定期租船合同解析課件

1、11定期租船合同11定期租船合同11.1、合同當(dāng)事人合同當(dāng)事人需作出規(guī)定，并應(yīng)訂明合同雙方的名稱，主營(yíng)業(yè)地或居所。11.1、合同當(dāng)事人合同當(dāng)事人需作出規(guī)定，并應(yīng)訂明合同雙方的11.2、船舶描述11.2.1、描述的主要內(nèi)容11.2、船舶描述11.2.1、描述的主要內(nèi)容Description of VesselName xxxxxxxx Flag xxxxxxxx Built xxxxxxxx (year).Port and number of Registry xxxxxxxx Classed xxxxxx in xxxxxx Deadweight xxxxxx long/metric tons

2、 (cargo and bunkers, including freshwater and stores not exceeding xxxxxx long/metric tons) on a salt water draft of xxxxx on summer freeboard.Capacity xxxxx cubic feet grain xxxxx cubic feet bale space.Tonnage xxxxx GT/GRT.Description of VesselName xxxSpeed about xxxxx knots, fully laden, in good w

3、eather conditions up to and including maximum Force xxxxx on the Beaufort wind scale, on a consumption of about xxxx long/metric tons of xxxxxDelete as appropriate.For further description see Appendix A (if applicableSpeed about xxxxx knots, fully11.2.1、描述的主要內(nèi)容蘇伊士運(yùn)河噸位、及巴拿馬運(yùn)河噸位、主機(jī)的燃油消耗量（特別是降低轉(zhuǎn)速后的實(shí)際消耗

4、量）、減載后的實(shí)際載重量、在航時(shí)和在港作業(yè)時(shí)發(fā)電機(jī)的柴油實(shí)際消耗量、燃油艙的容積、壓載水艙容積、艙口個(gè)數(shù)、艙蓋類型、各艙的尺寸、淡水造水機(jī)造水量、吊貨楊的類型及安全負(fù)荷、各層甲板的實(shí)際安全負(fù)荷、船艙的結(jié)構(gòu)等。11.2.1、描述的主要內(nèi)容蘇伊士運(yùn)河噸位、及巴拿馬運(yùn)河噸位11.2.2、船舶描述：船速和油耗1）關(guān)于船速和油耗描述條款的法律地位保證條款2）船速計(jì)算與索賠A計(jì)算原則船速：船舶相對(duì)于水的速度航速：船舶相對(duì)于海底或岸上固定物的速度。航速等于船速與洋流速度、風(fēng)速的向量之各。船舶滿載狀態(tài)(Full laden)和空載狀態(tài)(ballast)對(duì)船速是有影響的。11.2.2、船舶描述：船速和油耗1）關(guān)

5、于船速和油耗描述條款2）船速計(jì)算與索賠風(fēng)速和海浪是影響航速的重要因素。風(fēng)力不超過蒲氏(Beaufort)4級(jí)(最大風(fēng)速16海里/小時(shí)）,海浪不超過道格拉斯(Douglas)3級(jí)(浪高35英尺）。確定良好天氣還應(yīng)考慮船舶噸位的大小。當(dāng)合同中對(duì)船速規(guī)定有“約”數(shù)時(shí)，通常應(yīng)理解允許減慢半節(jié)(0.5knot),或減慢5%。2）船速計(jì)算與索賠風(fēng)速和海浪是影響航速的重要因素。11.2.2、船舶描述：船速和油耗B、計(jì)算方法a.計(jì)算出合同規(guī)定的良好天氣下的實(shí)際平均船速b.計(jì)算公式：時(shí)間損失=（合同船速-實(shí)際平均船速）總航行時(shí)間（小時(shí)）/合同船速c.對(duì)計(jì)算結(jié)果進(jìn)行修正11.2.2、船舶描述：船速和油耗B、計(jì)算方

6、法11.2.2、船舶描述：船速和油耗例1：某船共航行7281海里，用了607.83小時(shí)。經(jīng)查航海日志計(jì)算，合同規(guī)定的良好天氣下的實(shí)際平均船速為13.14節(jié)，合同規(guī)定船速為14.5節(jié)0.5節(jié).首先將合同船速修正為最低允許值,即14節(jié),時(shí)間損失=(14-13.14) 607.83/14=37.3假設(shè)日租金為5000美元/天,則船速索賠額為:37.3245000=7770.8美元.11.2.2、船舶描述：船速和油耗例1：某船共航行7281海11.2.2、船舶描述：船速和油耗3）燃油索賠A燃油索賠的含義一是出租人誤述船舶燃油消耗量和燃油等級(jí)，導(dǎo)致船舶實(shí)際燃油消耗超過合同描述的消耗量，承租人就超過合同規(guī)

7、定消耗的燃油向出租人進(jìn)行索賠。二是承租人使用了劣質(zhì)燃油造成船舶機(jī)器損壞，出租人就該項(xiàng)損壞向承租人進(jìn)行索賠。11.2.2、船舶描述：船速和油耗3）燃油索賠9. Bunkers(b) The charterers shall supply bunkers of a quality suitable for burning in the vessels engines and auxiliaries and which conform to the specification(s) as set out in Appendix A.The owners reserve their right to

8、make a claim against the Charterers for any damage to the main engines or the auxiliaries caused by the use of unsuitable fuels or fuels not complying with the agreed specification(s). additionally, if bunker fuels supplied do not conform with the mutually agreed specification(s) or otherwise prove

9、unsuitable for burning in the Vessels engines or auxiliaries, the Owners shall not be held responsible for any reduction in the Vessels speed performance and /or increased bunker consumption, nor for any time lost and any other consequences. 9. Bunkers(b) The charterers 11.2.2、船舶描述：船速和油耗3）燃油索賠B導(dǎo)致燃油消

10、耗增加的原因?qū)θ加拖牧考叭加偷燃?jí)的誤述來(lái)自低劣的油質(zhì)不正常的航行速度C燃油索賠的計(jì)算方法：燃油索賠額=（航次實(shí)際燃油總消耗量-航次燃油應(yīng)消耗總量）燃油單價(jià)11.2.2、船舶描述：船速和油耗3）燃油索賠11.3、租期與轉(zhuǎn)租11.3.1租期（1）租期的規(guī)定方法租期為個(gè)月。租期大約個(gè)月。租期為個(gè)月，或多或少天，由承租人選擇。6 months, 10 days mort or less at the charterers option.租期不超過個(gè)月，不低于月。 Not more than 18 months, not less than 12 months.租期為月到月的必要時(shí)間以便完成航次。 T

11、he period nece ssary to perform the voyage such as to months11.3、租期與轉(zhuǎn)租11.3.1租期1Duration The Owners agree to let and the Charterers agree to hire the Vessel from the time of delivery for a period of xxxxxxxx within below - mentioned trading limits. 1Duration The Owners agree to 11.3、租期與轉(zhuǎn)租11.3.2 轉(zhuǎn)租(su

12、blet)“承租人可以將租用的船舶轉(zhuǎn)租，但是應(yīng)當(dāng)將轉(zhuǎn)租的情況及時(shí)通知出租人。租用的船舶轉(zhuǎn)租后，原租船合同約定的權(quán)利和義務(wù)不受影響”（我國(guó)海商法，第137條）11.3、租期與轉(zhuǎn)租11.3.2 轉(zhuǎn)租(sublet)18 Sublet Unless otherwise agreed, the Charterers shall have the liberty sublet the Vessel for all or any part of the time covered by this charter Party, but the Charterers remain responsible for

13、 the fulfillment of this Charter Party. 18 Sublet Unless otherwise agr11.4、交船地點(diǎn)11.4.1交船范圍的規(guī)定方法（1）用兩個(gè)港口或地區(qū)間的方法，“在新加坡至日本港口交船”（2）用大的地理概念，“在中國(guó)港口交船”11.4、交船地點(diǎn)11.4.1交船范圍的規(guī)定方法11.4、交船地點(diǎn)11.4.2具體交船地點(diǎn)的規(guī)定方法（1）on arrival pilot station,（APS） (on arrival at the first pilot station)（2）on taking inward pilot（TIP）（3）o

14、n berthed（4）on drop off pilot a named port,（DOP）：是指出租人在完成當(dāng)時(shí)航次后，安排引航員引領(lǐng)船舶駛出卸貨港，并在引航員下船時(shí)將船交給承租人。11.4、交船地點(diǎn)11.4.2具體交船地點(diǎn)的規(guī)定方法2. Delivery The vessel shall be placed at the disposal of the Charterers at xxxxxx2. Delivery The vessel shall 11.5、合法貨物11.5.1合法貨物的含義：裝貨港國(guó)家、卸貨港國(guó)家、船旗國(guó)及對(duì)租約有法律管轄權(quán)國(guó)家允許裝運(yùn)進(jìn)出口的貨物。11.5.2裝運(yùn)

15、非法貨物的法律后果 條件條款11.5.3關(guān)于裝運(yùn)危險(xiǎn)貨物11.5.4關(guān)于除外貨物(cargo exclusion)除外貨物：合同中明確的文字規(guī)定的禁止承租人使用該船運(yùn)輸?shù)呢浳铩?1.5、合法貨物11.5.1合法貨物的含義：裝貨港國(guó)家、卸4. Dangerous Cargo/Cargo Exclusions(a) the vessel shall be employed in carry lawful merchandise excluding any goods of a dangerous, injurious, flammable or corrosive nature unless ca

16、rried in accordance with the requirements or recommendations of the competent authorities of the country of the Vessels registry and of ports of shipment and discharge and of any intermediate countries or ports through whose waters the Vessel must pass. Without prejudice to the generality of the for

17、egoing, in addition the following are specifically excluded: livestock of any description, arms, ammunition, explosives, nuclear and radioactive materials, xxxxxxxx 4. Dangerous Cargo/Cargo Exclu4. Dangerous Cargo/Cargo Exclusions(b) in IMO- classified cargo is agreed to be carried, the amount of su

18、ch cargo shall be limited to xxxxxx tons and the Charterers shall provide the Master with any evidence he may reasonably stowed in accordance with IMO regulations, failing which the Master is entitled to refuse such cargo or, if already loaded, to unload it at the charterers risk and expense. 4. Dan

19、gerous Cargo/Cargo Exclu11.6、航行區(qū)域與安全港口11.6.1航行區(qū)域（1）規(guī)定航行區(qū)域的必要性1）船舶保險(xiǎn)人的限制2）船舶技術(shù)狀況限制3）政治因素4）戰(zhàn)區(qū)5）國(guó)際海運(yùn)勞工聯(lián)盟地區(qū)11.6、航行區(qū)域與安全港口11.6.1航行區(qū)域5. Trading LimitsThe vessel shall be employed in such lawful trades between safe ports and safe places within xxxxxxxx excluding xxxxxxxx as the charterers shall direct. 5.

20、Trading LimitsThe vessel s11.7、出租人維持船舶義務(wù)11.7.1出租人應(yīng)付費(fèi)用6. Owners to Provide The Owners shall provide any pay for the insurance of the Vessel, except as otherwise provided, and for all provisions, cabin, deck, engine-room and other necessary stores, including boiler water; shall pay for wages, consular

21、 shipping and discharging fees of the crew and charges for port services pertaining to the crew; 11.7、出租人維持船舶義務(wù)11.7.1出租人應(yīng)付費(fèi)用11.7.2出租人維修船舶義務(wù)6. Owners to Provide shall maintain the vessels class and keep her in a thoroughly efficient state in hull, machinery and equipment for and during the service, a

22、nd have a full complement of officers and crew. 11.7.2出租人維修船舶義務(wù)11.7.2出租人維修船舶義務(wù)（1）維持船級(jí)（2）貨艙維持（3）裝卸設(shè)備11.7.2出租人維修船舶義務(wù)（1）維持船級(jí)36. Cleaning of HoldsThe Charterers shall provide and pay extra for sweeping and/or washing and/ or cleaning of holds between voyages and/ or between cargoes provided such work ca

23、n be undertaken by the crew and is permitted by local regulations, at the rate of per hold.In connection with any such operation, the Owners shall not be responsible if the Vessels holds are not accepted or passed by the port or any other authority. The Charterers shall have the option to re-deliver

24、 the Vessel with unclean/unswept holds against a lumpsum payment of in lieu of cleaning. 36. Cleaning of HoldsThe Chart28. Cargo Gear and LightsThe Owners shall maintain the cargo handling gear of the Vessel which is as follows: providing gear (for all derricks or cranes) capable of lifting capacity

25、 as described. The Owners shall also provide on the Vessel for night work lights as on board, but all additional lights over those on board shall be at the Charterers expense. 28. Cargo Gear and LightsThe 11.7.2出租人維修船舶義務(wù)（4）入塢清理或修理11.7.2出租人維修船舶義務(wù)（4）入塢清理或修理19.DrydockingThe Vessel was last drydocked .(

26、a) The Owners shall have the option to place the Vessel in drydock during the currency of this Charter at a convenient time and place, to be mutually agreed upon between the Owners and the Charterers, for bottom cleaning and painting and/ or repair as required by class or dictated by circumstances.*

27、 (b)Except in case of emergency no drydocking shall take place during the currency of this Charter Party.*Delete as appropriate. 19.DrydockingThe Vessel was l（5）船上生活用燃油（5）船上生活用燃油11.7.2出租人維修船舶義務(wù)（6）提供適任的干部船員義務(wù)The master shall be conversant with eth English language and (although appointed by the Owner

28、s) shall be under the orders and directions of the Charterers as regards employment and agency; (b) If the Charterers shall have reasonable cause to be dissatisfied with the conduct of the Master or officers, the Owners shall, on receiving particulars of the complaint, investigate the same, and, if

29、necessary, make a change in the appointments. 11.7.2出租人維修船舶義務(wù)（6）提供適任的干部船員義務(wù)11.7.2出租人維修船舶義務(wù)（7）償付墊付的費(fèi)用及利息(d) Cash AdvancesCash for the Vessels ordinary disbursements at any port may be advanced by the Charterers, as required by the Owners, subject to 2 .5 percent commission and such advances shall be

30、deducted from the hire. The Charterers, however, shall in no way be responsible for the application of such advances . 11.7.2出租人維修船舶義務(wù)（7）償付墊付的費(fèi)用及利息11.7.2出租人維修船舶義務(wù)（8）船舶全損時(shí)退回租金義務(wù)20. Total LossShould the Vessel be lost, money paid in advance and not earned (reckoning from the date of loss or being last

31、 heard of) shall be returned to the Charterers at once.11.7.2出租人維修船舶義務(wù)（8）船舶全損時(shí)退回租金義務(wù)11.8、營(yíng)運(yùn)費(fèi)用11.8、營(yíng)運(yùn)費(fèi)用7. charterers to providethe charterers, while the vessel in on hire, shall provide and pay for all the bunkers except as otherwise agreed; shall pay for port charges (including compulsory watchmen a

32、nd cargo watch men and compulsory garbage disposal ), all communication expenses pertaining to the Charterers business at cost, pilotages, towages, agencies, commissions, consular charges(except those pertaining to individual crew members or flag of the Vessel), and all other usual expenses except t

33、hose stated in Clause 6, 7. charterers to providethe c7. charterers to providebut when the Vessel puts into a port for causes for which the Vessel is responsible (other than by stress of weather), then all such charges incurred shall be paid by the Owners. Fumigations ordered because of illness of t

34、he crew shall be for the Owners account. Fumigations ordered because of cargoes carried or ports visited while the vessel is employed under this Charter Party shall be for the Charterers account. All other fumigations shall be for the Charterers account after the vessel had been on charter for a con

35、tinous period of six months or more. 7. charterers to providebut wh7. charterers to provideThe charterers shall provide and pay for necessary dunnage and also any extra fittings requisite for a special trade or unusual cargo, but the Owners shall allow them the use of any dunnage already aboard the

36、Vessel. Prior to redelivery the Charterers shall remove their dunnage and fittings at their cost and in their time.7. charterers to provideThe ch11.9、交還船的存油規(guī)定（1）交還燃油的數(shù)量一般地，出租人交船時(shí)船上存油應(yīng)能保證船舶抵達(dá)第一加油港口。（2）存油價(jià)格當(dāng)前市場(chǎng)價(jià)格（at current market prices）。訂死價(jià)格。最近主要加油港價(jià)格。最近一次出租人加油發(fā)票價(jià)格。11.9、交還船的存油規(guī)定（1）交還燃油的數(shù)量（3）存油款的支付交船

37、：一般地，在交船前，出租人會(huì)將預(yù)計(jì)交船時(shí)的存油量預(yù)先通知承租人，然后根據(jù)合同規(guī)定，在交船前的規(guī)定日期，將油款連同首期租金支付給出租人。還船：允許承租人在最后支付的租金中扣除預(yù)計(jì)的存油款。（4）承租人對(duì)船上存油的財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)（5）交還船存油量不足的索賠（3）存油款的支付9. Bunkers(a) the Charterers on delivery, and the Owners on redelivery, shall take over and pay for all fuel and diesel oil remaining on board the Vessel as hereunder. T

38、he vessel shall be delivered with:xxxxxx long/metric tons of fuel oil at the price of xxx per ton; xxxx tons of diesel oil at the price of xxx per ton. The vessel shall be redelivered with: xxxx tons of fuel oil at the price of xxxxxx per ton; xxxx tons of diesel oil at the price of xxxx per ton.Sam

39、e tons apply throughout this clause. 9. Bunkers(a) the Charterers 11.10、租金及其支付11.10.1租金的計(jì)算及支付方法（1）租金計(jì)算方法（2）使用的貨幣（3）支付方法11.10、租金及其支付11.10.1租金的計(jì)算及支付方法10. Rate of Hire/Redelivery Areas and NoticesThe charterers shall pay for the use and hire of the said Vessel at the rate of $xxxx U.S. currency, daily,

40、 or $xxxxx U.S. currency per ton on the Vessels total deadweight carrying capacity, including bunkers and stores, on xxxxx summer freeboard, per 30 days, commencing on and from the day of her delivery, as aforesaid, and at and after the same rate for any part of a month; hire shall continue until th

41、e hour of the day of her redelivery 10. Rate of Hire/Redelivery Ar11. Hire Payment(a) PaymentPayment of Hire shall be made so as to be received by the Owners or their designated payee in xxx, via xxxxxx in xxxxx currency, or in United States Currency, in funds available to the Owners on the due date

42、, 15 days in advance, and for the last month or part of same the approximate amount of hire, and should same not cover the actual time, hire shall be paid for the balance day by day as it becomes due, if so required by the Owners. 11. Hire Payment(a) PaymentPa(c) Last Hire PaymentShould the Vessel b

43、e on her voyage towards port of redelivery at the time the last and/or the penultimate payment of hire is/are due, said payment(s) is/are to be made for such length of time as the Owners and the Charterers may agree upon as being the estimated time necessary to complete the voyage, and taking into a

44、ccount bunkers actually on board, to be taken over by the Owners and estimated disbursements for the Owners account before redelivery. Should same not cover the actual time, hire is to be paid for the balance, day by day, as it becomes due. When the Vessel has been redelivered , any difference is to

45、 be refunded by the Owners or paid by the Charterers, as the case may be (c) Last Hire PaymentShould t11.10、租金及其支付11.10.2支付租金義務(wù)與撤船權(quán)利Failing the punctual and regular payment of the hire, or on any fundamental breach whatsoever of this Charter Party, the Owners shall be at liberty to withdraw the Vess

46、el from the service of the charterers without prejudice to any claims they (the Owners ) may otherwise have on the Charterers. 11.10、租金及其支付11.10.2支付租金義務(wù)與撤船權(quán)利11.10.2支付租金義務(wù)與撤船權(quán)利（1）及時(shí)付到（2）全額支付（3）全額支付租金的例外預(yù)先的停租(previous off-hire)預(yù)墊款(advances)船速及燃油索賠船上生活用燃油11.10.2支付租金義務(wù)與撤船權(quán)利（1）及時(shí)付到（4）如果應(yīng)付租金的日期恰好處于停租期間，承租

47、人應(yīng)如何支付租金：承租人在船舶恢復(fù)營(yíng)運(yùn)之時(shí)立即重新支付租金。承租人仍然按照規(guī)定每月預(yù)付租金，但扣除前一月中已預(yù)付的停租租金。（4）如果應(yīng)付租金的日期恰好處于停租期間，承租人應(yīng)如何支付租deduction from hire permitted by terms of charterIf upon the voyage the speed be reduced by defect in, or breakdown of, any part of her hull, machinery or equipment, the time so lost, and the cost of any extr

48、a bunkers consumed in consequence thereof, and all extra proven expenses may be deducted from the hire. deduction from hire permitted 11.10.2支付租金義務(wù)與撤船權(quán)利（5）反技術(shù)性條款：承租人為防止出租人因未及時(shí)收到足額租金而撤船，在合同中規(guī)定出租人在發(fā)出撤船通知后若干時(shí)間內(nèi)承租人仍未支付租金才能撤船的條款。11.10.2支付租金義務(wù)與撤船權(quán)利b) .Grace PeriodWhere there is failure to-make punctual an

49、d regular payment of hire due to oversight, negligence, errors or omissions on the part of the Charterers of their bankers, the Charterers shall be given by the Owners clear banking days (as recognized at the agreed place of payment) written notice to rectify the failure, and when so rectified withi

50、n those days following the Owners notice, the payment shall stand as regular and punctual.Failure by the Charterers to pay the hire within days of their receiving the Owners notice as provided herein, shall entitle the Owners to withdraw as set forth in Sub-clause 11 (a) above b) .Grace PeriodWhere

51、there i11.10.2支付租金義務(wù)與撤船權(quán)利（6）出租人撤船權(quán)利的放棄接受承租人的遲付過遲的撤船等于放棄權(quán)利出租人默許承租人繼續(xù)使用船舶等于放棄撤船權(quán)利11.10.2支付租金義務(wù)與撤船權(quán)利（6）出租人撤船權(quán)利的11.11、還船 hire shall continue until the hour of the day of her redelivery in like good order and condition, ordinary wear and tear excepted, to the Owners (unless Vessel lost) at xxxxx unless o

52、therwise mutually agreed.The charterers shall give the Owners not less than xxxxxx days notice of the Vessels expected date and probable port of redelivery.11.11、還船 hire shall continue u11.11、還船（1）還船日期redelivery after the expiration of hire/over-lapA 合法的最后航次（legitimate last voyage）如果承租人在指定最后一個(gè)航次時(shí)，能夠

53、合理地預(yù)計(jì)到船舶可在租期屆滿之前完成的航次，是合法的最后航次。B 非法的最后航次（illegitimate last voyage）承租人指定最后一個(gè)航次時(shí)，不是經(jīng)過合理估算，而是故意明知履行該航次會(huì)導(dǎo)致延遲還船，而仍然履行該航次的，則為非法的最后航次。11.11、還船（1）還船日期11.11、還船early redelivery當(dāng)實(shí)際還船日期早于合同規(guī)定的應(yīng)還船日期，會(huì)構(gòu)成提前還船。1）出租人強(qiáng)行撤船：2002年中，Panamax型船舶的日租金在5000美元左右，到2003年中已經(jīng)上漲到10000美元左右，2003年底更飆升至30000多美元。Capesize型船舶的日租金2002年為700

54、0美元左右，到2003年底已飆升至60000美元左右。2）租期中船舶所有權(quán)變更11.11、還船early redelivery11.11、還船（2）還船船況（state of ship on redelivery)正常磨損的界定第一，“磨損”是在裝卸貨物過程中正確使用船舶而必然產(chǎn)生的。第二，“磨損”不是承租人或其雇傭人疏忽造成的。第三，“磨損”應(yīng)不影響船舶保持船級(jí)。第四，對(duì)磨損程度的掌握應(yīng)考慮合同允許運(yùn)送貨物的種類。11.11、還船（2）還船船況（state of ship 11.11、還船（3）還船地點(diǎn)還船地點(diǎn)的規(guī)定方法承租人在規(guī)定地點(diǎn)的還船義務(wù)11.11、還船11.11、還船（4）還船通知

55、還船通知的規(guī)定方法一般情況下規(guī)定，在預(yù)計(jì)還船日之前的21天發(fā)出通知（也有的規(guī)定提前15天），然后在第15天、10天、7天、5天、2天、1天依次修訂第一次通知。為準(zhǔn)確起見，有的出租人另外追加規(guī)定，從第5天起或第3天之后的通知必須是肯定的和準(zhǔn)確的。違反還船通知的后果11.11、還船（4）還船通知11.12、租金的起算及解約條款11.12.1租金的起算在交船時(shí)開始起算“the charterers shall pay for the use and hire of the said vessel, commencing on and form the day of her delivery,”Sun

56、day ,holidya included ,day and night SHINDN11.12、租金的起算及解約條款11.12.1租金的起算11.13、停租條款（1）停租條款的規(guī)定方法11.13、停租條款（1）停租條款的規(guī)定方法17 .Off. Hire In the event of loss time from deficiency and/or default and/or strike of officers or crew, or deficiency of stores , fire, breakdown of, or damages to hull, machinery or equipment, grounding, detention by t