英語(yǔ)國(guó)家社會(huì)與文化入門下冊(cè)課件BII-U8

1、英語(yǔ)國(guó)家社會(huì)與文化入門(下冊(cè)）The Society and Culture of Major English-Speaking CountriesIntroduction(Book Two)英語(yǔ)國(guó)家社會(huì)與文化入門(下冊(cè)）The Society aThe United States of AmericaUnit 8 Education in the United StatesThe United States of AmericaQuiz Give the English and a brief explanation for the following: 1 小學(xué) 2 教育委員會(huì) 3 高等教

2、育 4 軍人重新安置法案 5 肯定性行動(dòng)計(jì)劃 （平權(quán)法案） Quiz Give the English and a Focal Pointsdifferent education laws for different statesseveral levels of schoolingcurricula for studentscompulsory education for all childrenequal education opportunities for minority groupshigher education systemvarieties of colleges and u

3、niversitiestrends in degree programsthe Servicemens Readjustment ActAffirmative Action programsnon-traditional studentsFocal Pointsdifferent educatioThis Unit Is Divided into Nine Sections Going to School in America Today Education - A Local Matter What an American Student Learns Education in a New

4、Nation Learning to Be World Citizens Higher Education Selecting a College or UniversityTrends in Degree Programs Education for AllThis Unit Is Divided into NineI. Going to School in America Today American children go to school from kindergarten to the 12th grade, they attend classes for an average o

5、f five hours a day. The goal of education to achieve universal literacy and to provide individuals with the knowledge and skills necessary to promote both their individual and general public welfare.I. Going to School in America public schoolstake up about 90% of American students; boards of educati

6、on at the state and/or district level guide the spending, make decisions about the school curriculum, teacher standards and certification, and the overall measurement of student progresspublic schoolsprivate schoolstake up slightly over 10%; have the freedom to use the fees they collect and make dec

7、isions about the running of the schoolsfour out of five private schools are run by religious groups, and religious teachings are a part of the curriculum A private school in Georgia, USprivate schoolsII. Education A Local Matter each state in the U.S. has its own laws regulating education; though ag

8、e limits to attend schools vary, every child is guaranteed up to 13 years of education; some states play a strong role in the selection of learning material while others leave the decisions to local schools; boards of education often add courses on issues of public concerns to school curriculumII. E

9、ducation A Local MatterIII. What an American Student LearnsElementary School grades kindergarten(K) through 8 (in some places, includes only grades K 6). III. What an American Student Secondary school grades 9 12, popularly called “high school”; “junior high school” includes grades 7 9; “senior high

10、 school” usually includes grades 9 12. Secondary school grades 9 1CurriculumElementary school mathematics; language arts; penmanship; science; social studies; music; art; and physical education. some schools offer computer courses, or a second language courseCurriculumElementary school Secondary sch

11、ool required subjects: English, mathematics, science, social studies and physical education School boards differ greatly from one district to another in the amount of class time students spend on these basic subjects. 英語(yǔ)國(guó)家社會(huì)與文化入門下冊(cè)課件BII-U8Elective courses Electives can range from specialized academi

12、c to vocational subjects;e.g. a student finishes required units American history, he/she can take electives European history or world political issues.Some high schools specialize in particular types of subjects - business education, or industrial trades, or foreign languages. Elective courses Elect

13、ives can IV. Education in a New Nation In Massachusetts The Puritans founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630; They believed that every person should be able to read the Bible, and set up a system of education in the colony, eg. - In 1636, Harvard College was founded; - In 1634 and 1638, passed

14、laws using tax to support schools; The Puritans introduced two practices: compulsory education for all children and public taxation for schools. IV. Education in a New NatiThe statue of John Harvard, founder of Harvard University Harvard University: then and nowThe statue of John Harva In other colo

15、niesIn Pennsylvania, decisions about education were left to the leaders of each church. In southern colonies, the rich hired tutors for their children, or sent them to England for their education. Throughout the colonies, young people could learn reading by becoming an apprentice. The 10th amendment

16、 to the Constitution guarantees that certain power remains in the states.At the end of the 18th century, and till now, elementary education in the U.S. was and is in local hands. The 10th amendment to the ConsV. Learning to Be World CitizensThe postwar political, social, economic and technological c

17、hanges had impacts on education. The Supreme Court ruled that the practice of segregating blacks into separate schools was unconstitutional. (1954)U.S. Marshals escorted Ruby Bridges to an all-white school on Nov. 14, 1960. V. Learning to Be World CitizThe inquiry method of learning, focusing on sol

18、ving problems rather than memorizing facts, became popular.More science courses were added to the curriculum.Federal government spending on education increased.英語(yǔ)國(guó)家社會(huì)與文化入門下冊(cè)課件BII-U8 VI. Higher Education About one third of high school graduates go on to university. Students are admitted into college

19、on the basis of: a) their high school records; b) recommendations from their high school teachers; c) the impression they make during interviews at the university; and d) their scores on the SATs. VI. Higher Education AbHigher education system in the US Four categories of institutions - 1. the unive

20、rsity, which may contain: a) several colleges for undergraduate studentsb) one or more graduate schools for masters or a doctoral degree; 2. the four-year undergraduate institution - the college; 3. the technical training institution 4. the two-year, or community college.Higher education system in t

21、heUniversity of California ,Berkeley President Obama attending Barnard College Commencement英語(yǔ)國(guó)家社會(huì)與文化入門下冊(cè)課件BII-U8Higher education institutions might be publicly or privately funded. The quality and reputation of an institution is determined by its teaching faculty, research facilities; amount of fund

22、ing, special programs, and how selective the institution can be in choosing its students. MITs Media Lab Higher education institutions VII. Selecting a College or UniversityThings one needs to know (I): entrance requirements Feesdegrees offered length of time to earn a degree VII. Selecting a Colleg

23、e or UDegrees offered: At the undergraduate (college) level, a four-year liberal arts course of study, or a bachelor of science (B.S.) is offered.A technical training institution offers such courses as agriculture or business at varying lengths.A community college studies last two years.Degrees offe

24、red: At the undergAt the graduate level: Masters and doctors degrees are offered in both the arts and sciences. The courses can be completed in two to four years, sometimes even longer.At the graduate level: MasterThings one needs to know (II):What curricula does a college or university offer? “majo

25、r”“electives”What are the requirements for earning a degree?a certain number of credits. a semester” of 10 to 16 weeksThings one needs to know (II)Things one needs to know (III):Is the college or university a public institution or a private one?If it is private, is it a religious school? All college

26、s depend on 3 sources of income student tuitionendowments government fundingThings one needs to know (IIIThings one needs to know (IV)How large is the school? - Some universities have over 100 000 enrollments, and dozens of campuses.- Large universities offer the best libraries and facilities, and a

27、ttracts leading scholars. State University of New York at BuffaloThings one needs to know (IV)VIII. Trends in Degree ProgramsDuring the 1970s and 1980s, there was a trend away from the traditional liberal arts for pre-professional degrees, preparing students for specific jobs. But in recent years, t

28、here is a new popularity of liberal arts which shows a return to the early traditions of American education. VIII. Trends in Degree PrograIX. Education for AllThe Servicemens Readjustment Act / “GI Bill of Rights” The Act promised financial aid to veterans of World War II.By 1955, more than two mill

29、ion veterans had used the GI Bill of Rights to go to college. Their outstanding success in higher education had changed the image of who should go to college. IX. Education for AllAffirmative action programsspecial plans and programs to make up for past inequality by giving special preference to member