2022年考研考博-考博英語-西南交通大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號30

1、住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-西南交通大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題（ ）man can now create radioactive elements, there is nothing he can do to reduce their radioactivity.問題1選項A.AsB.WhetherC.WhileD.Now that【答案】C【解析】句意:雖然人類現(xiàn)在可以制造出放射性元素，但無法降低這些元素的放射性?？疾檫B詞辨析。前半句句意為:人類現(xiàn)在可以制造出放射性元素，后半句句意為:

2、無法降低這些元素的放射性。由此可見，前后為轉折對比的關系，因此C項“雖然，盡管”正確。2.單選題He asked me to lend him some money, which I agreed to do, （ ）that he paid me back the following week.問題1選項A.on occasionB.on purposeC.on conditionD.only if【答案】C【解析】句意:他要我借給他一些錢，我答應了，但條件是他下星期還錢?？疾槎陶Z辨析。on occasion 偶爾，有時；on purpose 故意；on condition 在條件下，如果；

3、only if 只要，只有?？崭袼诰湔f的是借錢的條件，因此C項正確。3.單選題Most nurses are women, but in the higher ranks of the medical profession men are in the（ ）.問題1選項A.minorityB.majorityC.shortageD.substitute【答案】B【解析】句意:大多數(shù)護士是女性，但在醫(yī)療行業(yè)中，男性占多數(shù)。考查名詞辨析。minority 少數(shù)民族；少數(shù)派:majority 多數(shù)；成年; shortage 缺乏；缺少；不足；substitute 代用品；代替者。后半句用了轉折連詞

4、but，因此B項符合句意。4.單選題（ ）all our kindness to help her, Sara refused to listen.問題1選項A.AtB.InC.ForD.On【答案】C【解析】句意:盡管我們好意要幫助Sara，但她不肯聽從我們?？疾槎陶Z辨析。At all（否定）根本，究竟；in all總共，合計；for all 盡管，雖然；沒有on all的搭配用法。根據(jù)后半句句意 “但她不肯聽從我們”可知C項正確。5.單選題The younger persons attraction to stereos cannot be explained only（ ）familia

5、rity with technology.問題1選項A.in quest ofB.by means ofC.in terms ofD.by virtue of【答案】C【解析】句意:年輕人對立體音響的偏愛不能僅僅用對技術的熟悉來解釋考查短語辨析。in quest of 探尋；尋求；by means of 用；憑借；in terms of依據(jù)；在方面；從角度來；by virtue of 由于；憑借。因此C項符合句意。6.單選題When I was still an architecture student, a teacher told me, We learn more from buildi

6、ngs that fall down than from buildings that stand up. What he meant was that construction is as much the result of experience as of theory. Although structural design follows established formulas, the actual performance of a building is complicated by the passage of time, the behavior of users, the

7、natural elements and unnatural events. All are difficult to simulate. Buildings, unlike cars, cant be crash-tested.The first important lesson of the World Trade Center collapse is that tall buildings can withstand the impact of a large jetliner. The twin towers were supported by 59 perimeter columns

8、 on each side. Although about 30 of these columns, extending from four to six floors, were destroyed in each building by the impact, initially both towers remained standing. Even so, the death toll was appalling 2,235 people lost their lives.I was once asked how tall buildings should be designed giv

9、en what wed learned from the world Trade Center collapse. My answer was, Lower, The question of when a tall building becomes unsafe is easy to answer. Common aerial fire-fighting ladders in use today are 100 feet high and can reach to about the 10th floor, so fires in buildings up to 10 stories high

10、 can be fought from the exterior. Fighting fires and evacuating occupants above that height depend on fire stairs.The taller the building, the longer it will take for firefighters to climb to the scene of the fire. So the simple answer to the safety question is Lower than 10 stories.Then why dont ci

11、ties impose lower height limits? A 60-story office building does not have six times as much rentable space as a 10-story building. However, all things being equal, such a building will produce four times more revenue and four times more in property taxes. So cutting building heights would mean cutti

12、ng city budgets.The most important lesson of the World Trade Center collapse is not that we should stop building tall buildings but that we have misjudged their cost. We did the same thing when we underestimated the cost of hurtling along a highway in a steel box at 70 miles per hour. It took many y

13、ears before seat belts, air bags, radial tires, and antilock brakes became commonplace. At first, cars simply were too slow to warrant concern. Later, manufacturers resisted these expensive devices, arguing that consumers would not pay for safety. Now we do willingly.1.The first paragraph tells us t

14、hat （ ）.2.What can we learn from the WTC collapse?3.Ideally, the policy in city construction should be（ ）.4.Why are there still high buildings, or even skyscrapers in many cities?5.What is the most important lesson of the WTC collapse?問題1選項A.architecture is something more out of experience than out

15、of theoryB.architecture depends just as much on experience as on theoryC.it is safer for people to live in old buildingsD.we learn not so much from our failure as from our success問題2選項A.Despite the two strong buildings, the death toll was still very shocking.B.The structure of the two buildings was

16、of the first class.C.The structure of the two buildings was not so strong as people had expectedD.The structure of the two buildings was strong enough to withstand any accidents.問題3選項A.lower than ten storiesB.the lower, the betterC.the higher, the betterD.higher than ten stories問題4選項A.Because they a

17、re the symbol of modern times.B.Because many cities now lack building space.C.Because they are an important financial source of a citys budget.D.Because they represent the level of a countrys science and technology.問題5選項A.We should wear seat belts while driving.B.We should build low buildings just a

18、s we should drive slowly.C.We should make tall buildings illegal.D.We should pay for safety while constructing tall buildings.【答案】第1題:B第2題:A第3題:A第4題:C第5題:D【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。第一段第二句指出:What he meant was that construction is as much the result of experience as of theory (他的意思是建筑物既是經驗的結果，也是理論的結果)。由此可知B項“建筑不僅

19、依賴于理論，也依賴于經驗”正確。第2題:判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞WTC collapse定位至第二段: Even so, the death toll was appalling 2,235 people lost their lives (即使（兩座建筑物沒有倒塌），付出的傷亡代價卻是驚人的2235人失去了生命)。由此推斷A項“盡管兩座建筑物很牢固，但付出的傷亡代價卻是驚人的”正確。第3題:事實細節(jié)題。第三段指出: So the simple answer to the safety question is “Lower than 10 stories.”(所以安全問題的簡單答案是“低于1

20、0層樓”)。因此A選項“低于十層”正確。第4題:事實細節(jié)題。第四段指出: So cutting building heights would mean cutting city budgets (因此削減樓層高度等于削減城市預算)。因此在許多城市里還有高樓大廈，甚至摩天大樓是因為“它們是城市預算的重要財政來源”。答案為C。第5題:判斷推理題。最后一段提到從世貿中心倒塌事件得到的一個重要經驗: Later, manufacturers resisted these expensive devices, arguing that consumers would not pay for safety

21、. Now we do willingly (之后，廠商拒絕使用這些昂貴的設施，認為消費者不會為安全買單。 但是現(xiàn)在我們的確愿意了)。因此D項 “在建造高層建筑時，我們應該為安全問題買單”正確。7.單選題Attempts to persuade her to stay after she felt insulted were（ ）.問題1選項A.in no wayB.on the contraryC.at a lossD.of no avail【答案】D【解析】句意:在她覺得受到侮辱后，企圖勸她留下來是徒勞的?？疾槎陶Z辨析。in no way 決不；on the contrary 正相反；at

22、 a loss 虧本地；困惑不解；of no avail無效;不起作用；徒勞的。根據(jù)前半句句意“在她覺得受到侮辱后”可知，D符合句意。8.單選題Although most birds have only a negligible sense of smell, they have（ ）vision.問題1選項A.vigorousB.exactC.acuteD.vivid【答案】C【解析】句意:盡管大多數(shù)鳥幾乎沒什么嗅覺，但它們的視力卻很敏銳?？疾樾稳菰~辨析。vigorous 精力充沛的;exact 準確的，精確的；acute 嚴重的，敏銳的；vivid 生動的，鮮明的。根據(jù)前半句句意 “盡管大

23、多數(shù)鳥幾乎沒什么嗅覺”可知這里在對比鳥的嗅覺跟視覺，故C項符合句意。9.單選題In the（ ）of the project not being a success, the investors stand to lose up to $30 million.問題1選項A.faceB.timeC.courseD.event【答案】D【解析】句意:如果項目不成功，投資者損失將高達3000萬美元。考查短語辨析。in the face of面對;in the time of 在 時期；in the course of 在期間；在過程中；in the event of 萬一；如果。根據(jù)后面句意“投資者

24、損失將高達3000萬美元”可知D項正確。10.單選題These national parks are very important for preserving many animals, who would （ ） run the risk of becoming extinct.問題1選項A.insteadB.neverthelessC.thereforeD.otherwise【答案】D【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項instead“代替；反而；相反”；B選項nevertheless“然而，不過”；C選項therefore“因此；所以”；D選項otherwise“否則；另外”。句意：這些國家公

25、園對保護許多動物非常重要，否則這些動物將面臨滅絕的危險。前后部分為轉折關系，因此D項正確。11.翻譯題Translate the following sentences into Chinese and write your answers on the Answer Sheet.1. And giving should be strategicphilanthropy should not simply respond to needs but should look for investment opportunities that yield significance returns.2

26、. What remains pertinent is the reports vision of the role of government in research, including his assertion that the federal government had both the authority and the obligation to support basic research.3. This need is enshrined in the concept of sustainable development, which means that we must,

27、 for the benefit of coming generations, leave enough environmental space so that these generations will be able to address their needs and fulfill their aspirations.4. The threat of the Cold War was a prime driving force leading to the expansion of U.S. science, national labs and academic institutio

28、ns.5. It is worth noting that preventive measures involving smoking and diet are conveniently similar for cancer and heart disease; one exception is alcohol a risk factor for the former, a preventive for the later.【答案】1.捐贈也應講策略慈善事業(yè)應該不單是應人之需，而應該覓尋投資機會， 以求產生可觀的回報。2.該報告對政府在研究中所扮演的角色的看法仍然中肯，包括他的主張，即聯(lián)邦政府

29、既有權力也有義務支持基礎研究。3.這種需要體現(xiàn)在可持續(xù)發(fā)展的概念中，這意味著為了后代的利益，我們必須留下足夠的環(huán)境空間，以滿足他們的需要，施展抱負。4.冷戰(zhàn)的威脅曾是一個主要的驅動力，它導致了美國科學、國家實驗室以及學術機構團體的擴張。5.值得注意的是，癌癥和心臟病的預防措施與吸煙和飲食很相似;一個例外是酒精癌癥的危險因子，但卻是心臟病的預防因子。12.單選題Your advice would be（ ）valuable to him, who is now at a loss as to what to do first.問題1選項A.exceedinglyB.excessivelyC.ex

30、tensivelyD.exclusively【答案】A【解析】句意:你的建議對他非常有價值，因為他現(xiàn)在不知道該先做什么?？疾楦痹~辨析。exceedingly極其，非常，特別；excessively過分地，極度；extensively 廣闊地，廣大地：exclusively 唯一地，獨占地。后面從句說到:因為他現(xiàn)在不知道該先做什么，因此前面應該在說“你的建議對他非常有價值”。13.單選題Airplane and television are among the（ ）of science.問題1選項A.masksB.martyrsC.marvelsD.marrow【答案】C【解析】句意:飛機和電視

31、都是科學的奇跡?？疾槊~辨析。mask 面具，口罩；martyr 烈士; marvel 奇跡；marrow 骨髓，精華。四個選項中，只有C項符合句意。14.單選題（ ）hes already heard the news.問題1選項A.Chances areB.Chance isC.Opportunities areD.Opportunity is【答案】A【解析】句意:他很可能已經聽到這個消息了。15.單選題Although there are occasional outbreaks of gunfire, we can report that the rebellion has in t

32、he main been（ ）.問題1選項A.canceledB.destroyedC.suppressedD.restrained【答案】C【解析】句意:雖然偶爾會爆發(fā)槍聲，但我們可以報道，叛亂基本上已被鎮(zhèn)壓?？疾閯釉~辨析。選項均為對應動詞的過去分詞形式。cancel取消;刪去；destroy破壞;消滅;毀壞;suppress 抑制；鎮(zhèn)壓；restrain 抑制；約束。該動詞的主語是the rebellion (這場叛亂)，因此C項符合句意。16.單選題You must insist that students give a truthful answer（ ）with the realit

33、y of their world.問題1選項A.relevantB.simultaneousC.consistentD.practical【答案】C【解析】句意:你必須要求學生給出真實的、與現(xiàn)實一致(符合現(xiàn)實)的答案?？疾樾稳菰~辨析。relevant 相關的，有價值的，常與介詞to搭配;simultaneous 同時發(fā)生的；consistent 一致的，常構成短語be consistent with 與一致，與共存的；practical 實際的。題干中的介詞是with，因此C項符合句意跟搭配。17.單選題The vast majority of people in any given cult

34、ure will （ ） to the established standards of that culture.問題1選項A.confineB.conformC.confrontD.confirm【答案】B【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項confine“限制；禁閉”；B選項conform“符合；遵照；適應環(huán)境”；C選項confront“ 面對；遭遇；比較”；D選項confirm“ 確認；確定；證實”。句意：在任何特定文化中的絕大多數(shù)人都將遵守該文化既定的標準?？崭裉幍膭釉~既要符合句意，又要與to構成搭配。因此B項正確。Conform to表示“符合，遵照”。18.單選題（ ）the advan

35、ces of the science, the discomforts of old age will no doubt always be with us.問題1選項A.As forB.DespiteC.ExceptD.Besides【答案】B【解析】句意:盡管科學在不斷發(fā)展，老年時期的不安感仍然未被消除?？疾榻樵~辨析。句子前半部分表示:科學在不斷發(fā)展，后半部分表示:老年時期的不安感仍然未被消除。因此前后部分為讓步關系，答案為B項。19.單選題Rod is determined to get a seat for the concert, （ ） it means standing in a

36、 queue all night.問題1選項A.as ifB.even ifC.providedD.whatever【答案】B【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項as if“猶如，好似”；B選項even if“即使；雖然”；C選項provided“ 假如，倘若”；D選項whatever“無論什么”。句意：Rod決心要為音樂會弄一個座位，即使這意味著要排整晚的隊。由句意可知后面是讓步狀語從句，故選B。20.單選題A scientific law is liable at any time to need（ ）, that is an eternal truth.問題1選項A.modifyingB.cha

37、ngingC.revisingD.adjusting【答案】A【解析】句意:在任何時候，科學定律都是需要修改的，這是永恒的真理?？疾閯釉~辨析。modify 修改，調整，修飾；change 變化;revise 修改，修訂，校正; adjust 調整。Modify和revise都有“修改”的意思，但modify指對計劃、方法、制度、條款等做細小的更改；而revise指由于新情況的出 現(xiàn)或經過更多的思考而對原有觀點、想法或作品加以修正，因此A項符合句意。21.單選題（ ）his knowledge and academic background, he is basically stupid.問題1

38、選項A.But forB.According toC.For allD.Thanks to【答案】C【解析】句意:盡管他有一定的知識和學術背景，但是從根本上來說他還是很笨的?？疾槎陶Z辨析。but for 要不是，如果沒有；according to 按照，根據(jù)；for all 盡管，雖然；thanks to由于，幸虧。根據(jù)后半句句意 “從根本上來說他還是很笨的”可知前半句表示讓步，故選C項。22.單選題If we （ ） our relations with that country, well have to find another supplier of raw materials.問題1

39、選項A.diffuseB.diminishC.terminateD.preclude【答案】C【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項diffuse“擴散；傳播；漫射”；B選項diminish“減少，縮小”；C選項terminate“ 使終止；使結束；解雇”；D選項preclude“ 排除；妨礙；阻止”。句意：如果我們終止與那個國家的關系，我們就得另找一個原材料供應者。根據(jù)后半句句意可知C正確。23.翻譯題1.中國是世界上的發(fā)明大國，但是很多發(fā)明無法走出實驗室，歸根結底是資金問題。2.當然我們還應該充分意識到，大熊貓生存的主要威脅不是來自于大熊貓的繁殖能力，而是來自于人類對大熊貓自然生態(tài)環(huán)境的破壞。3.他

40、飲他的花酒，我喝我的清茶。人生需要一種境界：自我安定。4.自幼來自農村且深受“誰知盤中餐，粒粒皆辛苦”陶冶的我，是斷然不肯將能吃的剩菜倒掉的。5.太多的醫(yī)學和研究生教育把學生禁閉在黑暗的房間里，使他們成為被強迫灌輸信息的笨人?！敬鸢浮?.China, one of the worlds leading innovators, finds itself in the awkward situation of being unable to get many of its inventions out of the labs, which comes down to the problem of

41、funding.2. Of course, we should also be fully aware that the main threat to the survival of the panda species comes not from the poor propagation of the species, but from mankinds destruction of pandas natural habitat.3. Life, it seems to me, needs a placidity of mind. While others may be wining and

42、 dining, Im content with plain tea.4. Born in the countryside and always taught to believe profoundly in the need to “treasure each and every grain of rice in the bowl”，I flatly refuse to throw away the leftovers.5. Too many medical students and postgraduates receive education in a closed room, and

43、finally become a passive knowledge-receiving idiot.24.單選題Educators are seriously concerned about the high rate of dropouts among the doctor of philosophy candidates and the consequent loss of talent to a nation in need of Ph.D.s. Some has placed the dropouts loss as high as 50 percent. The extent of

44、 the loss was, however, largely a matter of expert guessing. Last week a well-rounded study was published. It was based on 22,000 questionnaires sent to former graduate who were enrolled in 24 universities and it seemed to show many past fears to be groundless.The dropouts rate was found to be 31 pe

45、rcent and in most cases the dropouts, while not completing the Ph.D. requirement, went on to productive work. They are not only doing well financially, but, according to the report, are not far below the income levels of those who went on to complete their doctorates.Discussing the study last week,

46、Dr. Tucker said the project was initiated “because of the concern frequently expressed by graduate faculties and administrators that some of the individuals who dropped out of Ph.D. programs were capable of completing the requirement for the degree. Attrition at the Ph.D. level is also thought to be

47、 a waste of precious faculty time and a drain on university resources already being used to capacity. Some people expressed the opinion that the shortage of highly trained specialists and college teachers could be reduced by persuading the dropouts to return to graduate schools to complete the Ph.D.

48、”“The results of our research”，Dr. Tucker concluded, “did not support these opinions.(1) Lack of motivation was the principal reason for dropping out.(2) Most dropouts went as far in their doctoral program as was consistent with their levels of ability or their specialties.(3) Most dropouts are now

49、engaged in work consistent with their education and motivation.Nearly 75 percent of the dropouts said there was no academic reason for their decision, but those who mentioned academic reason cited failure to pass the qualifying examination, uncompleted research and failure to language exams. Among t

50、he single most important personal reasons identified by dropouts for non-completion of their Ph.D. program, lack of finances was marked by 19 percent.As an indication of how well the dropouts were doing, a chart showed 2% in humanities were receiving $20,000 and more annually while none of the Ph.D.

51、s with that background reached this figure. The Ph.D.s shone in the $7,500 to $15,000 bracket with 78% at that level against 50% for the dropouts. This may also be an indication of the fact that top salaries in the academic fields, where Ph. Ds tend to rise to the highest salaries, are still lagging

52、 behind other fields.As to the possibility of getting dropouts back on campus, the outlook was glum. The main condition which would have to prevail for at least 25% of the dropouts who might consider returning to graduate school would be to guarantee that they would retain their present level of inc

53、ome and in some cases their present job.1.The author states that many educators feel that（ ）.2.Research has shown that（ ）.3.Meeting foreign language requirements for the Ph. D.（ ）.4. After reading the article, one would refrain from concluding that（ ）.5.It can be inferred that the high rate of dropo

54、uts lies in（ ）.問題1選項A.steps should be taken to get dropouts back to campus.B.the dropouts should return to a lower quality school to continue their study.C.the Ph.D.holder is generally a better adjusted person than the dropout.D.the high dropout rate is largely attributable to the lack of stimulatio

55、n on the part of faculty members問題2選項A.dropouts are substantially below Ph. Ds in financial attainment.B.the incentive factor is a minor one in regard to pursuing Ph.D. studies.C.D. studies.C.D.studies.C.the Ph.D. candidate is likely to change his field of specialization if he drops out.D.about one-

56、third of those who start Ph.D. work do not complete the work to earn the degree.問題3選項A.is the most frequent reason for dropping out.B.is more difficult for the science candidate than for the humanities candidate.C.is an essential part of many Ph.D.programs.D.does not vary in difficulty among univers

57、ities.問題4選項A.optimism reigns in regard to getting Ph. D. dropouts to return to their pursuit of the degree.B.a Ph. D. dropout, by and large, does not have what it takes to learn the degree.C.D. dropouts to return to their pursuit of the degree.B.a Ph. D. dropout, by and large, does not have what it

58、takes to learn the degree.C.D.dropouts to return to their pursuit of the degree.B.a Ph. D. dropout, by and large, does not have what it takes to learn the degree.C.colleges and universities employ a substantial number of Ph. D. dropouts.D.Ph. D.s are not earning what they deserve in nonacademic posi

59、tions.問題5選項A.salary for Ph. D. too lowB.academic requirement too highC.D. too low B.academic requirement too highC.D.too low B.academic requirement too highC.salary for dropouts too high D.l, 000 positions【答案】第1題:A第2題:D第3題:C第4題:A第5題:A【解析】第1題:事實細節(jié)題。由題干意思定位到第三段Some people expressed the opinion that th

60、e shortage of highly trained specialists and college teachers could be reduced by persuading the dropouts to return to graduate schools to complete the Ph.D. “一些人認為，可以通過說服輟學者重返研究生院完成博士學位，來減少受過高等教育的專家和大學教師的短缺”由此可知A選項“應該采取措施讓輟學者重返校園”與原文意思相符，為正確選項。第2題:事實細節(jié)題。第二段中 The dropouts rate was found to be 31 per