英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言學(xué)試卷精粹(10套題)

1、第一部分選擇題Directions:Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,CorDinthebrackets.(2%x10=20%)1、Asmodernlinguisticsaimstodescribeandanalyzethelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,andnottolaydownrulesforcorrectlinguisticbehavior,itissaidtobe_.

2、A、prescriptiveB、sociolinguisticC、descriptiveD、psycholinguistic2、Ofallthespeechorgans,the_is/arethemostflexible.A、mouthB、lipsC、tongueD、vocalcords3、Themorphemevisioninthecommonwordtelevisionisa(n)_.A、boundmorphemeB、boundformC、inflectionalmorphemeD、freemorpheme4、A_intheembeddedclausereferstotheintroduc

3、torywordthatintroducestheembeddedclause.A、coordinatorB、particleC、prepositionD、subordinator主從連詞5、CanIborrowyourbike?_Youhaveabike.A、issynonymouswithB、isinconsistentwithC、entailsD、presupposes6、ThebranchoflinguisticsthatstudieshowcontextinfluencesthewayspeakersinterpretsentencesiscalledA、semanticsB、pra

4、gmaticsC、sociolinguisticsD、psycholinguistics7、Grammaticalchangesmaybeexplained,inpart,asanalogicchanges,whichare_orgeneralization泛化.A、elaborationB、simplification精簡(jiǎn)C、externalborrowingD、internalborrowing8、_referstoamarginallanguageoffewlexicalitemsandstraightforwardgrammaticalrules,usedasamediumofcomm

5、unication.A、Linguafranca通用語(yǔ)B、CreoleC、PidginD、Standardlanguage標(biāo)準(zhǔn)語(yǔ)言9、Psychologists,neurologistsandlinguistshaveconcludedthat,inadditiontothemotorareawhichisresponsibleforphysicalarticulationofutterances,threeareasoftheleftbrainarevitaltolanguage,namely,_A、Brocasarea,Wernickesareaandtheangulargyrus角回B、

6、Brocasarea,WernickesareaandcerebralcortexC、Brocasarea,WernickesareaandneuronsD、Brocasarea,WernickesareaandExnersarea10、AccordingtoKrashen,_referstothegradualandsubconciousdevelopmentofabilityinthefirstlanguagebyusingitnaturallyindailycommunicativesituations.A、learningB、competenceC、performanceD、acqui

7、sition第二部分非選擇題Directions:Fillintheblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinOnewordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.(1%x10=10%)11、Chomskydefinescompetenceastheidealuserskoftherulesofhislanguage.12、Thefoursounds/p/,/b

8、/,/m/and/w/haveonefeatureincommon,i.e,theyareallb.13、Misabranchofgrammarwhichstudiestheinternalstructureofwordsandtherulesbywhichwordsareformed.14、Asisastructurallyindependentunitthatusuallycomprisesanumberofwordstoformacompletestatement,questionorcommand.15、Synonymsthataremutuallysubstitutableunder

9、allcircumstancesarecalledcsynonyms.16、Theillocutionarypointofristocommitthespeakertosomethingsbeingthecase,tothetruthofwhathasbeensaid.17、Wordsarecreatedoutrighttofitsomepurpose.Suchamethodofenlargingthevocabularyisknownaswordc.18、Whereverthestandardlanguagecanuseacontraction(he+isfhes),BlackEnglish

10、candtheformofbe.19、Thebasicessentialsofthefirstlanguageareacquiredintheshortperiodfromaboutagetwotopuberty,whichiscalledthecperiodforfirstlanguageacquisition.20、Asatypeoflinguisticsystemin12learning,iisaproductofL2training,mothertongueintereference,overgeneralizationofthetargetlanguagerules,andlearn

11、ingandcommunicativestrategiesofthelearner.Directions:Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.PutaTfortrueorFforfalseinthebracketsinfrontofeachstatement.Ifyouthinkastatementisfalse,youmustexplainwhyyouthinksoandgivethecorrectversion(2%x10=20%)()21、Inmodernlinguisticstudies,thewrittenfor

12、moflanguageisgivenmoreemphasisthanthespokenformforanumberofreasons.()22、VoicingisaphonologicalfeaturethatdistinguishesmeaninginbothChineseandEnglish.()23、Thecompoundwordbookstoreistheplacewherebooksaresold.Thisindicatesthatthemeaningofacompoundisthesumtotalofthemeaningsofitscomponents.()24、Syntactic

13、categoriesrefertosentences(S)andclauses(C)only.()25、DialectalsynonymscanoftenbefoundindifferentregionaldialectssuchasBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishbutcannotbefoundwithinthevarietyitself,forexample,withinBritishEnglishorAmericanEnglish.()26、OnlywhenamaximunderCooperativePrincipleisblatantlyviolated

14、andthehearerknowsthatitisbeingviolateddoconversationalimplicaturesarise.()27、TheterritoryinwhichtheIndo-EuropeanlanguagesaremainlyspokentodayalsoincludeslanguagesthatarenotIndo-European.()28、Inmostbilingualcommunities,twolanguageshavethesameinspeechsituationsknownasdomains.()29、Accordingtothestrongv

15、ersionoftheSapir-Whorfhypothesis,speakersperceptionsdeterminelanguageandpatterntheirwayoflife.()30、Allnormalchildrenhaveequalabilitytoacquiretheirfirstlanguage.Directions:Explainthefollowingterms,usingoneortwoexamplesforillustration.(3%x10=30%)31、duality32、diachroniclinguistics33、broadtranscription3

16、4、morphologicalrules35、phrasestructurerule36、relationalopposites37、componentialanalysis38、context39、euphemism40、brainlateralizationAnswerthefollowingquestions.(10%x2=20%)41、Explainhowtheinventoryofsoundscanchange,givingsomeexamplesinEnglishforillustration.42、Brieflydiscusstheindividualfactorswhichaf

17、fecttheacquisitionofasecondlanguage.英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言學(xué)試題(2)一、單項(xiàng)選擇題(在每小題的四個(gè)備選答案中，選出一個(gè)正確答案，并將正確答案的序號(hào)填在題干的括號(hào)內(nèi)。每小題2分共20分)Thepairofwords“l(fā)end”and“borrow”are_.()gradableoppositesB.relationaloppositesC.co-hyponymsD.synonymsThediscoveryofIndo-EuropeanlanguagefamilybeganwiththeworkoftheBritishscholar.()JacobGrimmB.Rasmus

18、RaskC.FranzBoppD.SirWilliamJonesAlinguistregardsthechangesinlanguageandlanguageuseas_.()A.unusualB.somethingtobefearedC.abnormalD.natural_producefastandfluentspeechwithgoodintonationandpronunciationbutthecontentoftheirspeechrangesfrommildlyinappropriatetocompletenonsense,oftenasunintelligible.()A.Br

19、ocasaphasicB.ThelinguisticdeprivationC.ThedamageontheangulargyrusD.Wernickesaphasic5.SomeSouthernlearnersofEnglishinChinatendtosay“night”as“l(fā)ight”.Thisshows:.()A.Theycannotpronounce/n/Interlangueinterferencebecausethereisnotthesound/n/intheirmothertongueTheteachersdonothaveagoodteachingmethodTheydon

20、otliketopronouncenasalsoundsAwordwithseveralmeaningsiscalled_word.()A.apolysemousB.asynonymousC.anabnormalD.amultipleThefunctionofthesentence“Aniceday,isntit?”is_.()A.informativeB.phaticC.directiveD.performativeThemostrecognizabledifferencesbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglisharein_andvocabulary.

21、()A.usageB.grammarC.pronunciationD.structure_dealswiththewayinwhichalanguagevariesthroughgeographicalspace.()A.LinguisticgeographyB.LexicologyC.LexicographyD.SociolinguisticsThesemanticcomponentsoftheword“gentleman”canbeexpressedas_.()A.+animate,+male,+human,-adult+animate,+male,+human,+adult+animat

22、e,-male,+human,-adultD.+animate,-male,+human,+adult、填空題（每空1分，共10分）Asentenceisastructurallyindependentunitthatusuallycomprisesanumberofwtoformacompletestatement,qorcommand.12.Insociolinguisticstudies,speakersaretreatedasmembersofs_g.Utteranceisbasedon;itistherealizationoftheabstractmeaningofasentence

23、inarealsituationofcommunication,orsimplyinacontext.Tomanypeople,alinguististhesameasa,onewhocanspeakseverallanguagesfluently.Consonantsoundscanbeeithervorv_,whileallvowelsoundsarev.三、判斷說(shuō)明題（判斷下列各小題，正確的在題后括號(hào)內(nèi)寫(xiě)“T”，錯(cuò)的寫(xiě)“F”，并說(shuō)明理由。每小題2分，共20分）Allwordsmaybesaidtocontainarootmorpheme.()Tenseandreferencearetwo

24、termsoftenencounteredinthestudyofmeaning.()Linguisticsisthecourseoflanguage.()Thepartofasentencewhichcompriesecomprisesaninfiniteverboraverbphraseisgrammaticallycalledpredicate.()Historicallinguisticsequalstothestudyofsynchronicstudy.()Thetermdialect,asatechnicalterminlinguistics,carriesvaluejudgeme

25、ntandnotsimplyreferstoadistinctformoflanguage.()Morphologyistranslatedas形態(tài)學(xué)。()Theword“photographically”ismadeupof4morphemes.()Thesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguageisallomorph.()25.Semanticsisthemainpartoflinguistics.()四、名詞解釋(每小題3分，共30分)generallinguisticssuprasegmentalfeaturesrootandstemhierarchicalstr

26、ucturenamingtheoryandconceptualistviewmaximsofqualityandmannerblendingsociolectsubvocalspeechcontrastiveanalysis五、論述題（每小題10分，共20分）Paraphraseeachofthefollowingsentencesintwodifferentwaystoshowthesyntacticrulesaccountfortheambiguityofsentences.Theshootingofthehuntersmightbeterrible.Hesawyoungmenandwom

27、enpresent.Theyweresurprisedatthepresidentsappointment.Decidethemeaningofthefollowingaffixesandgiveeachaffixtwoexamples.reun-anti-super-wise-itis-ize-age英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言學(xué)試題(3)第一部分選擇題IDirections:ReadeachofthefollowingstatementscarefullyDecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,CorD

28、inthebrackets(2%x10=20%)ThefactthatdifferentlanguageshavedifferentwordsforthesameobjectisgoodproofthathumanlanguageisA.arbitraryB.non-arbitraryC.logicalD.non-productiveAIIthebackvowelsinEnglisharepronouncedwithTOC o 1-5 h zrounded-lips,i.e.rounded,EXCEPT.A.CT；B.u：C.土DyThelevelofsyntacticrepresentati

29、onthatexistsbeforemovementtakesplaceiscommonlytermedthe.A.phrasestructureB.surfacestructureC.syntacticstructureD.deepstructureThetheoryofaccountsforthefactthatnounphrasesappearonlyinsubjectandobjectpositions.A.CaseConditionB.AdjacentConditionC.parameterD.AdjacentparametersC.parameterD.Adjacentparame

30、tersThephenomenonthatwordshavingdifferentmeaningshavethesameformiscalled.A.polysemyB.hyponymyC.antonymyD.homonymyTheutteranceWerealreadyworking25hoursaday,eightdaysaweek.obviouslyviolatesthemaximofA.qualityB.quantityC.relationD.manner7.Infirstlanguageacquisitionchildrenusuallygrammaticalrulesfromthe

31、linguisticinformationtheyhear.A.useB.acceptC.generalizeD.reconstruct8.Standardizationknownasisnecessaryinordertofacilitatecommunications.A.languageinterpretationB.languageidentificationC.languagechoiceD.languageplanningC.languagechoiceD.languageplanningWhichofthefollowingchoicesisnotthekeybiological

32、basisforhumanlanguageacquisition?A.CerebralcortexB.NeuronsC.EyesD.AngulargyrusBasicallyallthefollowingcategoriesexceptarealwaysmissinginthechildrenstelegraphicspeechstage.A.thecopulaverbbeB.inflectionalmorphemesC.functionwordsD.contentwords第二部分非選擇題IIDirections:Fillintheblankineachofthefollowingstate

33、mentswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinONEwordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.(1%x10=10%)Languageexistsintimeandchangesthroughtime.Thedescriptionofalanguageatsomepointoftimeiscalleda_sstudyoflanguage.Anessentialdifferencebetweenconsonantsandv

34、owelsiswhethertheaircomingupfromthelungsmeetswithany_owhenasoundisproduced.Themorphemesthatcannotbeusedbythemselves,butmustbecombinedwithothermorphemestoformwordsarecalled_bmorphemes.XPmaycontainmorethanjustX.Forexample,theNPtheboywholikeshispuppyconsistsofDet,NandS,withDetbeingthe_s,NtheheadandSthe

35、complement.AccordingtoSearlesclassificationofillocutionaryacts,tosuggestthatsomeoneshouldseethedoctorshouldfallintothecategoryof_d.Hyponymyistherelationshipwhichobtainsbetweenspecificandgenerallexicalitems.Thewordthatismoregeneralinmeaningiscalled_s.Vowelscanbenasalized.Thevowelnasalizationruleisan_

36、arule,which,forthemostpart,iscausedbyarticulatoryorphysiologicalprocessinwhichsuccessivesoundsaremadeidentical,ormoresimilar,tooneanother.18.Onemarkofaninformalstyleisthefrequentoccurrenceof_swordsandexpressions,whichmakesenseonlytothepeopleofparticularsocialgroupsandserveasamarkofmembershipandsolid

37、aritywithinagivensocialgroup.Thebrainisdividedintotworoughlysymmetricalhalves,called_h,oneontherightandoneontheleft.Linguistsoftenusethetermnativelanguageormothertongueinsteadoffirstlanguage,and_tlanguageinsteadofsecondlanguageinsecondlanguageacquisitionliterature.Directions:Judgewhethereachofthefol

38、lowingstatementsistrueorfalse.PutaTfortrueorFforfalseinthebracketsinfrontofeachstatement.Ifyouthinkastatementisfalse,youmustexplainwhyyouthinksoandgivethecorrectversion(2%x10=20%)()Humancapacityforlanguagehasageneticbasis,i.e.weareallbornwiththeabilitytoacquirelanguageandthedetailsofalanguagesystema

39、regeneticallytransmitted.()Ageneraldifferencebetweenphoneticsandphonologyisthatphoneticsisfocusedontheproductionofspeechsoundswhilephonologyismoreconcernedwithhowspeechsoundsdistinguishmeaning.()Onlywordsofthesamepartsofspeechcanbecombinedtoformcompounds.()Sentencesarenotformedbyrandomlycombininglex

40、icalitems,butbyfollowingasetofsyntacticrulesthatarrangelinguisticelementsinaparticularorder.()Thesamesemanticfeatureoccursinonepartofspeechonly.Forexample,femaleoccursonlyinnounssuchasmother,womangirltigressandsoonbutnotinotherpartsofspeech.()AccordingtoSearlesclassificationofillocutionaryacts,invit

41、ing,ordering,advising,promisingandapologizingallfallintothecategoryofdirectives.()Newwordsmaybeformedfromexistingwordsbysubtractinganaffixthoughttobepartoftheoldword;thatis,ignorancesometimescanbecreative.Thuspeddlewasderivedfrompeddleronthemistakenassumptionthatthe-erwastheagentivesuffix.()WomeninW

42、esterncountriesatleastappeartobemorestatus-consciousandsensitivetothesocialsignificanceofcertainlinguisticvariables.()ThecaseofGenieconfirmsthatthelanguagefacultyofanaveragehumandegeneratesafterthecriticalperiodandconsequently,mostlinguisticskillscannotdevelop.()Consciousknowledgeoflinguisticrulesdo

43、esensureacquisitionoftherulesandthereforeanimmediateguidanceforactualperformance.WDirections:Explainthefollowingterms,usingoneortwoexamplesforillustration.(3%x10=30%)erlanguageVAnswerthefollowingquestions(10%x2=20%)41.Explainwithexamplesthethreenotionsofphone,phonemeandallophone,andalsohowtheyarerel

44、ated.英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言學(xué)試題(5)一、單項(xiàng)選擇題(在每小題的四個(gè)備選答案中，選出一個(gè)正確答案，并將正確答案的序號(hào)填在題干的括號(hào)內(nèi)。每小題2分，共20分)1.Thedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisa()study.A.comparativeC.up-to-dateB.diachronicD.descriptive2.Ofthethreebranchesofphonetics,thelongestestablished,anduntilrecentlythemosthighlydeveloped,is(A.auditoryC.articula

45、tory)phonetics.B.acousticD.noneoftheabovethreeWhattheelement-esindicatesisthirdpersonsingular,presenttense,theelement-edpasttense,and-ingprogressiveaspect.Sincetheyarethesmallestunitoflanguageandmeaningful,theyarealso().A.phonemesB.morphemesC.allophonesD.phonesSinceearly1980sNoamChomskyandothergener

46、atvielinguistsproposedanddevelopedatheoryofuniversalgrammarknownasthe()theory.A.speechactB.TGC.principles-and-parametersD.minimalistprogrammeOnewaytoanalyzelexicalmeaningis().A.predicationanalysisB.stylisticanalysisC.componentialanalysisD.propositionanalysisOfthethreespeechacts,linguistsaremostinter

47、estedinthe()becausethiskindofspeechactisidenticalwiththespeakersintention.A.locutionaryactB.illocutionaryactC.perlocutionaryactD.constativeactThediscoveryofIndo-EuropeanlanguagefamilybeganwiththeworkoftheBritishscholar().A.SirWilliamJonesB.JohnFirthC.M.A.K.HallidayD.F.D.SaussureAbilingualspeakerofte

48、nusestwolanguagesalternativelyduringaconversationwithanotherbilingualspeaker,aspeechsituationknownas().A.discourserole-switchingB.activityrole-switchingC.socialrole-switchingD.code-switchingAfocalpointofSLAresearchhasbeenthenatureanddevelopmentofL2learners().A.secondlanguageB.firstlanguageC.foreignl

49、anguageD.interlanguageItisestimatedthatthenumberofbasicwordsknownbyEnglish-speakingschoolchildrenofagesixisaround().A.7800B.6800C.5800D.4800二、填空題(每小題1分，共10分)Thedescriptionofalanguageatsomepointintimeisasstudy.Whenpitch,stressandsoundlengtharetiedtothesentenceratherthanthewordinisolation,theyarecolle

50、ctivelyknownasi.Accordingtoitspositioninthenewword,aaredividedintotwokinds:prefixesandsuffixes.Preferstothephenomenonthatthesamewordmayhaveasetofdifferentmeanings.Whetherasentenceissemanticallymeaningfulisgovernedbyrulescalledsrestrictions.Theumeaningofthesentencevarieswiththecontextinwhichitisutter

51、ed.Someimportantmissionsofhistoricallinguistsaretoidentifyandclassifyfamiliesofrelatedlanguagesinagenealogicalfamilytree,andtoreconstructthep,theoriginalformofalanguagefamilythathasceasedtoexist.Rarelanguagevarietiesappropriateforuseinparticularspeechsituations.LearnerswillsubconsciouslyusetheirL1kn

52、owledgeinlearningasecondlanguage.Thisisknownaslanguaget.ArelatedissuewithintegrativemotivationhasbeentheextenttowhichlearnersdifferintheprocessofadaptingtothenewcultureoftheL2community.Thisadaptationprocessiscalleda.三、判斷說(shuō)明題（判斷下列各題，正確的在題干后面的括號(hào)內(nèi)填“T”錯(cuò)誤的填“F”，并說(shuō)明理由。每小題2分，共20分)Modernlinguisticsismainlydia

53、chronic.()Theassimilationruleassimilatesonesoundtoanotherby“copying”afeatureofasequentialphoneme,thusmakingthetwophonessimilar.()Semantically,themeaningofacompoundisoftenidiomatic,alwaysbeingthesumtotalofthemeaningsofitscomponents.()Syntacticmovementisdictatedbyrulestraditionallycalledtransformation

54、alrules,whoseoperationmaychangethesyntacticrepresentationofasentence.()Componentialanalysisisawayproposedbythegenerativesemanticiststoanalyzemeaning.()Linguistsfoundthatitwouldbepossibletogiveanadequatedescriptionofmeaningevenifthecontextoflanguageusewasleftunconsidered.()Itisgenerallyacceptedthatth

55、ehistoryoftheEnglishlanguageisdividedintotheperiodsofOldEnglish,MiddleEnglishandModernEnglish.()Whenpeopleofacommunityspeakthesamelanguagefordifferentpurposes,sociolinguisticsituationsknownasdiglossiaandbilingualismemerge.()Linguisticlateralizationintermsofrighthemisphericdominanceforlanguageisfound

56、toexistinanoverwhelmingmajorityofhumanbeings.()Inordertoidentifytheareasoflearningdifficulty,aninterlingualcontrastiveprocedureContrastiveAnalysiswasdeveloped.()四、名詞解釋(每小題3分，共30分)competenceandperformanceminimalpairmorphologyfiniteclausesenseandreferenceCooperativePegrativemotivation五、論述題（第41、42小題各7分

57、，第43小題6分，共20分）Underwhatconditionswilltwosoundsbeassignedtothesamephoneme?Forthefollowingsentence,drawatreediagramtorevealitsunderlyingstructure.Thegirlatetheorange.StudythepassagetakenfromShakespearesHAMLETbelowcarefullyandidentifyeverydifferenceinexpressionbetweenElizabethanandModernEnglishthatisev

58、ident.King:WhereisPolonius?Hamlet:Inheaven,Sendthithertosee.Ifyourmessengerfindhimnotthere,seekhimitheotherplaceyourself.Butindeed,ifyoufindhimnotwithinthismonth,youshallnosehimasyougoupthestairsintothelobby.ActIV,Sceneiii英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言學(xué)試題（6）.Directions:Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.Decidewhichone

59、ofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,CorDinthebrackets(2%x10=20%)Chomskyusestheterm()torefertotheactualrealizationofalanguageusersknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguageinlinguisticcommunication.A.langueB.competenceC.paroleD.performance2.Intermsoftheplaceofarticulation,thefollowingso

60、undstdsznsharethefeatureof().A.palatalB.alveolarC.bilabialD.dentalTransformationalGenerativeGrammarwasintroducedby()in1957.A.L.BloomfieldB.F.SaussureC.N.ChomskyD.M.A.K.HallidayNaturallanguagesareviewedtovaryaccordingto()setonUGprinciplestoparticularvalues.A.AdjacentConditionB.parametersC.CaseConditi