，但它具有相對現(xiàn)代的吸引力，其錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的情節(jié)會讓神秘愛好者感到有趣。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

13.單選題

Canyouexplainthis（）oftenyearsinyourjobhistorywhichyouhavenotaccountedfor?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.interruption

B.gap

C.split

D.paring

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析題。interruption"中斷,干擾";gap"缺口,差距,間隔";split"劈裂,裂縫;paring"削皮"。選項(xiàng)中只有g(shù)ap可以表示時(shí)間的間隔。句意：你能解釋一下在你的工作經(jīng)歷中你沒有解釋的十年空白期嗎?選項(xiàng)B正確。

14.寫作題

Directions:Itisfoundthatmanystudentstodaysimply"cutandpaste"informationfromtheInternetwhentheydotheirassignments.Whatcanbedonetostopthis?Pleasewriteanessayofabout300wordsonthisissue.Youshouldalsogiveyouressayapropertitleonthebasisofyoursuggestion(s).Writetheessayontheanswersheet2only.

【答案】TeachersandStudentsShouldUnite15.單選題

TheJapanesedesireformarriagehadbeenverystrong.Inthefifth"worldyouthattitudesurvey"（1）bytheManagementandCoordinationAgencyin1993,over70percentoftheJapanese（2）chosetheanswers"Oneshouldgetmarried"or"It'sbettertogetmarried."Ofthe11countriessurveyed,Japanwas（3）onlybythePhilippinesinthepercentageofthoseadvocatingmarriage（4）opposedtoasinglelife.

Inrecentyears,however,therehasbeenaspreadingrecognitionamongtheJapanesepublicthatsomething（5）ishappeninginpeople'sattitudestowardmarriage.

Whentheybegantohaveadequatefood,clothingandshelterafteryearsofpostwarshortagesandthusbecameableto（6）theirattentiontoothermatters,theJapaneseforthefirsttime（7）arenewedlookatthequestionofmarriage.Inthe1990s,peoplebegantoask"Whatonearthismarriageanyway?"andtotalkaboutmarriageitself.

InJapan,theproportionofmenstillunmarriedintheirthirtiesreachedabout20percentinthenationalcensustakenin1985,andthe（8）apparentlyexceeded30percentin1995.Theproportionofunmarriedwomeninthe25-29agebrackethasbeenincreasing（9）about5percenteveryfiveyearsuntilitisnownearly50percent.

Whataretherealreasonswomenchoosenottomarry?Earlyon,twowere（10）;womenwerenowbettereducatedandmorewomenwereinterestedinworkingoutsidethehome.Manywomenhavebecome（11）independent,acquiringenoughself-confidenceto（12）ameaningfullifeoutsideofmarriage.And（13）seemstobeawidegapinthewaymenandwomenviewmarriage.Womengenerallybelievethat,（14）women'srolesinJapan'spostwarsocietyhavebecomediversified,menhaveessentiallyremainedunchanged.（15）suchcircumstances,communicationbetweenthesexesis,infact,farfromeasy.

Besidesthat,inthepostwarJapan,individualismhasbeguntotake（16）.The50yearssincetheendofthewarmayberegardedastheprocessofa（17）fromthefamily-centeredtotheindividual-centeredwayofthinking.InJapantoday,societyhasmaturedtoapoint（18）itnowtoleratesadiversityofmarriagestyleswhichwereunthinkablenotverylongago.Inthefuture,suchtoleranceisalmost（19）toincrease.Butaheadlongplungetowardunbridledindividualismisalsodangerous.Theideal（20）maybetoachieveacomplementaryfusionofthecollectivismofJapan'straditionalcommunityandtheindividualismofthenewage.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.practiced

B.conducted

C.involved

D.devised

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.respondents

B.correspondents

C.counterparts

D.reflectors

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.surpassed

B.preceded

C.disadvantaged

D.defeated

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.when

B.what

C.lest

D.as

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.important

B.common

C.exciting

D.unusual

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.catch

B.attract

C.turn

D.derive

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.made

B.took

C.began

D.learnt

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.number

B.amount

C.figure

D.data

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.to

B.by

C.with

D.upon

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.cited

B.dealt

C.obliged

D.occurred

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.monetarily

B.economically

C.mentally

D.physically

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.take

B.face

C.lead

D.feel

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.it

B.that

C.what

D.there

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.since

B.while

C.whether

D.when

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.Under

B.Within

C.On

D.At

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.interest

B.advantage

C.mark

D.root

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.range

B.step

C.shift

D.drive

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.which

B.where

C.that

D.what

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.known

B.supposed

C.prone

D.certain

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.approach

B.attitude

C.option

D.standard

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

第6題:C

第7題:A

第8題:C

第9題:B

第10題:A

第11題:B

第12題:A

第13題:A

第14題:B

第15題:A

第16題:B

第17題:C

第18題:C

第19題:C

第20題:B

【解析】1.根據(jù)原文句意可知，這里指由日本管理協(xié)調(diào)局進(jìn)行的第五次“世界青年態(tài)度調(diào)查”。devised指設(shè)計(jì)，計(jì)劃。符合原文句意。

2.名詞辨析。respondents調(diào)查對象；correspondents通訊員；counterparts副本，相對應(yīng)的人或物；reflectors反射體，反光片。根據(jù)上文的調(diào)查可知這里指被調(diào)查的對象，選項(xiàng)A正確。

3.surpassed超過，一般與to搭配；preceded領(lǐng)先，在...前面；disadvantaged劣勢，不利條件；defeated擊敗，打敗。根據(jù)原文可知，這里指日本僅次于菲律賓。即被菲律賓打敗，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

4.句意：在接受調(diào)查的11個(gè)國家中，只有菲律賓在提倡婚姻反對單身的比例上擊敗了日本。Normal07.8磅02falsefalsefalseEN-USZH-CNX-NONE這里的what做連接代詞，指的是提倡婚姻的比例。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

5.根據(jù)句意：近年來，日本公眾普遍認(rèn)識到，人們對待婚姻的態(tài)度正在發(fā)生一些不同尋常的變化。選項(xiàng)D符合原文語境。

6.根據(jù)原文可知這里指轉(zhuǎn)移注意力，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

7.makearenewedlook為固定搭配，指“重新審視”。

8.根據(jù)句意：1995年這一數(shù)字顯然超過了30%。number是一個(gè)數(shù)字，figure指有意義的數(shù)值，所以本題選項(xiàng)C正確。

9.increasingby指增長了，按...增長，為常用搭配。

10.根據(jù)原文可知，這里指早期引用了兩個(gè)原因。

11.monetarily財(cái)政上，在金錢問題上；economically在經(jīng)濟(jì)上；mentally精神上，智力上；physically生理上。根據(jù)句意可知，這里指女性經(jīng)濟(jì)獨(dú)立，選項(xiàng)B正確。

12.根據(jù)原文，女性經(jīng)濟(jì)獨(dú)立，獲得足夠自信，沒有婚姻也可以過上有意義的生活。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

13.根據(jù)后面的seems可以推斷，此處應(yīng)填入it。選項(xiàng)A正確。

14.根據(jù)原文，這里將男性和女性的角色進(jìn)行了對比，所以填入while最為恰當(dāng)。

15.Undersuchcircumstances為固定搭配，指在這種情況下。

16.takeadvantage為固定搭配，意為利用。在這里指，個(gè)人主義開始發(fā)揮作用。

17.根據(jù)原文句意：戰(zhàn)后的50年，可以說是一個(gè)從以家庭為中心的思維方式向以個(gè)人為中心的思維方式轉(zhuǎn)變的過程。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

18.分析句子可知，句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整，不缺成分，所以用that引導(dǎo)同位語從句。

19.根據(jù)句意：在未來，容忍幾乎會有增加的趨勢。只有選項(xiàng)C表示有...的趨勢，所以正確。

20.根據(jù)句意：一頭扎入個(gè)人主義是很危險(xiǎn)的，最理想的態(tài)度是實(shí)現(xiàn)日本傳統(tǒng)社會集體主義與新時(shí)代個(gè)人主義的互補(bǔ)融合。選項(xiàng)B符合原文句意。

16.單選題

ThejokesBilltoldinanefforttocheerusupdidn'tquite（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.comeoff

B.takeoff

C.gooff

D.getthrough

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。comeoff成功,奏效;takeoff脫下,離開;gooff變質(zhì);getthrough通過。句意：比爾為了使我們高興而講的笑話沒有完全奏效。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

17.單選題

Somecultureshavecustomsthat（）theclothingfashionsofpeopleincertainsocialclasses.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.modify

B.alter

C.regulate

D.revise

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。modify"修改,更改;修飾";alter"改變,更改";regulate"控制,管理,調(diào)節(jié)";revise"修訂,修改"。modify是指略微的修改,alter范圍較廣,指任何的改變,revise通常指修訂課本,制度的管理和規(guī)定經(jīng)常用regulate。句意：某些文化有一些習(xí)俗,這些習(xí)俗規(guī)定了某些社會階層中人們的穿衣時(shí)尚。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

18.單選題

She（）andloweredherheadwhenshecouldn'tanswerthequestioninthepresenceofherclassmates.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.refuted

B.defied

C.contradicted

D.disputed

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。refute反駁,駁斥;defy挑釁,不服從,公然反抗,還有使落空的意思;contradicted反駁,矛盾;disputed爭論,激烈辯論。句意：當(dāng)她不能在同學(xué)面前回答問題時(shí),她感到很落空并低下了頭。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

19.單選題

Hypertensionplacesstressonanumberoforgans(calledtargetorgans),includingthekidney,eyes,andheart,causingthemto（）overtime.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.deteriorate

B.distress

C.underscore

D.dilute

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。deteriorate惡化，變壞；distress悲痛，苦惱，不幸；underscore強(qiáng)調(diào)，底線；dilute稀釋，沖淡。句意：高血壓使許多器官受到壓力，包括腎臟、眼睛和心臟，久而久之會使它們感到痛苦。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

20.單選題

For50yearstheywereabletoproduceandselltheirgoodsmorecheaplythanothercountriesandthisgavethema（）advantageinworldtrade.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.considerable

B.concrete

C.considerate

D.conventional

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞辨析題。considerable"相當(dāng)大的";concrete"實(shí)體的,明確的";considerate"體貼的;體諒的";conventional"依照慣例的;傳統(tǒng)的;常規(guī)的"。句意：50年來，他們能夠以比其他國家更低的價(jià)格生產(chǎn)和銷售商品，這使他們在世界貿(mào)易中獲得了相當(dāng)大的優(yōu)勢。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

21.單選題

PreviousresearchbyscientistsfromKeilUniversityinGermanymonitoredAdeliepenguinsandnotedthatthebirds'heartratesincreaseddramaticallyatthesightofahumanasfaras30metersaway.Butnewresearchusinganartificialegg,whichisequippedtomeasureheartrates,disputesthis.ScientistsfromtheScottPolarResearchInstituteatCambridgesaythataslowmovinghumanwhodoesnotapproachthenesttooclosely,isnotperceivedasathreatbypenguins.

Theearlierfindingshavebeenusedtopartlyexplainthe20percentdropinpopulationsofcertaintypesofpenguinsneartouristsites.However,touroperatorshavecontinuedtoinsistthattheiractivitiesdonotadverselyaffectwildlifeinAntarctica,sayingtheyencouragenon-disruptivebehaviorintourists,andthatthedeclineinpenguinnumbersiscausedbyotherfactors.

AmandaNimonoftheScottPolarResearchInstitutespentthreesouthernhemispheresummersatCuvervilleIslandinAntarcticastudyingpenguinbehaviortowardshumans."Anestingpenguinwillreactverydifferentlytoapersonrapidlyandcloselyapproachingthenest,"saysNimon."Firsttheyexhibitlargeandprolongedheartratechangesandthentheyoftenfleethenestleavingitopenforpredators（捕食者）toflyinandremoveeggsorchicks."Theartificialegg,speciallydevelopedfortheproject,monitoredboththeparentwhohadbeendisturbedwhentheeggwasplacedinthenestandtheotherparentastheybothtookitinturnstoguardthenest.

However,BorisCulik,whomonitoredtheAdeliepenguins,believesthatNimon'sfindingsdonotinvalidatehisownresearch.Hepointsoutthatspeciesbehavedifferently一andNimon'sworkwaswithGentoopenguins.NimonandhercolleaguesbelievethatCulik'sresearchwasmethodologicallyflawedbecausethemonitoringofpenguins,responsesentailedcapturingandrestrainingthebirdsandfittingthemwithheart-ratetransmitters.Therefore,arguesNimon,itwouldnotbesurprisingiftheybecamestressedonseeingahumansubsequently.

1.PreviousresearchbyGermanscientistshasshownthat（）.

2.AnewfindinginrecentresearchbyBritishscientistsisthat（）.

3.Anartificialeggisusedinthenewresearchinorderto（）.

4.AccordingtoNimon,theconductorofthenewresearch,acomparisonoftheoldandthenewresearchrevealsthat（）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,whichfactoristhemostimportantinfluenceforpenguins'sheartrates?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theheartrateofpenguinsinAntarcticaisincreasing

B.penguinsaredisturbedbythepresenceofahuman

C.thenumberofpenguinsinAntarcticaisdeclining

D.penguinsofdifferentspeciesbehavedifferently

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.penguinsneartouristsitesinAntarcticahavebeendisruptedbythetouristactivities

B.penguinparentsbothtaketurntoguardtheirnestandlookaftertheireggsorchicks

C.penguinsarenotthreatenedbyahumanwhoapproachesthenestslowlyanddistantly

D.penguinsabandonthenestleavingeggsorchicksunprotectedwheneverseeingahuman

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.observepenguins'heartrates

B.exchangeforarealpenguinegg

C.monitorthehatchofpenguineggs

D.measurepenguins,bodytemperature

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thetworesearchesproducedcontradictorybutbothvalidfindingsfortheywerebasedondifferentspeciesofpenguin

B.thetworesearchesproducedcompatibleandcomplementaryfindingsfortheystudieddifferentspeciesofpenguin

C.theoldresearchwasunreliableforithadscaredpenguinsandchangedtheirlaterbehaviorbyfittingamonitoronthem

D.thenewresearchrevealspenguinsneedbetterprotectionfromtourists

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Climatechange.

B.Touristactivities.

C.Scientificresearch.

D.Notfirmlyknownyet.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“German”定位到第一段首句“Previousresearch...notedthatthebirds'heartratesincreaseddramaticallyatthesightofahumanasfaras30metersaway.”他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，遠(yuǎn)在30米之外的企鵝看到人類時(shí)，它們的心率會急劇上升。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。原文中并沒有出現(xiàn)British，但可以看到第一段的尾句中的Cambridge可定位答案?！?..aslowmovinghumanwhodoesnotapproachthenesttooclosely,isnotperceivedasathreatbypenguins.”行動(dòng)緩慢、不太靠近巢穴的人類不會被企鵝視為威脅。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“artificialegg”定位到第一段第二句“Butnewresearchusinganartificialegg,whichisequippedtomeasureheartrates,disputesthis.”由此可知，選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

4.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)最后一段的第三句“Nimonandhercolleaguesbelieve...withheart-ratetransmitters.”Nimon和她的同事認(rèn)為，Culik的研究在方法論上是有缺陷的，因?yàn)閷ζ簌Z的監(jiān)控和反應(yīng)需要捕捉和控制企鵝，并給它們安裝心率發(fā)射器。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

5.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。文章對企鵝是否會因?yàn)橛慰投艿接绊戇@個(gè)問題進(jìn)行了討論。通讀全文可知文章并沒有得出什么具體的影響因素的結(jié)論。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

22.單選題

Withthe（）ofaluminum,shinymetalssuchastinorcopperturnsintoblackpowderswhengroundfine.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.reception

B.deception

C.exception

D.perception

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。Withtheexceptionof指除了...之外。句意：除了鋁之外,其他的亮光金屬，如錫或銅，在磨細(xì)后都會變成黑色粉末。

23.單選題

Plasticsheetingshouldbewrappedaroundthetreeinwinnerto（）itfromthewindandthefrost.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.recover

B.shield

C.shade

D.rescue

【答案】B

【解析】recoverfrom恢復(fù);shield與from庇護(hù),使免遭……;shade不與from搭配,rescuefrom從...中營救。句意：應(yīng)該用塑料布把樹裹起來,以防止風(fēng)和霜凍。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

24.單選題

Achildhearshismothertonguespokenfrommorningtillnightinits（）form.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.correct

B.accurate

C.genuine

D.perfect

【答案】C

【解析】近義詞辨析題。correct"正確的,合適的,符合的";accurate"精確的,準(zhǔn)確的";genuine"純正的,真正的";perfect"完美的,完善的"。句意：小孩子從早到晚一直聽著地道的母語。小孩子聽到的不一定是正確的語自，也不一定是完美的或者準(zhǔn)確的母語,而是地地道道的母語。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

25.單選題

TheForeignMinistryholdsweeklypressconferencesto（）reporters（）thelatestdevelopmentindiplomacy.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.confer...upon

B.burden...with

C.fill...inon

D.adjust...to

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配辨析。fillsB.inon為固定搭配,意為"詳細(xì)告訴某人"。句意：外交部每周舉行新聞發(fā)布會,詳細(xì)向記者介紹外交的最新發(fā)展。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

26.單選題

Itisverykindofyoutooffer,butanymorepuddingwouldsimplybe（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exceptional

B.excessive

C.abundant

D.ample

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。exceptional"例外的;異常的";excessive"過多的;極度的";abundant"豐富的,多產(chǎn)的";ample"豐富的,足夠的"。句意：你給的剛剛好,再多一點(diǎn)布丁都顯得太過分了。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

27.單選題

WhenMr.Johnswentshoppingatthethriftstore,hewaslookingfora（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.bargain

B.charge

C.gain

D.purchase

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。bargain便宜貨；charge費(fèi)用；gain利潤，收獲；purchase購買的東西。根據(jù)句中的關(guān)鍵詞thethriftstore（舊貨店，二手店）判斷,選項(xiàng)A更符合句意。

28.單選題

Plasticbagsareusefulforholdingmanykindsoffood（）theircleanness,toughnessandlowcost.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.byvirtueof

B.bymeansof

C.atsightof

D.bywayof

【答案】A

【解析】介詞詞義辨析。byvirtueof"由于,憑借";bymeansof"用,依靠";atsightof"一看見";bywayof"經(jīng)由,當(dāng)作"。句意：塑料袋可用來裝各種食品,因?yàn)樗鍧?、耐用又價(jià)廉。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

29.單選題

Anestheticsaresubstances（）todeadenpainorproduceaconditioninwhichsomeorallofthesenses,especiallytouch,stopfunctioningorarereduced.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.diverted

B.enforced

C.exercised

D.administered

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。divert"轉(zhuǎn)移"；enforce"實(shí)施，執(zhí)行"，常指法律的實(shí)施；exercise"運(yùn)動(dòng)，練習(xí)"；administer"管理，作為治療或藥物使用"。句意：麻醉藥是一種用來鎮(zhèn)痛的物質(zhì)，或者使部分或全部感覺，尤其是觸覺，停止運(yùn)行，或降低運(yùn)行。administer可以用來指藥物的實(shí)施。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

30.單選題

Thispaperwillexaminerelevanttheoriesandresearchfindingsconcerninglisteningandsecondlanguageacquisitionandidentifyconditionsthatmay（）listening.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.elevate

B.facilitate

C.stimulate

D.provoke

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。elevate"提升,舉起";facilitate"促進(jìn),幫助";stimulate"刺激,鼓舞,激勵(lì)";provoke"驅(qū)使,激怒,煽動(dòng)"。句意：這篇論文將檢驗(yàn)有關(guān)聽力和第二語言習(xí)得的相關(guān)理論和研究成果,并找出有助于聽力的條件。選項(xiàng)B正確。

31.案例題

Feelingstressedoutlately?Hasthedoctorsaidhecannotfindanythingwrongwithyou?Perhapshesentyoutoahospital,butallthe（1）equipmentthereshowthatthereisnothingwrong.

Thenconsiderthis,youmightbeina（2）ofsub-health.Sub-health,alsocalledthethirdstate,is（3）asaborderlineslatebetweenhealthanddisease.AccordingtoaninvestigationbytheNationalHealthOrganization,over45percentofsubhealthypeoplearemiddle-agedorelderly.Thepercentageisevenhigheramongpeoplewhoworkinmanagement（4）aswellasstudentsaroundexam-time.Thismaybeduetotheirheightened（5）tostress.

Symptomsincludea（6）ofenergy,depression,slowreactions,insomnia,agitationand（7）memory.Othersymptomsincludeshortnessofbreath,sweatingandachinginthewaistandlegs.

Accordingtosomemedicalexperts,the（8）topreventingandrecoveringfromsub-healthistoformgoodlivinghabits.（9）workwithrest,exerciseregularly,andtakepartin（10）airactivitieswillallhelp.

Asformeals,peopleare（11）toeatlesssaltandsugar.Theyshouldalsoeatmorefreshvegetables,fruitsandfishbecausetheyarerichinnutritious（12）,suchasvitamins,whichare（13）tothebody.

Nutritionexpertspointoutthatitisnotgoodtoeattoomuchatonemealbecauseitmaycause（14）changesinthedigestivetract.Theyalsosaythata（15）dietisveryhelpfulinavoidingsub-health.

Directions:Chooseoneappropriatewordfromthefollowingwordbanktofillintheblanksnumberedfrom1to15inthepassagebelow,Changethewordformwherenecessary.Rememberthebankcontainssomeextrawordsthatmaynotbeusedinfillinganyoftheblanks.WritethewordsintheircorrectformswiththecorrespondingnumbersontheAnswerSheet.

position

define

forgetful

fancy

key

balance

importance

unhealthy

lack

subject

open

plenty

exposure

alternate

element

state

require

poor

advise

indispensable

【答案】1.fancy

2.state

3.defined

4.position

5.exposure

6.lack

7.poor

8.key

9.alternate

10.open

11.advised

12.elements

13.indispensable

14.unhealthy

15.balanced

【解析】1.根據(jù)句意可知，這里需要填入一個(gè)形容詞來修飾醫(yī)院的設(shè)備，據(jù)常識推斷，醫(yī)院的設(shè)備都是很昂貴的，fancy有昂貴的意思。

2.這里為固定搭配，astateof指處于某種狀態(tài)，原文指處于亞健康的狀態(tài)。

3.根據(jù)原文可知這里是對亞健康的定義，...被定義為用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，所以這里應(yīng)填入defined。

4.inmanagementposition指在管理崗位上。原文句意：在管理崗位上人員和應(yīng)試的學(xué)生中，這一比例甚至更高。

5.exposureto指暴露，顯露。原文句意：這可能是由于他們更多地暴露于壓力的環(huán)境之下。

6.本句是講亞健康的癥狀，根據(jù)后面的描述可知這里指缺乏活力。alackof為固定搭配。

7.本題與上一題相同，都是亞健康的狀態(tài)，poormemory為常見搭配，指記性差，健忘。

8.根據(jù)句意可知，這里指預(yù)防和恢復(fù)亞健康的關(guān)鍵，thekeyto為固定搭配。

9.根據(jù)句意可知，這里指工作和休息交替進(jìn)行。alternate符合原文。

10.根據(jù)原文可以推測，這里指戶外運(yùn)動(dòng)。openair指露天的，戶外的。

11.advisesB.todosth.建議某人做某事的被動(dòng)表達(dá)為sB.beadvisedtodosth.，所以這里應(yīng)填入被動(dòng)形式。

12.根據(jù)句意可知，這里指水果蔬菜和魚含有豐富的營養(yǎng)元素，比如維他命。元素為可數(shù)名詞，所以要加s.

13.根據(jù)句意可知，維他命是人體必不可少的元素之一。indispensable相對于required要更恰當(dāng)。

14.根據(jù)常識可推斷，吃太多是不好的，因?yàn)樗鼤?dǎo)致消化道產(chǎn)生不健康的變化。所以這里應(yīng)填入unhealthy.

15.根據(jù)下文的helpful可推測，這里指健康的飲食。abalanceddiet為常見用法，意為均衡飲食。

32.單選題

Iamdisgusted（）thewaythecoupletalksabouttheactress'sprivatelife.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.over

B.for

C.at

D.with

【答案】D

【解析】考查介詞搭配。bedisgustedwith為固定搭配,意為"厭惡……,討厭……"。

33.單選題

Whileotherssatathomestudyingpapersonthesubject,Jeffersongotintoaboatandmade（）observations.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.of-the-spot

B.in-the-spot

C.on-the-spot

D.at-the-spot

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配題。on-the-pot指"立即,當(dāng)場"。句意：當(dāng)其他人坐在家里研究這一課題的論文時(shí)，Jefferson上了一艘船并進(jìn)行了現(xiàn)場觀察。

34.單選題

Lastyearourschoolfootballteamwonfour（）games.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.obsessive

B.concessive

C.successive

D.excessive

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析題。obsessive強(qiáng)迫性的，著迷的；concessive讓步的，妥協(xié)的;successive連續(xù)的，接替的；excessive過度的。句意：去年我們學(xué)校足球隊(duì)連續(xù)贏了四場比賽。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

35.寫作題

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed45minutestowriteashortessayofabout300wordsfollowingthepicturegivenbelow:(1)Describethepicture.(2)Giveyouropinion.WritetheessayontheANSWERSHEET(2)only.

【答案】Ascanbeseenfromthepicture,anoldfatherissittingaloneinsofA.Therearetwobirthdaygiftsfromhisoldestsonandsecondson,butnochildrenkeepcompanywiththeoldman.

Thepicturereflectsacommonsocialphenomenonfromanangle—peopletendtocaremoreforthenextgeneration,andregretfully,notafewyoungcouplesneglecttoshowthesameconcernovertheiroldparents,andsomeofthemeventreattheiroldparentsbadly.

Frommypointofview,whatwecandoisstrikeabetterbalancebetweenthetwopoles:thechildrenandtheparents.Torespectandtakegoodcareofoldparentsisourdueresponsibility,whichhasbeenahighlyprizedvirtueamongtheChineseforovertwothousandyears.Ontheonehand,wearesupposedtoplanthetimewisely.Afterspendingmostoftimeonschoolassignmentsandhomework,wecanspendonehourortwoontheInternetaweek.Asahighschoolstudent,toomuchtimespentonlinewillleadtofailureinexams.Busyasweare,weshouldbynomeansneglecttoofferouroldparentsmaterialandemotionalsupports.Ontheotherhand,weareexpectedtoofferhelpstoourparentsratherthanwaitfortheirasking.Moreimportant,weshouldbealwaysreadytotalkwithourparents,whichcaneasetheirmindsandremovestheworries.Onlyinthiswaycanaharmoniousatmospherebecreatedinthefamilylife.Lastly,weshouldalwaysrememberthatwhatyouhavedoneforyouroldparentsisnotonlyarepaymenttothem,butalsoagoodexampletoeducateyourownchildren.

Itisnotdifficultindoingtheseeasythings,orwewilllosethechancetolovethemforever.

36.單選題

Thetwopharmaceuticalcompaniescollaboratedindevelopingnewdrugsto（）thepainofpatientsintheterminalstagesofcancer.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.alleviate

B.confront

C.insulate

D.terminate

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。alleviate"減輕,緩和";confront"勇敢地面對,正視";insulate"使絕緣,使隔離";terminate"結(jié)束,終止"。句意：這兩家制藥公司合作開發(fā)新藥，以減輕癌癥晚期患者的痛苦。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

37.寫作題

Directions:Somepeoplesaythatthebestpreparationforlifeislearningtobecooperative.Otherstaketheoppositeviewandsaythatlearningtobecompetitiveisthebestpreparation,Tellwhichoneyouagreewithandexplainwhy,Pleasewriteanessayofabout300wordsonthisissue.Youshouldgivespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyourposition.WritetheessayontheAnswerSheetonly.

【答案】Whichismoreimportanttoone'ssuccesscooperativeorcompetitive?Forsuchquestions,differentpeoplehavedifferentviews.Butinmyconception,Iguesscooperationismorevitalthancompetitive.

Firstly,cooperationisourhumanbeingsintrinsicmotive.Whenhumanbeingscouldbecalled"humanbeings"whoaredifferentwithanimals,cooperationisoneofthemostimportantfactorsforourevolution.Wehavewiserbrainthananyothercreaturesonthisplanetbecauseweknowhowtoachieveourgoalthroughteamwork.Wecouldsaythatwithoutcooperation,maybewearestillliveinStone-era.

Secondly,inmodernsociety,wearefacingmoreandmoresophisticationinsocialdivisionoflabor.TheTVsetwhichisverycommontoeverybodyofusismadeupofthousandsofsparepartswhichmaybemadeinhundredsoffactory.Thecar,thecomputer,eventhesewingmachineandfruitknifeisverycomplicatedduringthemanufactureprocedure.Similarlyatoneworkshop,asmallmemberteam,evenwifeandhusband,weneedtobecooperativewitheachother.

Thirdly,wemakepreparationforsuccess,wehavetobecooperative.Inmodernmanagementpointsofview,cooperationandinter-dependenceareelites.Wearealwaysemphasizing"synergy"whichmeans1+1morethan2.Cooperationisthematchwhichcouldlightenfire.Cooperationisthekeywhichcouldopenthedoorofsuccess.

However,likeacoinhastwosides,wecannotoverlooktheeffectiveandpositiveinfluenceofcompetition.Cooperation,thencompetition,Ithink,istherightway.

38.單選題

Hewasinextremestateofdistressanddepressionwhenheknewthathehad（）lungcancer.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.extracted

B.contracted

C.abstracted

D.attracted

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配題。contractadisease為固定搭配,意為"感染疾病";extract"提取;搾出",一般與介詞from連用;abstract"提取,摘要";attract"吸引,引起…的注意"。句意：當(dāng)他知道自己得了肺癌時(shí)，他極度痛苦和沮喪。

39.單選題

Awayfromtheirprofession,scientistsareinherentlynomorehonestorethicalthanotherpeople.Butintheirprofessiontheyworkina