2023考研英語基礎階段精讀復習方法及步驟

1、2023考研英語根底階段精讀復習方法及步驟2023年3月份一開學，各位學子迎來了新的學期，這也就意味著考研復習根底階段的黃金時期到來了，所以各位學子一定要抓住這段黃金復習期，提高自己的英語根底水平?？佳杏⒄Z根底階段的主要任務是攻克詞匯和語法長難句。但是背單詞是各位考生最為頭疼的事情。與此同時，長難句由于缺乏語境也很難理解。面對此種情況，為各位學子推薦一種輕松記憶單詞和長難句的好方法。在這個階段，各位學子可以認真研讀1994-2004年的真題，從真題中汲取營養(yǎng)，攻克詞匯和語法長難句。7月份之前，如果各位考生能夠將10年52篇文章做到精讀，相信大家的詞匯和語法長難句一定會有大的突破，并且為強化階段

2、的學習奠定堅實的根底。根底階段精讀復習方法及步驟：1 快速瀏覽選項，把握文章主題2 精讀各段落，攻克詞匯和語法長難句3 作答題目，理解文章含義4 翻譯全文，再次穩(wěn)固復習詞匯和語法長難句下面我們?yōu)楦魑粚W子精細分析1994年Text1The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise， market- oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their m

3、oney in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. Private businessmen， striving to make profits， produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen； and the profit motive， operating under competitive pressures， largely determines how these goods and servic

4、es are produced. Thus， in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers， coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes， that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it

5、.An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers. In the American economy， this mechanism is provided by a price system， a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and

6、 supplies offered by seller-producers. If the product is in short supply relative to the demand， the price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market. If， on the other hand， producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost， this will tend to increase the supply of

7、fered by seller-producers， which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus， price is the regulating mechanism in the American economic system.The important factor in a private enterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own productive resources private

8、 property， and they are permitted to hire labor， gain control over natural resources， and produce goods and services for sale at a profit. In the American economy， the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights， including the right to

9、determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.1. In Para 1，“the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes means _.A Americans are never satisfied with their incomesB Americans tend to overstate their incomesC Americans want to have their incomes in

10、creasedD Americans want to increase the purchasing power of their incomes2. The first two sentences in the second paragraph tell us that _.A producers can satisfy the consumers by mechanized productionB consumers can express their demands through producersC producers decide the prices of productsD s

11、upply and demand regulate prices3. According to the text， a private-enterprise economy is characterized by _.A private property and rights concernedB manpower and natural resources controlC ownership of productive resourcesD free contracts and prices4. The text is mainly about _.A how American goods

12、 are producedB how American consumers buy their goodsC how American economic system worksD how American businessmen make their profits一、快速瀏覽選項，把握文章主題根據(jù)題干中“the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes，a private-enterprise economy，可知本篇文章屬于經(jīng)濟類文章，而且通過individuals和a private-enterprise economy可知本文一定

13、與私有經(jīng)濟有關。二、精讀各段落，攻克詞匯和語法長難句詞匯精解1 enterprise n.企事業(yè)單位，事業(yè)，事業(yè)心，進取心；private 私人企業(yè)，2orient v.為定方向，為定位，n.東方；oriental a.東方的；-oriented后綴意思是：以為目標的，如：market- oriened以市場為導向的3strive v.奮斗，爭取，strive to/for/against 努力，爭取4motive n.動機，目的；a.運動的，發(fā)動的5coupled with 與結合在一起；couple v.連接，結合6mechanism n.機制，機構，機械裝置， mechanicsn.力學

14、，機械學7bid n. / v.出價，投標， bid up 哄抬價格8regulating a.調(diào)節(jié)的，regulate v. regulation n.9gain control over獲得對的控制10 profit n.利潤，收益，益處，at a profit獲得利潤地；v.獲益，得利，有利于， profit by/from sth.長難句精解The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise， market- oriented economy in which consumers

15、 largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.該句的主干是“The American economic system is organized around a economy in which， economy 前面的定語修飾成分是private-enterprise， market-oriented，后面是in which 引導的定語從句。從句的主干是“consumers

16、 determine what by spending for， what 引導賓語從句，by引導的分詞結構做狀語，而這個方式狀語中for引導的介詞短語又做動詞spend的目的狀語，此外，其中還嵌套了一個that引導的定語從句。譯文：美國的經(jīng)濟體制是在根本上由私營企業(yè)組成并以市場為導向的經(jīng)濟根底上建立起來的。在這個經(jīng)濟體制上，需要生產(chǎn)什么主要是由消費者在市場上花錢購置他們最需要的商品和效勞決定的。Thus， in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers ， coupled with the de

17、sire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes， that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.此句的主干是it is that together determine強調(diào)句。coupled with和and連接三個并列成分the demand of individual consumers， the desire of bu

18、sinessmen to maximize profits和the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes.determine后是what和how連接的并列的賓語從句，句末it指代的是前面的what shall be produced.譯文：在美國經(jīng)濟體制中，消費者個人的需求、商人獲取最大利潤的追求和消費者渴望最大限度地增加自己的收入共同決定應該生產(chǎn)什么和如何利用資源去生產(chǎn)這些產(chǎn)品。In the American economy， the concept of private property embraces not only the

19、ownership of productive resources but also certain rights， including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual .注意句子主干是：the concept of private property embraces not only but also。其中including分詞結構做后置定語，對certain rights進行修飾。句中的embrace意思是：擁有，

20、包括。譯文：在美國經(jīng)濟中，私人財產(chǎn)的概念不僅僅包含對生產(chǎn)資料的所有權，還包含某些其他權利，其中包括對產(chǎn)品的定價格和與另一私營者簽訂自由合同的權利。If， on the other hand， producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost， this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers， which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the produ

21、ct.該句的主干是“If this will tend to increase which will，前面條件從句的主語是動名詞producing，主句的主語this 指的是reducing its cost這件事，定語從句中的which指代整個主句的內(nèi)容。in turn意思是：相應地，轉而。如：Increased production will， in turn， lead to increased profits.增加生產(chǎn)會繼而增加利潤。譯文：另一方面，如果商品的大量生產(chǎn)導致本錢的降低，這會促使增加銷售商和生產(chǎn)商的供給，從而反過來導致價格下降，致使更多的消費者購置產(chǎn)品。三、作答題目，理解文

22、章含義1.【答案】D【解析】詞義句意題。先定位到第一段末句。解題的關鍵是看對maximize的理解。原文所在句“coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes將生產(chǎn)者和消費者的愿望對照來說。句中的兩個maximize平衡并列，作用、意義完全相同。因此知道m(xù)aximize在第一處的意義即可知道第二處之意。眾所周知，商人總是想用最少的投入取得最大的利潤，這就是maximize的意義。由此可知，消費者希望使一定的收入取得

23、最大限度的效益，即用現(xiàn)有收入買到更多更好的商品。而D選項恰是此意。A和B選項未在原文提及。C選項反映的是勞資雙方的關系，而不是生產(chǎn)者與消費者之間的關系。2.【答案】D【解析】事實細節(jié)題。D選項就是該段第二句“prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers的概括，為正確答案。A選項在這兩句中并未涉及。注意文中第一句的mechanism意為“機制，而該選項中的mechanized意為“機械化，二者含義不同。誤選B選項的考生是對該段首句

24、的語法成分分析錯誤。它是一個省略句，補全后應該是“An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and by which consumer demands can be responded to by producers。由此可知，消費者通過這一機制表達他們的需求，而生產(chǎn)者那么通過這一機制對他們的需求作出反響。B選項理解成consumer demands can be expressedby producers.C選項與第二

25、句“供求關系決定價格不符，也應該排除。此題亦可通過經(jīng)濟常識解答。注意：干擾選項經(jīng)常使用原文中出現(xiàn)的詞語或類似的結構偽造，所以對那些出現(xiàn)了原詞的選項一定要仔細識別真?zhèn)巍?.【答案】A【解析】主旨題。題干要求考生答復私營企業(yè)經(jīng)濟的特點，即第三段的主題。該段只有兩句。第一句強調(diào)的是私營企業(yè)最重要的因素是個人擁有生產(chǎn)資料私人財產(chǎn)、允許個人雇用勞動力和控制自然資源。第二句是指私人財產(chǎn)的概念還包含某些其他權利，如：產(chǎn)品價格的決定權或與其他私有個體的自由簽約權。尤其第二句的not only but also更說明了此段主旨。A選項是對上述內(nèi)容的概括，為正確答案。而B、C和D選項雖然都在第三段述及，但是都是A選項下的具體內(nèi)容，缺乏概括性，不應該入選。命題意圖要求考生區(qū)分段落細節(jié)與段落中心是局部與整體的關系。4.【答案】C【解析】