人教版高中英語(yǔ)必修5Unit1GreatscientistsLanguagepoints課件

1、Unit 1Great scientistsFill in the blanks to finish the summary of the text and then try to retell it.John Snow was a well-known doctor in London in the 19th century. He wanted to find _ of cholera in order to _ it. In 1854 when the disease _ London again, be began to gather information. He _ on a ma

2、p where all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had drunk the dirty water from _ died. So he got that the polluted water carried the virus. He also found a supporting evidence: two people who had moved away from the Broad Street but still drank the water also _. He suggested

3、that the source of all water supply _ and people should not _ polluted water any more. Finally, “King Cholera” was defeated.the causemarkeddefeathitthe pumpbe exposed to(should) be examineddiedUseful words and sentences:attend, expose, cure, absorb, severe, pump, blame, handle, link, announce, instr

4、uct1. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.2. He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people. 3. A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house

5、every day. 1. John Snow was a famous doctor in London so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician. attend vt. 照顧；護(hù)理；出席；參加選擇attend在句中的含義。 出席，參加 b. 照顧，護(hù)理 1) Mary invited about 30 people to her party, but only 12 attended it. ( )2) The nurse attended the patients with g

6、reat care. ( )3) If you go out, who will attend to the baby? ( )ab battend也可作不及物動(dòng)詞attend to sb. / sth. 處理；對(duì)付；照料；關(guān)懷【拓展】attendance n. 出席，參加，上學(xué)， 出席人數(shù)attendant n. 服務(wù)員，侍者，侍從 attend, join, take part in都可意為“參加”，區(qū)別如下：attend后主要接meeting, conference, school, ceremony等作賓語(yǔ)；join后的賓語(yǔ)主要是表示團(tuán)體、組織(如軍隊(duì)、黨派)、一群人、游戲等的名詞，如

7、party, army, club等；take part in后的賓語(yǔ)主要是某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)，如discussion, movement, revolution, debate等?！具\(yùn)用】將下列句子翻譯成漢語(yǔ)。1) Many children in the poor village cant attend school although they have reached the school age.2) Daniel is sick now and he needs someone to attend to him.丹尼爾現(xiàn)在生病了，需要有人照顧他。那個(gè)貧窮的村子里許多孩子雖然到了上學(xué)的年齡但卻上

8、不了學(xué)。2. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposes to cholera. expose vt. 暴露；揭露；使曝光 e.g. The soldiers were warned not to expose themselves. Dont expose these drawings to the air. expose與介詞_連用。 toThe report exposes the weaknesses of modern medical practice. Marys beau

9、ty will expose her to many dangers.expose“使面臨，使遭受(危險(xiǎn)或不快)”。 It is said that the film has been exposed.expose可意為“使曝光”。 意為_揭露，揭穿【拓展】exposure n.暴露，揭露翻譯下列句子。1) Dont expose babies to strong sunlight.2) The girl didnt want to expose her fears to anyone.不要把嬰兒暴露在烈日下。這位女孩不想向任何人顯露她的恐懼。3. Neither its cause nor

10、its cure was understood. cure既可作名詞，也可作動(dòng)詞。 e.g. Her cure took six weeks. There is no certain cure for this disease. cure作名詞時(shí)，意為“治愈，痊愈”；也 可意為“藥，藥物，療法”，常與介詞 _連用。for This medicine should cure you of your cold.cure作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，意為“治愈，治好（病人或動(dòng)物）”，常構(gòu)成搭配_； Many types of cancer can now be cured.cure也可意為“治好（疾?。?。cure s

11、b. of sth. * When you have a pain in your shoulders, you will go to see a doctor. The doctor will cure you. He will cure the pain in your shoulders. Aspirin is said to be a wonderful cure for the pain.給出cure的中文含義。v. 治愈n. 療法v. 治愈4. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bod

12、ies with their meals.e.g. Clever children absorb knowledge easily. 聰明的孩子吸收知識(shí)快。absorb 吸收; 吸引; 使專心; 合并; 吞并Aspirin is quickly absorbed by /into the body. 阿司匹林被身體吸收很快。be absorbed by, absorb into 意為_ e.g. The big company has gradually absorbed these small companies into its own organization.這家大公司逐漸將這些小公司

13、吞并了。 被吞并；為所吸收He is absorbed in the research of Chinese history recently. 他最近專心于研究中國(guó)歷史。be absorbed in = concentrate on表示“_”。專心于某事absorb ones attention 吸引某人的注意力 e.g. Chinese history absorbs his attention recently.5. In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 peopl

14、e died in ten days.severe adj. 嚴(yán)重的；劇烈的；嚴(yán)厲的severe當(dāng)意為“嚴(yán)重的；嚴(yán)肅的”時(shí)，和serious相近；當(dāng)意為“嚴(yán)厲的；嚴(yán)格的”時(shí)，與strict相近。be severe on (upon) / with sb. 對(duì)某人嚴(yán)厲或嚴(yán)格e.g. The drought is becoming increasingly severe. 旱災(zāi)日趨嚴(yán)重。 He _ his children. 他對(duì)子女很嚴(yán)格。 You are too _ the boy. 你對(duì)那個(gè)男孩太嚴(yán)厲了。 I felt a severe pain in the chest. 我感到胸口劇烈疼

15、痛。is severe withsevere on (upon)表示“傷勢(shì)嚴(yán)重”要用severe, 不用serious; 但指“疾病嚴(yán)重”時(shí), 兩者都可與illness連接。e.g. She received _ head injuries in the accident. 在事故中她的頭部受了重傷。 I was laid up for six weeks with a severe /serious illness. 由于重病，我臥床六個(gè)星期。此句不可用serious。severe6. Many of the deaths were near the water pump in Broad

16、Street (especially numbers 16, 37, 38 and 40).pump n. 泵 (油泵; 氣泵), 抽水機(jī), 打氣筒If have a flat tyre, you will pump air into the tyre. (You will pump up your tyre.) When my car was short of gas, I went to the gas station, where the guy pumped gas.根據(jù)例句給出pump的含義。v. 打氣v. 打氣We had a debate yesterday. The livel

17、y debate really pumped us up.His heart was pumping fast.During the drought last year, the villagers had pumped the well dry, but got no more water.v. 給打氣v. 心跳v. 把井水抽干6. It seemed that the water was to blame.觀察blame在句中的詞性、含義及用法。1) Many children are afraid of being blamed for making mistakes in speaki

18、ng English. blame作動(dòng)詞，意為“責(zé)備；譴責(zé)”，blame sb. / sth. _ sth. 因某事而指責(zé)某人/某事for2) Its no use blaming our defeat on the player. _ 把某事歸咎于某人/某事3) Its you who are to blame for the accident. _ 對(duì)某事負(fù)有責(zé)任（主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)）blame sth. on sb. / sth.be to blame for sth.4) You must take the blame for the mistakes in the report. blame

19、作名詞，意為“過(guò)失；責(zé)備”，take the blame 承擔(dān)責(zé)任。5) The boss always puts the blame for the failure on us. put the blame for sth. on sb. 把某事歸咎于某人?！具\(yùn)用】將下列句子翻譯成英語(yǔ)。1) 那次事故怪不著孩子們。2) 警察把那起交通事故歸咎于杰克的粗心 駕駛。The police blamed the traffic accident on Jacks careless driving. The children were not to blame for the accident. 7.

20、 He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used.handle n. 柄；把手 A. 操作; 運(yùn)用 B. 經(jīng)銷; 買賣 C. 管理 D. 對(duì)待 E. 應(yīng)付 F. 控制; 管handle v.Choose the Chinese explanations in the box.1) Ms Hawkins, the chief accountant of the company handles the c

21、ompanys accounts.C. 管理2) The children are so naughty that I cant handle them.3) She handled a difficult argument skillfully.F. 控制; 管E. 應(yīng)付 A. 操作; 運(yùn)用 B. 經(jīng)銷; 買賣 C. 管理 D. 對(duì)待 E. 應(yīng)付 F. 控制; 管4) Handle children kindly, if you want them to trust you.5) This shop handles paper and stationery.6) He learnt how

22、to handle the axe.D. 對(duì)待B. 經(jīng)銷；買賣A. 操作；運(yùn)用 A. 操作; 運(yùn)用 B. 經(jīng)銷; 買賣 C. 管理 D. 對(duì)待 E. 應(yīng)付 F. 控制; 管8. In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.e.g. A lot of links fitted together form a chain. link n. (鏈狀物的)環(huán), 節(jié) 研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了吸煙和心臟病之間的關(guān)系

23、。Researchers have detected a link between smoking and heart disease.link n. 聯(lián)系The two towns are linked by a railway. The new bridge will link the island to the mainland.link v. 連接9. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.e.g. They

24、 have announced the date of their wedding in the newspaper. She announced that she has no intention of leaving her husband. announce作_詞，意為“_ _”，后可接名詞或that從句。動(dòng)宣布、通告Gathering clouds announced the oncoming storm.announce為“預(yù)示”。 【拓展】announcement n. 宣告、布告、通告、宣布，可數(shù)名詞announcer n. 廣播員、報(bào)幕員10. The water compan

25、ies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more.instruct vt. 命令；指示；囑咐；吩咐；教導(dǎo)（教授知識(shí)或技術(shù)）；訓(xùn)練【拓展】instructor n. 教員；教練）instruction n. （命令；指示；說(shuō)明）。e.g. The teacher instructed him to start early. 老師命令他早動(dòng)身。 Ive been instructed to wait here until the lecturer arrives. 我得到指示在這兒等到講課老師到來(lái)。 He ins

26、tructs a class in history. 他教授一個(gè)班的歷史。 Read the instructions on the pocket. 看一下袋子上的說(shuō)明。instruct指向一個(gè)人或一組人傳授知識(shí), 但并不清楚他們是否學(xué)到什么。teach是最普通的詞, 可指或不指學(xué)術(shù)方面的學(xué)習(xí); 作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí), 表示教書生涯。tutor指一學(xué)生與一老師的關(guān)系, 常指課外的一個(gè)教師對(duì)一個(gè)學(xué)生的補(bǔ)習(xí)工作。educate指范圍更廣泛的學(xué)術(shù)過(guò)程, 完成比teach更大的結(jié)果。train指使一個(gè)人或一組人在某一專門的技能或職業(yè)方面達(dá)到必要的水平, 也可指訓(xùn)練動(dòng)物。coach 指在普通的教育體系之外訓(xùn)練

27、或培養(yǎng)一個(gè)人或一組人, 常為了通過(guò)某項(xiàng)專門的考試。e.g. I taught history for many years. 我教歷史好多年了。 Who taught you to ride a bicycle? 誰(shuí)教你騎自行車的？ He instructed us in English, but some of them made little progress. 他教我們英語(yǔ)，但我們有些人幾乎 沒有進(jìn)步。In his spare time, he tutored me in English. 在課余時(shí)間，他教我英語(yǔ)。The writer was educated at a very goo

28、d school. 這位作家在一所很好的學(xué)校里受過(guò)教育。It takes several years to train a doctor. 培養(yǎng)一名醫(yī)生要花好幾年時(shí)間。He coached her for the English examination. 他輔導(dǎo)她英語(yǔ)考試。So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. 每次暴發(fā)霍亂時(shí)，就有大批驚恐的老百姓病死。本句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。主句是So many thousands of terrified people died；every ti

29、me引導(dǎo)_從句。SENTENCE EXPLANATIONS時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) every time作連詞，意為“每次，每 當(dāng)” 。注意：immediately, the moment, directly, instantly等與every time一樣，都可以用作連詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“一就”?！痉聦憽棵慨?dāng)聽到這首歌，她都會(huì)忍不住哭起來(lái)。 She couldnt help crying / bursting into tears every time she heard the song. 2. He became interested in two theories that possibly e

30、xplained how cholera killed people. 他對(duì)可能解釋霍亂致人死亡的兩種推測(cè)都很感興趣。本句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。主句是He became interested in two theories；that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞_，且在從句中作_。theories主語(yǔ)該定語(yǔ)從句中又包含一個(gè)由how引導(dǎo)的_從句?！痉聦憽考s翰決定買那本描述地球上生命起 源的書。_賓語(yǔ)John decided to buy the book that described how life began on the earth.3. A woman, who had moved away fr

31、om Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. 有一位婦女是從寬街搬過(guò)來(lái)的，她特別喜歡那里的水，每天都要派人從水泵打水運(yùn)到家里來(lái)。 本句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。主句的主干是A woman liked the water；who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，對(duì)_ 進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。so . that .在此引導(dǎo)_從句。had it delivered是have sth. done結(jié)構(gòu)，在此意為“讓/請(qǐng)別人做某事”。woman 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ) 【仿寫】五年前從這

32、個(gè)街區(qū)搬走的梅變了好多，剛才我?guī)缀鯖]認(rèn)出她來(lái)。 Mei, who moved from the neighbourhood five years ago, had changed so much that I almost didnt recognise her just now. draw a conclusionexpose tolink to absorbintolook intoslow downdie of得出結(jié)論使顯露；暴露將和聯(lián)系或連接起來(lái)吸收調(diào)查減慢死于I.根據(jù)下面各句句意以及所給單詞的首字母或漢語(yǔ)提示詞，寫出該單詞的正確形式（每空一詞）。1. The local people complain that chemical waste from factories is p_ the river.2. The children are the helpless _ (受 害者) of the fighting.3. In cold climates, houses need to have walls that will a_ heat.pollutin