上海高中定語從句課件

1、定語從句授課教師：劉青華定語從句授課教師：劉青華句子句子的類型簡(jiǎn)單句并列句復(fù)合句句子句子的類型簡(jiǎn)單句并列句復(fù)合句復(fù)合句名詞性從句主語從句賓語從句表語從句同位語從句定語從句狀語從句復(fù)合句名詞性從句主語從句賓語從句表語從句同位語從句定語從句狀定語從句的基本概念 定語從句：修飾前面某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。 結(jié)構(gòu)：先行詞 + 關(guān)系詞 + 句子定語從句的基本概念 定語從句：修飾前面某一名詞或代詞的從句修飾名詞或代詞的形容詞定語:a beautiful flowera tall boy定語從句：修飾名詞或代詞的從句This is the best film that I have seen.定語從

2、句修飾名詞或代詞的形容詞定語:a beautiful flowHarry Porter is a boy who has magic power.先行詞關(guān)系詞定語從句結(jié)構(gòu)： 先行詞 + 關(guān)系詞 + 句子被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞Harry Porter is a boy who has 關(guān)系詞的分類關(guān)系代詞 2. 關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語、賓語、表語和定語，常用的關(guān)系代詞有：that, which, who, whom, whose關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中作狀語，常用的關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, why二. 關(guān)系詞的分類關(guān)系代詞2. 關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語、賓語、表

3、語關(guān)系詞及其意義指代人 指代事物 所屬關(guān)系 指地點(diǎn) 指時(shí)間 指原因 who, whom, that, aswhich, that, aswhosewherewhenwhy關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞歸納總結(jié)做題技巧?先分析定語從句中缺少什么成分關(guān)系詞及其意義指代人 who, whom, t關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的作用: 1 引導(dǎo)定語從句,起引導(dǎo)詞作用. 2 代替被修飾詞. 3 在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分The boy who is reading is Tom.關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的作用: 1 引導(dǎo)定語從句,起引導(dǎo)詞作用.Have a try指出關(guān)系代詞（副詞）在定語從句中的成份：1.The man who came

4、 to our school is Mr. Wang. ( )2.The girl (whom) I met is Lucy. ( )3.A child whose parents are dead is called Tom. ( )4.I like the book (which) you bought yesterday. ( ) 主語賓語定語賓語Have a try指出關(guān)系代詞（副詞）在定語從句中的成份：關(guān)系代詞的講解。關(guān)系代詞的講解。關(guān)系代詞先行詞充當(dāng)從句的成分who人主語、賓語whom人 賓語which物主語、賓語that人或物主語、賓語、表語whose人或物 定語關(guān)系代詞先行詞充

5、當(dāng)從句的成分who人主語、賓語whom人 who指人,在定語從句中作主語或賓語。作賓語時(shí)，可省略。The man who spoke to you is Tom.The man (who) we invited is Tom.whom指人,在定語從句中作賓語，可省略。 The man (whom) we invited is Tom.關(guān)系代詞的基本用法和注意點(diǎn)1. 關(guān)系代詞的基本用法 who指人,在定語從句中作主語或賓語。作賓語時(shí)，可省略。 which 指物，在定語從句中作主語或賓語。作賓語時(shí)，可省略。 China is a country which has a long history.T

6、his book (which) he is using ismine. which which 指物，在定語從句中作主語或賓語。作賓語時(shí)，可He is the man (that) I hit yesterday.that 指人或物，在定語從句中作主語、賓語或表語。做賓語時(shí)，可省略。A plane is a machine that can fly.thatHe is not the man that he used to be. He is the man (that) I hit yeswhose指人或物, 在定語從句中作定語 。不可省略。We live in a house whose

7、 windows face south.This is the girl whose English book was lost.whosewhose指人或物, 在定語從句中作定語 。不可省略。Weexercises (5) Youd better buy vegetables from farmers _ grow them. (6) Dont drink water_ has not been boiled. (7) He saw a house_windows were broken.(8)The man _ lives next to us sells vegetables.(9)A

8、fish _ has bright eyes is fresh.who/ thatwhich/ thatwhosewho/ thatwhich/ thatexercises (5) Youd better buy只能用that不能用which的情況先行詞為序數(shù)詞/形容詞最高級(jí)或被這些詞修飾時(shí)。 This is the first book (that) he has read. This is the highest building that has been built in the city.關(guān)系代詞的注意點(diǎn)只能用that不能用which的情況先行詞為序數(shù)詞/形容詞最先行詞是不定代詞，如

9、all, little, few, much, everything, anything, nothing, none, some等時(shí)。 All that can be done has been done.先行詞被any, all, every, no, none of, the only, the very, the just, (恰好) 等詞修飾時(shí)。 The only thing that she can do is to study hard.先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。 They talked about the schools and teachers (that) they had v

10、isited. 上海高中定語從句課件當(dāng)主句是以who或which開頭的特殊疑問句。Who is the man that is reading the book?當(dāng)先行詞為主句的表語或者關(guān)系代詞為從句的表語時(shí)。 This is the book that was bought yesterday. Tom isnt the boy that he used to be.先行詞前有such或the same修飾This is the same bike that I lost a week ago. 在there + be 句型中There are two novels that I want

11、to read.我要讀的有兩本小說當(dāng)主句是以who或which開頭的特殊疑問句。 只能用which不能用that的情況引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時(shí)。 Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over world.當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)。 This is the house in which he lived.當(dāng)先行詞本身就是that時(shí)。 That which you told me is what I want to know. 只能用which不能用that的情況 只能用who不能用that的情況(2)用who不用that的

12、情況先行詞是指人的不定代詞時(shí)，如one， all, anyone，no one, nobody, anybody, none等。 All who heard the news were excited.先行詞為those且指人時(shí)： Those who want to go have to sign their names here.在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中，先行詞指人時(shí)。 There is a young lady who asks for you. 只能用who不能用that的情況(2)用who不用thatExercise 1 :用關(guān)系代詞填空The boy _ is playing pin

13、g-pong is my classmate.The e-mail _ I received yesterday was from my sister.I hate people _ talk much but do little.The car _ my father bought last month is very beautiful.who / that(which/ that)who / that(which / that)Exercise 1 :用關(guān)系代詞填空The boy _5. The man _ hair is white is his grandfather.6. Is t

14、here a student _ father is a business man?7. This is the house in _ we have lived for 10 years.8.Ive never heard of the people and things _ you talked about just now.whosewhosewhich that當(dāng)先行詞同時(shí)指人和物時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只能用that.5. The man _ hair is whitExercise 2. My father and his friend talked about something_ they

15、 couldnt remember.Say all _ you know.Is there anything _ I can do for you?thatthatthat當(dāng)先行詞是something, anything, nothing, all 等詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只能用that.Exercise 2. My father and his4.This is the first play _ I have seen since I came here.5. This is the best novel _ I have read.thatthat當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞，最高級(jí)等詞修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只能用

16、that.6.Who is the girl _is standing under the tree?7. Which is the machine _ we used last Sunday.當(dāng)主句是who或which 引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句，而中心詞指人或物時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只能用that.thatthat4.This is the first play _課堂小結(jié)課堂小結(jié)關(guān)系副詞的講解關(guān)系副詞的講解關(guān)系副詞when, where和why的用法五. 關(guān)系副詞的基本用法關(guān)系副詞指代的先行詞充當(dāng)從句的成分when表時(shí)間的名詞/名詞詞組時(shí)間狀語where表地點(diǎn)的名詞/名詞詞組地點(diǎn)狀語why表原因的名詞原因狀

17、語關(guān)系副詞when, where和why的用法五. 關(guān)系副詞的A. whereB. whenC. thereD. which(2009 上海)34. Mozarts birthplace and the house _ he composed “The Magic Flute” are both museums now.句意：Mozart的出生地以及他創(chuàng)作魔笛的房子現(xiàn)在都成了博物館?？疾槟繕?biāo)：考察句子結(jié)構(gòu)的分析及定語從句的使用。應(yīng)對(duì)策略：橫線所在句子為定語從句，對(duì)先行詞the house進(jìn)行修飾。首先排除C，there不能充當(dāng)連詞。其次，分析定語從句句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可見先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語，因

18、此選擇表地點(diǎn)的關(guān)系副詞where。A. whereB. whenC. thereD. whic用關(guān)系副詞when時(shí)，先行詞指時(shí)間，when在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語，when可換成“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”。如：I still remember the day when (= on which) I first came to Nanjing.My father was born in the year when (= in which) World War broke out.1. when1. when用關(guān)系副詞when時(shí)，先行詞指時(shí)間，when在定語從句中作時(shí)用關(guān)系副詞where時(shí)，先行詞指地點(diǎn)，w

19、here在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，where可換成“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”。如：This is the farm where (= on which) we worked when we were young.The school where (= in which) his mother teaches is in the west of the city.2. where2. where用關(guān)系副詞where時(shí)，先行詞指地點(diǎn)，where在定語從句中用關(guān)系副詞why時(shí)，先行詞指原因，why在定語從句中作原因狀語，why可換成“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”。如：There are several reasons w

20、hy (= for which) the boys should be punished.Tom couldnt give the teacher the reason why (= for which) he was late for school.3. why用關(guān)系副詞why時(shí)，先行詞指原因，why在定語從句中作原因狀用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空1. The room _ he once lived is still there. The room _ I have to clean every day belongs to my mother.where/in which(that/which)對(duì)

21、比練習(xí)：用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空1. The room _2. I will never forget the day_ I met you. I will never forget the day _ we spent together.when/on which(that/which)2. I will never forget the day The reason _ I dont know is known to him.(that/which)why/for which3. The reason _ I dont know the thing is that I was

22、not there at that time. The reason _ I38. We went through a period_communications were very difficult in the rural areas.which B.whose C. in which D. with which（2008 上海 ）【解析】此題考查定語從句的用法。Period后面的定語從句中缺少時(shí)間狀語，要用when,而此題中沒有when,所以要選擇in which相當(dāng)于in the period,表示時(shí)間，作句中的狀語。which要在定語從句中作主語或賓語，而此處的“介詞+which”

23、中要選擇介詞in,而不選擇with.定語從句中“介詞+which”中介詞的選擇，一要看先行詞，二要看與定語從句謂語動(dòng)詞的搭配，三要看句意。38. We went through a period_關(guān)系副詞的用法注意點(diǎn)(1)當(dāng)先行詞為time，表示“次數(shù)”時(shí)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系詞that 或省略。This is the first time _ the president has visited the country.(2)當(dāng)position，stage，point, situation, case等詞作先行詞表示“情況，境地，場(chǎng)合”等意思時(shí)，其后常由where引導(dǎo)定語從句，如：Can you thin

24、k of a situation _ this expression can be used?4. 關(guān)系副詞的用法注意點(diǎn)(that)where關(guān)系副詞的用法注意點(diǎn)(1)當(dāng)先行詞為time，表示“次數(shù)”時(shí)鞏固練習(xí)：用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空 1) October 1, 1949 was the day_ (_ _) China was founded. 2) Beijing is the place _ (_ _) I came. 3) Is this the reason _ (_ _) he didnt want to see me?whenon whichwherefrom whichwhyfor

25、 which鞏固練習(xí)：用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空鞏固練習(xí)：用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空 1) October 1, 1 4) Is this the room _(_ _) we were living last winter? 5) The days are gone _ (_ _) we used “foreign oil”. 6) Yesterday, we had a meeting _ (_ _) we discussed many problems.wherein whichwhenduring whichat whichwhere 4) Is this the room _(定語從句的分類限定性從

26、句 非限定性從句定語從句的分類限定性從句限定性定語從句 對(duì)先行詞起修飾和限定作用,是不可缺少的成分,沒有了附加信息,我們就不知道談?wù)摰氖钦l或是什么事,在這樣的從句中不使用逗號(hào). The house that I bought last year has got a lovely garden.2. 非限定性定語從句 非限制性定語從句起補(bǔ)充說明作用，缺少也不會(huì)影響全句的理解。在非限制性定語從句的前面往往有逗號(hào)隔開，如若將非限制性定語從句放在句子中間，前后都需要用逗號(hào)隔開。 My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 限

27、定性定語從句翻譯方法：限制性定語從句翻譯在先行詞前，非限制性定語從句翻譯成一個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子。如：1)The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.（限制性定語從句）我昨天買的那本書很有趣。2）My brother, who is a soldier, is talking with my teacher.(非限制性定語從句）我哥哥正在和我的老師談話，他是當(dāng)兵的。翻譯方法：限制性定語從句翻譯在先行詞前，非限制性定語從句翻譯限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別(1)限制性定語從句和主句的關(guān)系十分密切，若省去，主句的意思就不明確。主從句之間

28、不用逗號(hào)隔開。而非限制性定語從句則不然。試比較：This is the best book that I have read.This is a good book, which is easy to understand.2. 限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別(1)限制性定語從句和(2)限制性定語從句的先行詞總是一個(gè)名詞或一個(gè)代詞，而非限制性定語從句的先行詞可以是一個(gè)詞，也可以是部分或整個(gè)主句的意思。此時(shí)，一般用關(guān)系代詞as或which引導(dǎo)。(4)在非限制性定語從句中，不能省略關(guān)系代詞，而在限制性定語從句中則可以。(3)限制性定語從句可以用關(guān)系代詞

29、that引導(dǎo)，而非限制性定語從句則不能。(2)限制性定語從句的先行詞總是一個(gè)名詞或一個(gè)代詞，而非限制(5)關(guān)系代詞在非限制性定語從句中作介詞的賓語時(shí)，介詞前可以有被介詞短語所修飾的詞。如：(6)在非限制性定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞還可以作介詞的賓語。He has two daughters, the elder of whom is married.He is ill, in spite of which he keeps on studying.(5)關(guān)系代詞在非限制性定語從句中作介詞的賓語時(shí)，介詞前可以as與which引導(dǎo)的定語從句 兩者均可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，有時(shí)可以互換，但下列情況多用as

30、。1. 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句居句首時(shí)。e.g. As we all know, the earth is round.2. 當(dāng)與such或the same連用時(shí)，一般用as。e.g. Such books as you tell me are interesting. I have the same plan as you.as與which引導(dǎo)的定語從句 兩者均可引導(dǎo)非限制性定3. 當(dāng)從句和主句語義一致時(shí)，用as，反之則用which。e.g. She has married again, as was expected. She has married again, which was un

31、expected.3. 當(dāng)從句和主句語義一致時(shí)，用as，反之則用which。4. as在從句中作主語時(shí)，后面常接行為動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，如be known，be said，be reported等，如從句中行為動(dòng)詞是主動(dòng)語態(tài)，一般要用which作主語。e.g. She has been late again, as was expected. Tom has made great progress, which made us happy.4. as在從句中作主語時(shí)，后面常接行為動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，如b 介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，一般有以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu)：(1)名詞+介詞+關(guān)系代詞：They

32、 live in a house, the door of which faces south.4. “介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的幾種結(jié)構(gòu)(2)代詞+介詞+關(guān)系代詞：There are four students in the classroom, all of whom are working hard. 介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，(1)名詞+介詞(3)數(shù)詞+介詞+關(guān)系代詞：Last Sunday I bought a book from the bookstore, three of which were English novels.(4)形容詞比較級(jí)/最高級(jí)

33、+介詞+關(guān)系代詞：China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan.(3)數(shù)詞+介詞+關(guān)系代詞：(4)形容詞比較級(jí)/最高級(jí)+介詞35. A lot of lovers chose to get married on Dec. 12, 2012, _ the date, the month and the year match.that B. on which C. in which D. which（2013 浦東新 一模）35. A lot of lovers chose to g定語從句的特殊句 定語從句的特殊句

34、定語從句必須注意的特殊例子1.先行詞為抽象概念 situation , case , stage, point, position關(guān)系詞要用where, eg. Can you imaging the situation where/ in which you can use the word.2.先行詞為the way ,關(guān)系詞要用that, in which 或省略eg. Do you know the way (that/in which/-) he worked the problem.定語從句必須注意的特殊例子定語從句的必須注意的兩個(gè)句型。Is this school the one we visited that year?Is this the school that we visited that year ?He is one of the students who are from the s