魚(yú)用疫苗在工業(yè)化海水養(yǎng)殖中的應(yīng)用

1、魚(yú)用疫苗在水產(chǎn)工業(yè)化養(yǎng)殖中的應(yīng)用Application of fish vaccines in industrial aquaculture匯報(bào)提綱 Outline 背景Background 魚(yú)用疫苗在工業(yè)化水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖中的應(yīng)用Fish vaccines applications 問(wèn)題與展望Problems & ProspectsI 背景 BackgroundsBy 2050, 70% more foodwill be required to feedthe worlds population.FAO, 2014蛋白質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化效率Efficient production of proteinsMari

2、neproteinsVegetable100公斤飼料投入100 kg feed gives:proteinsVegetableoilsMarineoils70605040302010065 kg20 kg13 kg pork 1,2 kg lambsalmonchicken65公斤鮭魚(yú) 20公斤雞肉 13公斤豬肉 1.2公斤羊肉以可食用肉質(zhì)計(jì)(Measured as edible meat)Eivind，2014It is clear that aquaculture will continueto fill the growing supply-demand gapin the face o

3、f rapidly expanding globalfish demand.水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖仍是滿足全球快速增長(zhǎng)的漁業(yè)消費(fèi)需求的主要途徑。Beyond 2030, aquaculture will likelydominate future global fish supply.China will likely still be at the top of the producer list of major fish species, but otherAsian countries/ regions will likely become stronger contributors of futu

4、reaquaculture growth.水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖-2030Consequently, ensuring successful and sustainable development ofglobal aquaculture is an imperative agenda for the global economy.持續(xù)穩(wěn)定發(fā)展的水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖業(yè)對(duì)于全球經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展影響巨大。But supplying fish sustainably-producing it without depletingproductive natural resources and without damaging thep

5、recious aquatic environment-is a huge challenge.建立不以資源依賴、環(huán)境破壞為代價(jià)的穩(wěn)定發(fā)展模式，富有挑戰(zhàn)。工業(yè)化水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖工業(yè)化水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖 Industrial aquaculture生物安保遺養(yǎng)殖工程病害-防控Diseases-ControlLoss caused directly by diseases:More than 10 billion RMB Yuan per year.藥物殘留(Drug residues) 環(huán)境安全(Environmental security)抗藥性(Resistance) Diseases controlFrom

6、 Web病原 Pathogens水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖動(dòng)物病原上百種，具有地域多樣性、宿主特異性等特征細(xì)菌（Bacterium）、病毒（Virus）、寄生蟲(chóng)（Parasite）、真菌（Fungus）From WebFrom Web疫苗-免疫應(yīng)答Vaccines-Immune Responses疫苗是人類文明進(jìn)程中不可替代的發(fā)明成果天花（天花病毒，Smallpox）脊髓灰質(zhì)炎（脊髓灰質(zhì)炎病毒，Poliovirus）白百咳、乙型肝炎、狂犬病、流感抗原1抗原2抗原3抗體1抗體2抗體3導(dǎo)入抗原免疫應(yīng)答分泌抗體疫苗主動(dòng)介導(dǎo)發(fā)生宿主自身免疫應(yīng)答特異性有效性預(yù)防性正確的疫苗接種，接近自然過(guò)程，沒(méi)有殘留，持續(xù)期長(zhǎng)，環(huán)境友好

7、，有效預(yù)防疾病發(fā)生。是水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖病害防控的有效手段。食品安全問(wèn)題環(huán)境安全問(wèn)題微生物抗性問(wèn)題抗原成分滅活疫苗亞單位疫苗減毒疫苗全細(xì)胞滅活疫苗減毒活疫苗亞單位疫苗DNA疫苗抗原導(dǎo)入方式注射免疫浸泡免疫口服免疫M(jìn)arian McLoughlin，F(xiàn)ish vaccination, 2006.II 魚(yú)用疫苗的應(yīng)用II 魚(yú)用疫苗的應(yīng)用300,000,000 salmons/year100,000,000 injected twice60504030201001200Use of antibiotics in fishFish production100080060040020001. Use of vac

8、cines.2. Genetic breeding.3. Strict scientific management.7479848994990409Roar Gudding,2010.3.26 Beijing75.6Salmon productionAntibiotics use351482007年養(yǎng)殖情況比較。2008年-2009年，智利大西洋鮭養(yǎng)殖暴發(fā)嚴(yán)重的病毒性病害。0.13ChileNorwayFAO 2009II 魚(yú)用疫苗的應(yīng)用有相當(dāng)數(shù)制品業(yè)挪威大西洋鮭細(xì)Viral and bactesalmon industr單價(jià)疫苗多價(jià)疫苗多聯(lián)疫苗自動(dòng)麻醉機(jī)Automatic anaesthet

9、ization全自動(dòng)免疫注射機(jī)Automatic vaccinating by injection自動(dòng)浸泡機(jī)Fully-automatic immersion自動(dòng)分級(jí)VAKI - FishGrader裝備研發(fā)為產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展提供了重要保障專業(yè)分工疫苗生產(chǎn)裝備支撐疫苗接種健康養(yǎng)殖挪威養(yǎng)殖現(xiàn)場(chǎng)進(jìn)行大西洋鮭魚(yú)注射免疫Atlantic salmon immunization In Norway全自動(dòng)疫苗接種2萬(wàn)-3萬(wàn)尾/小時(shí)。50g, PD; 70g, 6 antigens注射后3天即可攝食（操作與疫苗）6050403020100120010008006004002000Use of antibiotics

10、 in fishFish production挪威大西洋鮭養(yǎng)殖產(chǎn)量魚(yú)抗生素用量變化7479848994990409Roar Gudding,2010.3.26 Beijing挪威大西洋鮭養(yǎng)殖產(chǎn)出效率（投入1尾魚(yú)苗的產(chǎn)出量）Yield pr smolt (kg harvestedsalmon pr. smolt put to sea)II 魚(yú)用疫苗的應(yīng)用有效的疫苗制品成熟的裝備平臺(tái)規(guī)范的技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)良好的養(yǎng)殖平臺(tái)II 魚(yú)用疫苗的應(yīng)用有效的疫苗制品在前期大量工作基礎(chǔ)上，2014、2016年分別大規(guī)模制備了大西洋鮭疫苗制品。II 魚(yú)用疫苗的應(yīng)用III 問(wèn)題與展望 Problems & Prospects

11、1. 接種疫苗是魚(yú)類工業(yè)化健康養(yǎng)殖的必需環(huán)節(jié)Vaccination is indispensable in industrial aquaculture經(jīng)濟(jì)損失生產(chǎn)成本治療效果食品安全產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展III 問(wèn)題與展望 Problems & Prospects2. 推廣魚(yú)用疫苗在生產(chǎn)中的應(yīng)用任務(wù)艱巨地域多樣病原多樣性宿主多樣性準(zhǔn)確評(píng)估疫苗應(yīng)用可行性扎實(shí)的研究積累流行病學(xué)調(diào)查疾病診斷、病原分有效的制 穩(wěn)定規(guī)范品&成熟的 的養(yǎng)殖生免疫疫、應(yīng)用裝備產(chǎn)平臺(tái)III 問(wèn)題與展望 Problems & Prospects3. 病害預(yù)防是一項(xiàng)系統(tǒng)工程Prevention of infectious diseases

12、A holistic approach（1）疫苗是工業(yè)化健康養(yǎng)殖病害防控的必要條件，但不是充分條件Dose-respons challenge of furunculosis10090807060UNVACCINATEDGROUPS50403020100VACCINATEDGROUPSEivind， 2014Challenge pressure (bacteria/ml injected)3. 病害預(yù)防是一項(xiàng)系統(tǒng)工程Prevention of infectious diseases A holistic approach（2）疫苗是病害防控的第一道防線10090HERD IMMUNITYV.STRATEGY80706050403020100OPTIMALLOCALISAT