初高英語(yǔ)銜接-《英語(yǔ)句子成分及基本結(jié)構(gòu)》課件41張

1、英語(yǔ)句子成分及基本結(jié)構(gòu) 英語(yǔ)句子成分及基本結(jié)構(gòu) 淺談警察的五點(diǎn)作風(fēng)20 xx-5-19人民警察肩負(fù)著“維護(hù)國(guó)家安全,維護(hù)社會(huì)治安穩(wěn)定秩序,保護(hù)公民的人身安全、人身自由和合法財(cái)產(chǎn),保護(hù)公共財(cái)產(chǎn),預(yù)防、制止和懲治違法犯罪活動(dòng)”的神圣職責(zé)其一言一行,一舉一動(dòng)均與國(guó)家安危,社會(huì)榮枯,經(jīng)濟(jì)興衰戚戚相關(guān),正因?yàn)槿绱恕皳?dān)任人民警察必須具有良好的政治、業(yè)務(wù)素質(zhì)和良好的品行。人民警察法的這一規(guī)定,高度地概括了人民警察作為一個(gè)執(zhí)法者,應(yīng)具有特殊的修養(yǎng)和道德風(fēng)貌。人民警察工作的特殊性,決定了人民警察不僅應(yīng)具備一定的文化基礎(chǔ)和健康條件,更重要的是,它決定了人民警察應(yīng)具有一種精神,這種精神具體表現(xiàn)在人民警察必須具備“立

2、場(chǎng)堅(jiān)定,愛(ài)憎分明;剛直不阿,威武不屈;執(zhí)法如山,嫉惡如仇;謙虛謹(jǐn)慎,不搞特權(quán);廉潔奉公,遵紀(jì)守法;努力學(xué)習(xí),精通業(yè)務(wù)”的特殊品格。(一)立場(chǎng)堅(jiān)定,愛(ài)憎分明毋疑置否,人民警察的立場(chǎng)是國(guó)家的立場(chǎng),是人民的立場(chǎng)。國(guó)家和人民的利益,是我們一切工作的出發(fā)點(diǎn),同時(shí)也是我們一切工作的歸宿。我們必須站在這一立場(chǎng)上,堅(jiān)持國(guó)家和人民的利益,并以之去觀察問(wèn)題,分析問(wèn)題和解決問(wèn)題,凡是利國(guó)利民的事,我們就旗幟鮮明地去支持,去保護(hù),否則,就反對(duì),就打擊。立場(chǎng)（一）句子成分的定義 構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分； 主要成分有主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)； 次要成分有表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。淺談

3、警察的五點(diǎn)作風(fēng)（一）句子成分的定義 構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部（二）句子的具體成分主語(yǔ)（subject)：主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體，主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)講述的對(duì)象，表示所說(shuō)的“是什么”或“是誰(shuí)”。一般由名詞、代詞、不定代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的單詞或短語(yǔ)來(lái)充當(dāng)，也有從句充當(dāng)?shù)默F(xiàn)象。大多數(shù)主語(yǔ)都在句首。（二）句子的具體成分主語(yǔ)（subject)：主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)句子所1 The room is very clean. （名詞）2 We often speak English . （代詞）3 Eight is my lucky number. （數(shù)詞）4To teach them English is my job. （動(dòng)詞不定

4、式）1 The room is very clean. 5 Swimming is good for our health. (動(dòng)名詞）6.What we need is food. （句子）7.The poor are everywhere in some countries. (the +形容詞)5 Swimming is good for our hea找出下面句子的主語(yǔ)1. Our school is not far from my home. 2. To talk with you is a great pleasure 3. Cleaning the house needs a l

5、ot of time.4. They are our good friends.5. What he said was right.6. Eight is a lucky number in China .找出下面句子的主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)(predicate) 謂語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài),說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“做什么”，“是什么”，“怎么樣”。謂 語(yǔ)必須是動(dòng)詞，體現(xiàn)時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)，一般放在主語(yǔ)之后。謂語(yǔ)分簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)和復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)：1、簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)：由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如： He practices running every morning.2、復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)：由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形 或其他助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞某種形式構(gòu)成。

6、 如： He can speak English. 謂語(yǔ)(predicate) 謂語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特常見(jiàn)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：can / could 能，可以，可能may / might 可以，可能need 需要must 必須，務(wù)必will /would 表意愿should 應(yīng)該have to 不得不 + 動(dòng)詞原形作謂語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：can / could 能，可以，可能 + 助動(dòng)詞：幫助構(gòu)成時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)，不同時(shí)態(tài)有不同的助動(dòng)詞,后加動(dòng)詞的某種形式構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)： does/ do一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)： did一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)： will / shall過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)： would/ should現(xiàn)在

7、完成時(shí)態(tài)： have / has過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)： had現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)：am / is / are 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)：was /were助動(dòng)詞：幫助構(gòu)成時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)，不同時(shí)態(tài)有不同的助動(dòng)詞,后加動(dòng)詞We always get up at seven.They are talking about something.He went to the park yesterday.The boy can play guitar very well.He doesnt like speaking Chinese.I have seen the film before.He didnt finish his hom

8、ework last night.We always get up at seven.找出下列句子的謂語(yǔ)1. We saw them playing football.2. Our teacher is telling us something.3. A blind man was walking slowly.4. Friends make my life full of excitement.5. Recently ,we have developed the good habit.6. We must study English very hard.7. Our country will

9、 become stronger.8. The train had left by 10 last night.找出下列句子的謂語(yǔ)1. We saw them playin表語(yǔ)(predicative) 表語(yǔ)用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)是什么或怎么樣，它一般位于系動(dòng)詞之后，構(gòu)成主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀況，性質(zhì)，特征等。表語(yǔ)(predicative) 表語(yǔ)用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)是什么常見(jiàn)的系動(dòng)詞：1. 表狀態(tài)：be 2. 表感官：look, sound, smell, taste, feel3. 表變化：become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, fall4. 表持續(xù),保持：keep,remai

10、n,stay5. 表似乎,像：seem，appear常見(jiàn)的系動(dòng)詞：1. 表狀態(tài)：be 1 I am a teacher. （名詞）2 I am ten. （數(shù)詞）3 He became rich and successful. （形容詞）4 Everyone is here. （副詞）5 They are at home now. （ 介詞短語(yǔ)）6 My job is to teach them English. （不定式）1 I am a teacher. （名詞）找出下列句子的表語(yǔ)1. We are the master of our future.2. The old man felt

11、very sad.3. Our country will become stronger4. My father kept silent.5. Your words seemed right.6. The drink tastes quite wonderful.7. In spring the trees turn green.找出下列句子的表語(yǔ)1. We are the master 8. The boy is very clever.9. No one remains young forever.10. The girl has become skillful.11. It doesnt

12、 seem quite true.12. The idea sounds wonderful.8. The boy is very clever.賓語(yǔ)(object) 賓語(yǔ)：表示動(dòng)作所涉及的對(duì)象，內(nèi)容或承受者。 賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)賓：動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)介賓：介詞+賓語(yǔ)例：read books like English The book is good for us .賓語(yǔ)(object) 賓語(yǔ)：表示動(dòng)作所涉及的對(duì)象，內(nèi)容1 He is playing the piano.（名詞）2 He often helps me.（代詞）3 He likes to watch TV. (動(dòng)詞不定式）4 He likes wa

13、tching TV. （動(dòng)詞ing)5.I dont know what he is talking. (句子）1 He is playing the piano.（名詞）找出下列句子的賓語(yǔ) My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming . The old man sitting at th

14、e gate said he was ill.找出下列句子的賓語(yǔ) My brother hasnt d賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 英語(yǔ)中有些句子只有賓語(yǔ)并不能表達(dá)完整的意思，還必須在賓語(yǔ)的后面加上賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)才能表達(dá)完整的意思。我們把“賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”稱(chēng)為復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)表達(dá)的意思相當(dāng)于一個(gè)句子的意思。賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 英語(yǔ)中有些句子只有賓語(yǔ)并不能表達(dá)完整的意思1 We called him Dongming.（名詞）2 We saw him playing soccer. （現(xiàn)在分詞）3 We saw him play soccer. (省to不定式)4 We found math difficult.（形容詞

15、）5 Mom makes me study all day. （省to不定式）1 We called him Dongming.（名詞）找出句子中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.找出句子中

16、的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) She likes the 定語(yǔ) 修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語(yǔ)為定語(yǔ)。定語(yǔ)可由以下等成分表示： 1 She is a beautiful city.（形容詞）2 My beef noodles is here. ( 代詞）（名詞） 3 The boy with glasses is my brother. (介詞短語(yǔ)） 4 I have something to say.( 不定式）定語(yǔ) 修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語(yǔ)為定語(yǔ)。定語(yǔ)可由以下等成找出下列句子的定語(yǔ)1. The black bike is mine.2. Whats your name?3. I have five books.

17、4. They made paper flowers.5. The book in the room is Jack.6. It is a swimming pool.7. Do you know the sleeping boy.找出下列句子的定語(yǔ)1. The black bike is 狀語(yǔ)(adverbial)狀語(yǔ)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或全句的句子成分, 說(shuō)明方式、因果、條件、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、讓步、方向、程度、目的，比較等,可用作狀語(yǔ)的有副詞, 不定式, 分詞, 介詞短語(yǔ), 從句等。 狀語(yǔ)(adverbial)狀語(yǔ)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或全句的1. Tom runs quickly.2. I

18、 get up at six every day.3 .I play soccer very well.4. In the classroom, the boy needs a pen. 5. Having to finish his homework, the boy needs a pen.6. The boy needs a pen to do his homework.1. Tom runs quickly. 找出下列句子的狀語(yǔ)1. We arrived at Shanghai at six yesterday.2. She didnt go to the party because

19、of the rain.3. Mr Smith lives in America.4. In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.5. He was so tired that he fell asleep quickly.6. I am taller than he is. 找出下列句子的狀語(yǔ)1. We arrived at Sh同位語(yǔ) 同位語(yǔ)是在名詞或代詞之后并列名詞或代詞或名詞短語(yǔ)對(duì)前者加以說(shuō)明的成分，近乎于后置定語(yǔ)。如： We students should study hard. We all are stude

20、nts. Carol , an American teacher, will come to our school.同位語(yǔ) 同位語(yǔ)是在名詞或代詞之后并列名詞或代詞或名詞短語(yǔ)對(duì)獨(dú)立成分 有時(shí)句子中會(huì)有一些與句子沒(méi)有語(yǔ)法聯(lián)系的成分，稱(chēng)為句子獨(dú)立成分感嘆詞：oh,hello,aha,ah,等。 肯定詞yes 否定詞no 稱(chēng)呼語(yǔ)：mum, dad。 插入語(yǔ)：一些句中插入的 I think , I believe,等。 如: The story, I think, has never come to the end情態(tài)詞,表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的語(yǔ)氣（多作為修飾全句的狀語(yǔ)）:perhaps也許,maybe大概,ac

21、tually實(shí)際上,certainly當(dāng)然，等。 獨(dú)立成分 有時(shí)句子中會(huì)有一些與句子沒(méi)有語(yǔ)法聯(lián)系的成分，稱(chēng)1.簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句句子種類(lèi)兩種分類(lèi)法 1、按句子的用途可分四種： 1）陳述句（肯定、否定） 2）疑問(wèn)句（一般、特殊、選擇、反意） 3）祈使句 4）感嘆句1.簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句句子種類(lèi)兩種分類(lèi)法2、按句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可分三種：1）簡(jiǎn)單句： 只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)（或并列主語(yǔ)）和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ) （或并列謂語(yǔ)）。1. He often reads English in the morning.2. Tom and Mike are American boys.3. She likes drawing an

22、d often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.2、按句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可分三種：1）簡(jiǎn)單句：2) 并列句：由并列連詞（and, but, or等）或分號(hào)（；）把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句連在一起構(gòu)成。 e.g. 1. You help him and he helps you. 2. He wants to go there but I dont 3. Hurry up, or you will be late. 4. This house belongs to Mr.Smith； It costs millions of dollars.2) 并列句：由并

23、列連詞（and, but, or等）或分號(hào)3）復(fù)合句：含有一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上從句的句子 。復(fù)合句包含：名詞性從句、定語(yǔ)從句， 狀語(yǔ)從句等。1. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall. (狀從）2. This is the book that I want. （定從）3. I think that he is right. (賓從）3）復(fù)合句：含有一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上從句的句子 判斷下列句子是簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句：We often study Chinese history on Fri

24、day afternoon.2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.3. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.4. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.5. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.簡(jiǎn)單句復(fù)合句簡(jiǎn)單句并列句復(fù)合句判斷下列句子是簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句還是復(fù)合

25、句：簡(jiǎn)單句復(fù)合句簡(jiǎn)單句并下列句子哪些是正確的？ 為什么？1. I like English, my English is very good.2. I like English and my English is very good. 3. As I like English, my English is very good. 4. I have a house, its windows are very big. 5. I have a house and its windows are very big. 5. I have a house, whose windows are very

26、big. 下列句子哪些是正確的？ 為什么？1. I like Engl簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型 1 主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞：( 主謂) 1 We work. 2 She came just now 3 They went. 常見(jiàn)的不及物動(dòng)詞：come go work walk swim arrive stay laugh happen簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型2 主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)(主系表)系動(dòng)詞一be動(dòng)詞類(lèi)：am、is、are、was、were 二表示變化類(lèi)：become、get、turn、grow、三感官動(dòng)詞類(lèi):look sound smell taste feel seem1 He is a student