2022年考研考博-考博英語-昆明理工大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號24

1、住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-昆明理工大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據實際調整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題She was so（ ）in her job that she didnt hear anybody knocking at the door.問題1選項A.attractedB.absorbedC.drawnD.concentrated【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項常用于be attracted by（被吸引），指客觀上吸引人的注意力；B選項常用于be absorbed in sth.（被吸引住，專注于），abso

2、rb表示“吸引（注意力，精力等）”；C選項常用于be drawn to（被吸引到上來）；D選項concentrate“集中精神，全神貫注”，常與on或upon連用。由“she didnt hear anybody knocking at the door（她沒聽見有人敲門）”可知B選項符合語境。句意：她全神貫注于她的工作以至于她沒有聽見敲門聲。2.單選題The（ ）of electronic computers has opened up new ways of data analysis for the scientists.問題1選項A.advertB.adverseC.adventD.a

3、dvise【答案】C【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項advert作名詞表示“廣告，宣傳”，作不及物動詞表示“引起注意，提到”；B選項adverse“不利的，有害的”是形容詞；C選項advent“（重要事件、人物、發(fā)明等的）出現，到來”是名詞；D選項advise“勸告，忠告，建議”是動詞。由“the+名詞+of”及句意可知選C。句意：電子計算機的出現為科學家們開辟了新的數據分析方法。3.單選題You stare at waterfall for a minute or two, and then shift your gaze to its surroundings. What you now s

4、ee appears to drift upward. These optical illusions occur because the brain is constantly matching its model of reality to signals from the bodys sensors and interpreting what must be happening that your brain must have moved, not the other; that downward motions is now normal, so a change from it m

5、ust now be perceived as upward motion.The sensors that make this magic are of two kinds. Each eye contains about 120 million rods, which provide somewhat blurry black and white vision. These are the windows of night vision; once adapted to the dark, they can detect a candle burning ten miles away.Co

6、lor vision in each eye comes from six to seven million structures called cones. Under ideal conditions, every cone can “see” the entire rainbow spectrum of visible colors, but one type of cone is most sensitive to red, another to green, a third to blue.Rods and cones send their messages pulsing an a

7、verage 20 to 25 times, per second along the optic nerve. We see an image for a fraction of a second longer than it actually appears. In movies, reels of still photographs are projected onto screens at 24 frames per second, tricking our eyes into seeing a continuous moving picture.Like apparent motio

8、n, color vision is also subject to unusual effects. When day gives way to night, twilight brings what the poet T.S. Eliot called “the violet hour” A light levels fall, the rods become progressively less responsive. Rods are most sensitive to the shorter wavelengths of blue and green, and they impart

9、 a strange vividness to the gardens blue flowers.However, look at a white shirt during the reddish light of sunset, and youll still see it in its “true” color white, not red. Our eyes are constantly comparing an object against its surroundings. They therefore observe the effect of a shift in the col

10、or of illuminating on both, and adjust accordingly.The eyes can distinguish several million graduations of light and shade of color. Each waking second they flash tens of millions of pieces of information to the brain, which weaves them incessantly into a picture of the world around us.Yet all this

11、is done at the back of each eye by a fabric of sensors, called the retina, about as wide and as thick as a postage stamp. As the Renaissance inventor and artist Leonardo da Vinci wrote in wonder, “Who would believe that so small a space could contain the images of all the universe?”1.Visual illusion

12、s often take place when the image of reality is（ ）.2.The visual sensor that is capable of distinguishing shades of color is called（ ）.3.The retina send pulses to the brain（ ）.4.Twenty-four still photographs are made into a continuous moving picture just because（ ）.5.The authors purpose in writing th

13、e passage lies in（ ）.問題1選項A.matched to six to seven million structures called conesB.confused in the bodys sensors of both rods and conesC.interpreted in the brain as what must be the caseD.signaled by about 120 million rods in the eye問題2選項A.conesB.color visionC.rodsD.spectrum問題3選項A.in short wavelen

14、gthsB.as color picturesC.by a ganglion cellD.along the optic nerve問題4選項A.the image we see usually stays longer than it actually appearsB.we see an object in comparison with its surroundingsC.the eyes catch million pieces of information continuouslyD.rods and cones send messages 20 to 25 times a seco

15、nd問題5選項A.showing that we sometimes are deceived by our own eyesB.informing us about the different functions of the eye organsC.regretting that we are too slow in the study of eyesD.marveling at the great work done by the retina【答案】第1題:C第2題:A第3題:D第4題:A第5題:B【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的These optical illusions

16、occur because the brain is constantly matching its model of reality to signals from the bodys sensors and interpreting what must be happening（這些視覺錯覺之所以出現，是因為大腦不斷地將身體的信號與現實情況相匹配，并解釋即將發(fā)生的事情）可知C選項“在大腦中解釋即將發(fā)生的事情”符合題意。2.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第三段中的Under ideal conditions, every cone can “see” the entire rainbow spectru

17、m of visible colors（在理想條件下，每個視錐都能“看到”整個彩虹光譜的可見色）可知選A。3.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第四段中的Rods and cones send their messages pulsing an average 20 to 25 times, per second along the optic nerve.（視桿和視錐沿著視覺神經以平均20到25次的脈沖傳遞信息）可知D選項“沿視覺神經”符合題意。4.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第四段中的We see an image for a fraction of a second longer than it actually

18、 appears. In movies, reels of still photographs are projected onto screens at 24 frames per second, tricking our eyes into seeing a continuous moving picture.（我們看到一個圖像的時間比它實際出現的時間要長一秒。在電影中，靜止的圖像以每秒24幀的速度投射到屏幕上，使我們的眼睛誤以為看到的是一幅連續(xù)不斷運動的畫面）可知A選項“我們看到的圖像通常比實際顯示的要長”符合題意。5.主旨大意題。文章主要介紹了視網膜中的視桿和視錐細胞，視桿細胞主要負責

19、夜視，視錐細胞主要負責顏色，因此B選項“告訴我們眼睛器官的不同功能”符合題意。4.單選題I （ ）you that the goods will be delivered next week.問題1選項A.ensureB.assureC.confirmD.insist【答案】B【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項ensure“確保，保證”，指確保某事會發(fā)生，賓語一般接物，而不是人；B選項assure“使確信，向保證”，其后賓語一搬接人；C選項confirm“（尤指提供證據來）證實，證明，確認”；D選項insist“堅決要求，堅持”。由賓語you可知選B。句意：我向你保證，這批貨將于下周交貨。5.單選題

20、Newspapers and magazines carry extensive（ ）of diet and health topics, and diet books are among the best sellers.問題1選項A.sketchB.concernC.coverageD.involvement【答案】C【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項sketch“素描，速寫，草圖”；B選項concern“擔心，憂慮，關心”；C選項coverage“新聞報道，（書、課程學習、電視等的）信息范圍，覆蓋范圍”；D選項involvement“參與，加入”。由主語Newspapers and magaz

21、ines（報紙和雜志）可知C選項符合邏輯搭配。句意：報紙和雜志對飲食和健康話題進行了廣泛的新聞報道，減肥書籍是最暢銷書之一。6.單選題If we dont stop flirting with those deathly nuclear weapons, the whole globe will be（ ）.問題1選項A.contaminatedB.pollutedC.annihilatedD.invaded【答案】C【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項contaminate“污染，玷污，腐蝕（人的思想或品德）”；B選項pollute“污染，弄臟 ”；C選項annihilate“消滅，毀滅，徹底擊敗”

22、；D選項invade“侵入，侵略”。flirt with表示“調戲，玩弄，不認真地考慮”，deathly nuclear weapons表示“致命核武器”，結合語境可知C選項符合邏輯搭配。句意：如果我們不停止玩弄那些致命的核武器，整個世界將被毀滅。7.單選題One way for writers to support a point is through（ ）, that is, by means of several examples to back up an idea.問題1選項A.illustrationB.explanationC.demonstrationD.interpretat

23、ion【答案】A【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項illustration“說明”，有舉例說明的意思；B選項explanation“解釋”；C選項demonstration“游行示威，證明”；D選項interpretation“解釋，說明”。根據several examples（幾個例子）可知選A。句意：作家支持一個觀點的一種方法是通過說明，即通過幾個例子來支持一個觀點。8.單選題She was so（ ） in her work that she didnt notice me when I came in the room.問題1選項A.immersedB.obsessedC.submerged

24、D.suffocated【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項通常用于be immersed in（沉浸于，埋頭于，陷入）；B選項通常用于be obsessed with（癡迷于，著迷于）；C選項submerge“浸沒，淹沒”；D選項suffocate“（使）窒息而死，（把）悶死”。句中的so.that表示“如此以至于”，根據固定搭配和后面的she didnt notice me when I came in the room（我走進房間時她沒注意到我）可知她沉浸于工作中，以至于沒注意到我進來，因此選A。句意：她如此沉浸于工作中，以至于我進屋時她都沒有注意到我。9.單選題It will be

25、safer to walk the streets because people will not need to carry large amounts of cash. Virtually all financial（ ）will be conducted by computer.問題1選項A.transactionsB.transmissionsC.transitionsD.transformations【答案】A【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項transaction“業(yè)務，交易”；B選項transmission“傳送，傳播”；C選項transition“過渡，轉變，變遷”；D選項tran

26、sformation“變化，改觀，轉變”。根據financial（財政的，金融的）可知A選項符合語境。句意：由于人們不需要攜帶大量現金，走在街上會更安全，幾乎所有的金融交易都將由計算機進行。10.單選題Neither of the two parties（ ）able to solve the problems of the poor.問題1選項A.areB.isC.have beenD.will have been【答案】B【解析】考查主謂一致。neither of+復數名詞，謂語動詞通常用單數形式。此處表示兩個政黨中沒有哪一個能解決窮人的問題，此處是對客觀事實的表述，故用一般現在時，因此選

27、B。句意：這兩個政黨都不能解決窮人的問題。11.單選題He complicated with the requirement that all graduate students in education（ ）a thesis.問題1選項A.writeB.writingC.to writeD.be writing【答案】A【解析】考查虛擬語氣。在英語中，表示“命令、建議、愿望、要求”等的詞（不管是動詞、名詞、形容詞）之后的從句用should+動詞原詞，而且should可以省略。句中的requirement表示“要求”，其后是由that引導的同位語從句，因此選A。句意：他把教育中所有研究生都要寫

28、論文的要求復雜化了。12.單選題Many of the local residents left homes to（ ）the danger of flooding.問題1選項A.encounterB.encloseC.shake offD.ward off【答案】D【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項encounter“遭遇，遇到”；B選項enclose“圍住，隨函(或包裹等)附上”；C選項shake off“甩掉，擺脫”；D選項ward off“避開，躲開，防止（危險、疾病等）”。由目的狀語“to_the danger of flooding（為了_洪水的危險）”可知D選項符合邏輯搭配。句意：許多

29、當地居民離開家，以避開洪水的危險。13.單選題In court he repeated his（ ）that he was not guilty in front of the jury.問題1選項A.impressionB.alliterationC.clausesD.assertions【答案】D【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項impression“感想，印象，影響”；B選項alliteration“頭韻，頭韻法”；C選項clause“從句，分句，（法律文件等的）條款”；D選項assertion“斷言，聲稱，主張”。由In court（在法庭上）與he was not guilt（他是無罪的）

30、可知D選項符合邏輯搭配。句意：在法庭上，他在陪審團面前重申了他是無罪的聲明。14.單選題The prefix Mach is used to describe supersonic speed. It was named for Ernst Mach (1838-1916), a Czech-born Austrian physicist, who contributed to the study of sound. When twice the speed of sound, it is Mach 2. When it is near but below the speed of sound

31、, its speed can be designated at less than Mach 1, for example, Mach 0.9. Mach is defined as “the ratio of the velocity of a rocket or a jet to the velocity of sound in the medium being considered.”When a plane passes the sound barrierflying faster than sound travelslisteners in the area hear thunde

32、rclaps, but the pilot of the plane does not hear them.Sound is produced by vibrations of an object and is transmitted by alternate increase and decrease in pressure that radiate outward through a material media of moleculessomewhat like waves spreading out on a pond after a rock has been tossed into

33、 it.The frequency of sound is determined by the number of times the vibrating waves undulate（波動）per second and is measured in cycles per second. The slower the cycle of waves, the lower the frequency. As frequencies increase, the sound is higher in pitch.Sound is audible to human beings only if the

34、frequency falls within a certain range. The human ear is usually not sensitive to frequencies of fewer than 20 vibrations per second, or more than about 20,000 vibrations per secondalthough this range varies among individuals. Anything at a pitch higher than the human ear can hear is termed ultrason

35、ic.Intensity, or loudness, is the strength of the pressure of these radiating waves and is measured in decibels. The human ear responds to intensity in a range from zero to 120 decibels. Any sound with pressure over 120 decibels is painful to the human ear.The speed of sound is generally placed at 1

36、.088 feet per second at sea level at 32 degrees Fahrenheit. It varies in other temperatures and in different media. Sound travels faster in water than in air, and even faster in iron and steel. It travels a mile in 5 seconds in air, it does a mile under water in 1 second, and it travels through iron

37、 in 1/3 second. It travels through ice cold vapor at approximately 4,708 feet per second; ice-cold water, 4,938; granite, 12,960; hardwood, 12,620; brick, 11,960; glass, 16,410 to 19,690; silver, 8,658; gold, 5,717.1.According to this passage, “Mach” refers to（ ）.2.Sound is produced by（ ）.3.Decibel

38、is（ ）.4.Which of the following is a TRUE statement?5.Which of the following can serve as the best title of this passage?問題1選項A.the ratio of the air speed of an aircraft to the speed of soundB.a machineC.a Czech-born Australian physicistD.the pilot of the plane問題2選項A.vibrations of an object passing t

39、hrough the airB.spreading of waves after a rock being tossed into a pondC.thundersD.a flying plane問題3選項A.the frequency of radiating wavesB.the pressure of radiating wavesC.the unit for measuring the intensity of soundD.the speed of sound問題4選項A.Sound travels fastest through the hardest thing.B.Sound

40、travels at different speed in different temperatures and in different media.C.Sound travels fastest in hottest temperature.D.Sound travels fastest in coldest temperature.問題5選項A.The Prefix Mach.B.The Speed of Sound.C.The Frequency of Sound.D.The Intensity of Sound.【答案】第1題:A第2題:A第3題:C第4題:B第5題:B【解析】1.細

41、節(jié)判斷題。根據題干關鍵詞Mach定位到文章第一段中，由Mach is defined as “the ratio of the velocity of a rocket or a jet to the velocity of sound in the medium being considered.”（馬赫被定義為“在被考慮的媒介中，火箭或飛機的速度與聲速的比率”）可知選A。2.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第三段中的Sound is produced by vibrations of an object and is transmitted by alternate increase and decre

42、ase in pressure that radiate outward through a material media of molecules（聲音是由物體的振動產生的，并通過分子的物質介質向外輻射的壓力的交替增加和減少而傳播）可知A選項“物體通過空氣的振動”符合題意。3.細節(jié)事實題。根據題干關鍵詞decibel定位到文章倒數第二段中，由Intensity, or loudness, is the strength of the pressure of these radiating waves and is measured in decibels.（強度，或響度，是這些輻射波的壓力強

43、度，以分貝為單位）可知C選項“測量聲音強度的單位”符合題意。4.推理判讀題。文章最后一段的“It varies in other temperatures and in different media.（它在其他溫度和不同的介質中變化）”中的it指的是前句中的“the spend of sound（聲音的速度）”，然后介紹了在不同介質中傳播的速度不同，因此B選項“聲音以不同的速度在不同的溫度和不同的介質中傳播”符合題意。5.主旨大意題。A選項僅適合文章第一段的主題；C選項僅適合第四段和第五段的主題；D選項僅適合第六段的主題。文章首段與尾段都提到了聲音的速度，中間也有提到，因此B選項“聲音的速度

44、”符合題意。15.單選題The new technological revolution in American newspapers has brought increased（ ）, a wide range of publications and an expansion of newspaper jobs.問題1選項A.manipulationB.reproductionC.circulationD.penetration【答案】C【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項manipulation“操作，處理”；B選項reproduction“繁殖，生殖”；C選項circulation“ （報紙、雜

45、志的）發(fā)行量，銷售量，流通，傳播”；D選項penetration“穿透，滲透”。根據newspapers（報紙）可知C選項符合語境。句意：美國報紙的新技術革命帶來了更多的發(fā)行量、廣泛的出版物和擴大了報紙的就業(yè)機會。16.單選題（ ）excessive consumption of fried foods has serious consequences as has been proved.問題1選項A.TheoreticallyB.PresumablyC.IncrediblyD.Practically【答案】B【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項theoretically“理論地，理論上”；B選項p

46、resumably“據推測，很可能，大概”；C選項incredibly“極其，難以置信地”；D選項practically“實際上，幾乎，差不多”。由as has been proved（如已證實的那樣）可知前面的內容應該是一種猜測比較符合邏輯，即證實推測。句意：據推測，過度食用油炸食品會造成嚴重后果，這已被證實。17.單選題He was a brilliant musician as a boy, but he never （ ）his early promise.問題1選項A.completedB.performedC.concludedD.fulfilled【答案】D【解析】考查動詞辨析。

47、A選項complete“完成，結束，使完整”；B選項perform“表演，執(zhí)行”；C選項conclude“推斷出，得出結論，（使）結束”；D選項fulfill“履行（諾言等），執(zhí)行”。根據promise（承諾）可知選D。句意：他小時候是一位才華橫溢的音樂家，但他從來沒有實現過早期的諾言。18.翻譯題Read the following paragraph carefully and then translate it into Chinese.Most societies derive consensus from a long history, a language all their ow

48、n, a common religion, or common ancestry. The myths by which they live are based on all of these. But the United States is a country of immigrants, coming from a great variety of nations. Lately, it has been emphasized that an asocial narcissistic personality has become characteristic of Americans,

49、and that it is this type of personality that makes for the lack of well-being, because it prevents us from achieving consensus that would counteract a tendency to withdraw into private worlds. In this study of narcissism, Christopher Lash says that modern man, “tortured by self-consciousness, turns

50、to new therapies not to free himself of his personal worries but to find meaning and purpose in life, to find something to live for.” There is widespread distress because national morale has declined, and we have lost an earlier sense of national vision and purpose.【答案】大多數社會的共識來自于悠久的歷史、一種完全屬于自己的語言、一

51、個共同的宗教或共同的祖先。他們賴以生存的神話就是建立在所有這些基礎之上的。但是美國是一個移民國家，其移民來自許多不同的國家。最近，有人強調，孤僻和自戀已經成為美國人的性格特征，正是這種性格導致了幸福感的缺乏，因為它阻止了我們達成共識，有了共識人們才不會再退縮到自我的小天地中。在這項關于自戀的研究中，克里斯托弗拉什認為現代人“受到自我意識的折磨，其解決辦法不是從個人煩惱中解脫出來，而是在生活中找到意義和目的，并找到一生追求的東西?！庇捎趪袷繗庀陆担藗兤毡楦械讲话?，我們也失去了早先對國家遠景和目標的認識。19.單選題The（ ）view in Britain and other Western

52、 countries associates aging with decline, dependency, isolation, and often poverty.問題1選項A.predominantB.credulousC.inclusiveD.sustainable【答案】A【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項predominant“主要的，占主導地位的”；B選項credulous“輕信的，易受騙的”；C選項inclusive“包括的，包羅廣泛的”；D選項sustainable“可持續(xù)的”。此處表示英國和其他西方國家的主要觀點，故選A。句意：英國和其他西方國家的主流觀點認為，老齡化通常與衰落、

53、依賴、孤立以及貧窮有關。20.單選題He is very tired. He needs（ ）.問題1選項A.a good night restB.good rest of a nightC.a good rest nightD.a good nights rest【答案】D【解析】考查名詞所有格。表示有生命的東西的名詞及某些表示時間、距離、星球、世界、國家等無生命的東西的名詞后加“s”來表示所有關系，此處表示他需要一個晚上的休息，night為名詞，后面加“s”表示與rest的所有關系，因此選D。句意：他非常累，他需要一個晚上的休息。21.單選題The waste pipe is blocke

54、d; try （ ）it out with hot water, or just call the plumber to do it.問題1選項A.blushingB.crushingC.brushingD.flushing【答案】D【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項blush“臉紅”；B選項crush“壓破，壓碎”；C選項brush“（用刷子）刷凈，刷亮”；D選項flush“發(fā)紅，臉紅，（用水）沖洗”。根據句意可知此處指用熱水沖洗，因此選D。句意：排污管被堵住了，試試用熱水沖洗，或者叫水管工來做。22.單選題There is widespread belief that the emergenc

55、e of giant industries has been accompanied by an equivalent surge in industrial research. A recent study of important inventions made since the turn of the century reveals that more than half were the product of individual inventors working alone, independent of organized industrial research. While

56、industrial laboratories contributed such important products as nylon and transistors, independent inventors developed air conditioning, the automatic transmission, the jet engine, the helicopter, insulin, and streptomycin. Still other inventions, such as stainless steel, television, silicones, and P

57、lexiglas were developed through the combined efforts of individuals and laboratory teams.Despite these finding, we are urged to support monopolistic power on the grounds that such power creates an environment supportive of innovation. We are told that the independent inventor, along with the small f

58、irm,cannot afford to undertake the important research needed to improve our standard of living while protecting our diminishing resources; that only the giant corporation or conglomerate, with its prodigious assets, can afford the kind of expenditures that produce the technological advances vital to

59、 economic progress. But when we examine expenditures for research, we find that of the more than $35 billion spent each year in this country, almost two-thirds is spent by the federal government. More than half of this government expenditure is funneled into military research and product development

60、, accounting for the enormous increase in spending in such industries as nuclear energy, aircraft, missiles, and electronics. There are those who consider it questionable that these defense-linked research projects will either improve our standard of living or do much to protect our diminishing reso