跨文化交際課件!11

大學(xué)英語(yǔ)

跨文化交際Chapter9InterculturalAdaptationPreservationofone'sownculturedoesnotrequirecontemptordisrespectforothercultures.—CesarChavezAnidiomLearningobjectives:Inthischapter,studentswilllearnhowto:Understandthedefinitionand

modesofacculturation,aswellasthefactorsaffectingacculturationMasterthedefinition,symptoms,formsandeffectsofcultureshockComprehendthedefinitionandstagesofinterculturaladaptation,whichincludestheU-curveandW-curvepatterns.DistinguishcultureshockandinterculturaladaptationDevelopsomestrategiesforavoidingcultureshockandengagingininterculturaladaptationChapterOutlineInterculturalAdaptationAcculturationCultureshockInterculturalAdaptationDefinitionStagesU-CurvePattern

W-CurvePatternStrategiesfor:

Definition

ModesFactorsSymptomsFormsEffectsAvoidingCultureshockEngaginginInterculturalAdaptationLead-incase:

Doubts1.WhydoesWuLianatfirstfeelproudbutlaterdepressed?2.Whatcauseshersomanytroubles?3.IfyouwereWuLian,wouldyoualsofeelthesamewayandhowwouldyoudealwiththeproblems?TextA:Acculturation▲Pre-readingTask:Ifyougoabroadnow,whatkindsofsituationswillyoubeinandwhatkindsofrelationshipscanyoudevelopwithpeopleofthatculture?Pleaselistsomepossibleresults:PositiveNegativePossibleResults

Acculturation（文化適應(yīng)）referstoanindividual’slearningandadoptingthenormsandvaluesofthenewhostculture.

Thedefinitionofacculturation

2.Modesofacculturation

a.

Assimilationb.

Integrationc.

Separationandsegregationd.

Marginalization(邊緣化)isaprocessinwhichmembersofanethnicgroupareabsorbedintothedominantculture,losingtheircultureintheprocess.isaprocessofdesiringahighlevelofinteractionwiththehostculturewhilemaintainingidentitywiththeirnativeculture.Marginalizationoccurswhentheindividualchoosesnottoidentifywithhisorhernativecultureorwiththehostculture.Separationiswhenindividualspreferlowlevelsofinteractionwiththehostcultureandassociatedmicroculturalgroupswhiledesiringacloseconnectionwith,andreaffirmationof,theirnativeculture.Ifsuchseparationisinitiatedandenforcedbythedominantsociety,thisiscalledsegregationChapter2CulturalDynamicsTheProcessofAcculturation

Home

New

Separation

Assimilation

MarginalizationSegregation

IntegrationFactorsAffectingAcculturationCommunicationHostEnvironmentPredispositionPersonalCommunicationSocialCommunicationHostReceptivityHostConformityPressureEthnicGroupStrengthPreparednessEthnicityPersonality3.FactorsAffectingAcculturation▲Pre-readingTask:Haveyoueverexperiencedanystrangesituations?Whatwereyourresponses?Tellthemtoyourgroupmembersanddiscusswhyyouhadcertainfeelingsorresponsestowardsthesesituations.

Itreferstothetraumaticexperiencethatanindividualmayencounterwhenenteringadifferentculture.CultureshockTextB:

CultureShockCultureShock1.Symptomsofcultureshock

physicalsymptomsb.psychologicalsymptomsChapter2CulturalDynamicsa.physicalsymptomsPhysicalsymptomsareover-concernaboutcleanlinessoffood,bedding,anddishes,extremestressonhealthandsafety;fearorphysicalcontactwithanyoneinthenewcountry;greatconcernoverminorpainsandskineruptions;craving“homecooking”;useofalcoholanddrugs;andadeclineinworkquality.Chapter2CulturalDynamicsHomecooking

AlcoholDrug

b.psychological

symptoms

Psychologicalsymptomsareinsomnia,fatigue,isolationandloneliness,disorientation,frustration,criticismofnewcountry,depression,nervousness,self-doubt,irritability,anger,andemotionalandintellectualwithdrawal.Insomnia

Fatigue

Disorientation

Depression

Nervousness

2.Formsofcultureshock

LanguageshockRoleshockTransitionshockCulturalFatigueEducationShockAdjustmentStressCultureDistancea.LanguageShock

Languageshockoccurswhenweareunfamiliarwiththehostlanguage.Manysociorelationalcueslieinthedomainofhumanlanguage.Ifwedonotunderstandthelanguage,welosetheabilitytoadjustourselvestothenewsymbolicenvironment.b.RoleShock Roleshockreferstothefeelingoflossofpersonalstatusinanambiguousnewenvironmentinwhichwemakeeffortstoswitchourroleinordertofitandfunctionwellinthehostculture.c.Transitionshock

Transitionshockisusedtodescribethedistressweexperiencewhentryingtocopewiththemultitudeofchangesrequiredbythehostculture.Itissimilartothestateoflosingaclosefamilymember,divorce,orgeographicrelocation.

d.Culturefatigue

Culturefatigueisusedtodescribethephysicalandpsychologicaldiscomfortsexperiencedbysojournerstryingtoadapttoanewculture.e.Educationshock

Educationshockisfrequentlyusedtodescribewhathappenstointernationalstudentswhotrytoadaptthemselvestoacademiclife,especiallywhenthelearningsituationisnewanddistressing.f.Adjustmentstress

Adjustmentstressisatermusedtoindicatebodilyphysicaltensionthatsignalsaperson’sreadinesstofacethechallengesofthenewculturalenvironment.g.Culturedistance

Culturedistancereferstothedistancebetweenasojourner’scultureandthehostcultureandsignalsthedegreeofalienation,estrangement,andpsychologicaldistressthesojournerfeelsasaresult.3.Effectsofcultureshock

PhysicalSymptomsPsychologicalSymptomsCultureShockTextC:

InterculturalAdaptation▲Pre-readingTask:

Consultsomeonefromyourculturewhohasbeenlivinginanothercultureforarelativelylong

periodoftime.Askhim/hertotellyouhis/herfeelingsandexperienceswhenhe/shewasinthatculture.DefinitionofinterculturaladaptationStagesofinterculturaladaptation

Interculturaladaptationrefersbroadlytotheprocessofincreasingourleveloffitnesstomeetthedemandsofanewculturalenvironment.

1.Definition

2.StagesofInterculturalAdaptation

U-curvePatternHoneymoonPeriodCrisisPeriodAdjustmentPeriodBiculturalismPeriodW-curvePattern

reversecultureshockActivity:QuizImaginethatyouaregoingtoalargeurbanAmericanuniversityforgraduatestudy.Toevaluateyouradaptationpotential,rateyourselfontheadaptationchecklist.Giveyourselfascoreforeachitemaccordingtothefollowingscale:1.Poor2.Notasgoodasmostpeople3.Average4.Betterthanmostpeople5.ExcellentAdaptationChecklist

Totalscore

BackgroundandPreparation

Age—youthisanadvantage

Education—thehigherthebetter

Urbanbackground—citydwellersdobetterthanruralresidents

Highlevelofprofessionalskill

Generalknowledgeofthenewculture,itshistory,customarts,etc.

Specificknowledgeofthenewsituation;city,university,etc.

Oralandwrittenfluencyinthelanguageofnewculture

Previousout-of-cultureexperiences

SimilarityofhomeculturetonewculturePersonalityfactors

Tendstobeacceptingofdifferentwaysofdoingthings

Likestomeetnewpeopleanddonewthings

Stayscalmindifficultsituations

Paysattentiontopeopleandnotjusttotasks

Cantolerateambiguousoruncertainsituations

Hasasenseofhumor

Strongbutflexibleincharacter

Willingtotakerisks;nottooconcernedaboutsocialandpsychologicalsecurityAttitudesandmotivation

Voluntarilychoosestobeincontactwiththenewculture

Attractedtothenewsituationratherthanescapingproblemsathome

Admirationandrespectforthenewculture

Nosensethatoneculturessuperiororinferiortoanother

Fewstereotypes(inaccuratebroadgeneralizations)aboutthenewcultureHealth

Robustgoodhealth

Goodhealthhabits

HighenergylevelTextD:Strategiesfor

AvoidingCultureShockand

EngaginginInterculturalAdaptation

▲Pre-readingTask:

Pleaserole-playthefollowingscenario:AisanAmericanstudentwhocomestoChi