高考英語閱讀理解專項指導(dǎo)課件(原文)

1、高考英語閱讀專項指導(dǎo) 題材體裁閱讀理解 真 善 美人物與故事記敘文興趣與愛好健康與飲食體育與休閑說明文歷史與地理世界與環(huán)境語言與交際經(jīng)濟與購物科普與技術(shù)教育與人才議論文情感與心理文化與風(fēng)俗生活與哲理文學(xué)與藝術(shù)旅游與交通應(yīng)用文新聞與時事媒體與廣告語篇主要選自英美國家主流媒體，借鑒其文化、科技中積極的元素；注重用英語講中國故事，弘揚中國傳統(tǒng)文化；宣揚體育和勞動精神，傳播正能量。高考大綱閱讀考核微技能要求理解主旨要義理解文中具體信息根據(jù)上下文推斷單詞和短語的含義做出判斷和推理理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)理解作者的意圖、觀點和態(tài)度主旨大意題篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題詞義猜測題推理判斷題細節(jié)理解題觀點態(tài)度題要求考生能讀懂書、報、

2、雜志中關(guān)于一般性話題的簡短文段以及公告、說明、廣告等，并能從中獲取相關(guān)信息?？忌鷳?yīng)能：年份卷別 主題語境 題型考點分布詞數(shù)人與自我人與社會人與自然細節(jié)理解題推理判斷題主旨大意題詞義猜測題觀點態(tài)度題篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題2017II 卷1180深厚的友誼B劇院演出A飛行汽車C植物自我保護D7322102018II 卷1140暑期活動A兒童閱讀C閑聊的作用D漿果與核果B9321002019II 卷1119志愿者工作B創(chuàng)新思維D書籍介紹A用餐趨勢C1022100細節(jié)理解題常見的命題方式：1.以when, where, what, which, who, how 等疑問詞開頭引出具體細節(jié)信息問題。What doe

3、s the writer pay the least attention to?What is the correct order of what happened to.？2. 判斷是非的形式。含有true/false/not true或except等的判斷是非的問題。Which of the following is true /false/mentioned? Which of the following is mentioned except從題中找關(guān)鍵詞 快速通篇跳讀- 定位與關(guān)鍵信息詞對應(yīng)的信息句- 仔細核對比較內(nèi)容找到答案。解題技法：直接信息題原文定位法間接信息題借助同義轉(zhuǎn)換、概

4、念解析、歸納事實等方法對原文信息進行合理的加工處理。是原文信息，但不是題目要求的內(nèi)容。符合常識，但不是出自文章的內(nèi)容。與原文極其相似，但細節(jié)處有變動，造成句意的改變選項中出現(xiàn)everyone all none 等絕對化的表達選項將文中描述a物體的內(nèi)容嫁接到b物體上選項中漏掉改變原文中的范圍程度，從而改變語義因果倒置，強加因果關(guān)系把主觀觀點等同于客觀事實在意思上與原文大相徑庭，或部分正確，部分錯誤somebody is in trouble和somebody is troublesomein the world 改為national干擾項的特點appearYou can keep your he

5、ad clear forambitious 有抱負的then listen up! 36Benefits of Small Talk D.regularly, or youre doing it now,_39_Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening.science report 科學(xué)報告magazine雜志making classifications 分類 D.giving examplesThere is no

6、reason you should要求考生能讀懂書、報、雜志中關(guān)于一般性話題的簡短文段以及公告、說明、廣告等，并能從中獲取相關(guān)信息。What does the underlined word/phrase “” in the first paragraph mean?Terrafugia Inc.giving examplesExercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited.If you are planning to do e

7、xercise regularly, or youre doing it now, then listen up!4-10 hours after exercise.Your quality of sleep improves.brochure 情況介紹手冊33. How much do you have to pay in total if four of you go together?$20. B. $40. C. $60. D. $80.34. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Tickets are sold in Kwun T

8、ong High School.B. Its unnecessary to take soft drinks with you.C. Free digital cameras are provided for everybody.D. Festival food will be served without extra charge.【詞匯短語積累】1.celebrate 慶祝 2. organize組織 3. programme節(jié)目 4. performance 表演 5. highlight 高潮 6. digital數(shù)碼的 7. available 可買到的 8. volunteer志愿

9、者 9. contact聯(lián)系【長難好句理解】 For those who would like to be a volunteer, please contact Miss Olivia Wong one week before the activity. 定語從句 祈使句直接信息題-原文定位法張冠李戴擴縮范圍無中生有寫作金句積累：For those who would like to ., please contact .one week before the activity.間接信息題（語意轉(zhuǎn)換題綜合上下文信息）2017全國II D篇32. What does a plant do wh

10、en it is under attack？ A. It makes noises. B. It gets help from other plants. C. It stands quietly. D. It sends out certain chemicals.原文定位 When a leafy.What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds, VOCs for short. Scientists have found that all k

11、inds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked. Its a plants way of crying out詞義猜測題What does the underlined word/phrase “” in the first paragraph mean?What does the underlined word “that/it/.” in paragraph 2 refer to?What does the author mean by “” in paragraph 3?Which of the following is closest

12、in meaning to the underlined word in the second paragraph？The word could be replaced by _.The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means _常見的命題方向：1.直接在文章中猜測某個生僻詞短語的含義 . 對文中熟悉的多義詞或短語進行精確含義判斷3. 判斷文中的某個代詞指代的對象的確定1. Most of the flowers are beginning to wither because of the cold weather.2. The heat

13、 of the sun warms some ocean water. The surface of the water evaporates, forming a cloud of warm, wet air that moves upward.枯萎蒸發(fā)2. 同位語： The invention of snorkel, a long air tube that reaches up to the surface, has made it possible for submarines to use their( )1. 定語從句舉例子：Jack is now a florist, who k

14、eeps a shop for selling flowers in our district. ( )花商, 花店主人潛水者的呼吸管夜班危險3. 標(biāo)點符號：(1) We are on the night shift - from midnight to 8 a.m.- this week.( )(2) Although the hazards of the trip were many - the unbearable heat, the lack of water, the possibility of getting lost, the presence of wild animals

15、and poisonous snakes - Collins nevertheless decided that she must go.( )1. 因果關(guān)系進行判斷I didnt hear the knocking at the door, because I was completely engrossed in studying English on the Internet. ( )愛交際的2. 同義詞和反義詞猜測詞義：同義also, as, similarly, likewise, 反義however, on the contrary, unlike Unlike her grega

16、rious sister, Jane is a shy person, who does not like to go to parties, or to make friends. ( )全神貫注的infer implyindicatesuggestconcludelearn 注意：不能以自己的觀點代替作者的觀點注意文中的虛擬語氣和情態(tài)動詞推理的根據(jù)來自于上下文。2017全國II卷D篇35What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. The word is changing faster than ever.B. People have stro

17、nger senses than before.C. The world is more complex than it seems.D. People in Darwins time were more imaginative.判斷有據(jù)，推論有理， 忠于原文 Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate(親密的) than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. Theres a whole l

18、ot going on.原文定位文章主題，內(nèi)容特點，文體特征，語言風(fēng)格命題形式1. From which is the text probably taken?2. Where would the passage most probably appear?2018 全國II B篇 27. From which is the text probably taken?A. A biology textbook. B. A health magazine. C.A research paper. D.A travel brochure. Many of us love July . Of the c

19、ommon berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, more protein (蛋白質(zhì))， iron and zinc.Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants(抗氧化物質(zhì)). The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries (櫻花), th

20、ey are so delicious who cares? However, they are rich in vitamin C. . If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “soft-serve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a childrens party；they love feeding the f

21、ruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.newspaper報紙advertisement廣告magazine雜志website/Internet網(wǎng)絡(luò)biography 人物傳記 science report 科學(xué)報告book review 書評textbook 教科書 travel guide 旅游指南 brochure 情況介紹手冊paper 報紙、論文 ambitious 有抱負的Which of the following is closes

22、t in meaning to the underlined word in the second paragraph？making comparisons 做比較Whats the problem? Its possible that.并列關(guān)系: First, second, third ; Firstly, secondly, thirdly; first, next, then; in the first place, in the second place; For one thing, for another; On the one hand, on the other hand根據(jù)

23、上下文推斷單詞和短語的含義( )volunteer志愿者 9.independent獨立的To share分享There are a lot of benefits to working out, especially in the mornings.2017全國II卷D篇To propose提議首段做總的說明，其他段落分別說明或具體論述首段的觀點。You can keep your head clear for 4-10 hours after exercise.You prefer healthy food to fast food.making classifications 分類 D.

24、注意文中的虛擬語氣和情態(tài)動詞To tell about the Centers history.( )1. Which of the following words can best describe.2. Which words can be used to describe?3. What kind of person is.?ambitious 有抱負的 cautious 謹慎的 industrious 勤奮的 adaptable適應(yīng)能力強的 knowledgeable學(xué)識淵博的 dependable/reliable可靠的responsible負責(zé)任的independent獨立的mod

25、est謙虛的easy-going隨和的out going外向的 faithful守信的cooperative樂于合作的觀點態(tài)度題作者態(tài)度傾向判斷attitude作者寫作意圖判斷purposepositive， supportive, approvingoptimistic, favorable, sympathetic , caringneutral, objective, fair-minded 1作者態(tài)度傾向判斷：How does the author feel about?What is the authors attitude to.?negative, opposed, pessim

26、istic, critical, disapproving, doubtful, skeptical, suspicious公正的 有同情心的 批評的 2作者寫作意圖判斷(1) 整篇文章的寫作意圖What is the purpose of the text?What is the authors purpose in writing the text?To entertain/amuse readers 逗開心To persuade勸服To inform通知To explain 解釋To introduce.介紹To present to展示To propose提議To summarize總

27、結(jié)To provide提供To share分享To advertise做廣告To encourage 鼓勵 (2) 文中某自然段或某細節(jié)的寫作意圖What does the author intend to do in Para.?What is the purpose of the last part of the text?What is the purpose of the last part of the text?A To encourage donations. B. To advertise coming events.C. To introduce special exhibi

28、ts. D. To tell about the Centers history. Its an amazing accomplishment and one we cant achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations and other social organizations. Visit to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.原文定位主旨大意題要搞清的是問某一段還是全文的大意尋找主題句：段首、段尾關(guān)注反復(fù)出現(xiàn)中心詞，高頻詞匯

29、讀完文章后回顧文章的大致內(nèi)容，理清脈絡(luò)和段落之間的邏輯關(guān)系。把握文章邏輯結(jié)構(gòu) .時間順序。主題通常在首段或末段。 2. 總-分-總。首段做總的說明，其他段落分別說明或具體論述首段的觀點。這種結(jié)構(gòu)的文章主題在首段。. 分-總。前面幾段分別說明，末段總結(jié)。主題在末段。 4. 對比。進行對比的各事物之間的基本共同點或差異為主題。常見的命題方式：What is the best title for this passage/text?What is the first paragraph mainly about?What is the passage/text mainly about?2017全國

30、II C篇28. What is the first paragraph mainly about? A. The basic data of the Transition. B. The advantages of flying cars. C. The potential market for flying cars. C. The designers of the Transition. 關(guān)注文章中出現(xiàn)的高頻詞匯 Terrafugia Inc. said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight, brin

31、ging the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year. The vehicle-named the Transition has two seats, four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car. The Transition, which flew at 1,400 feet for eight minutes last month, can reach around 70 miles per

32、hour on the road and 115 in the flies using a 23-gallon tank of gas and burns 5 gallons per hour in the air. On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon.原文定位干擾項的設(shè)置：以偏概全：概括的范圍過于狹窄，只闡述了文章的一部分內(nèi)容。主題擴大：概括的范圍過大，超過了文章實際討論的內(nèi)容。似是而非：選項中的關(guān)鍵詞在文中出現(xiàn)了，但認真分析后發(fā)現(xiàn)它與文章的主旨毫無聯(lián)系。2018全國II C篇 31. What is the main idea of the

33、 text?A. New languages will be created. B. Peoples lifestyles are reflected in fewer languages.C. Human development results in fewer languages. D. Geography determines language evolution.1234關(guān)注文章結(jié)構(gòu)2018 全國II D篇35. What is the best title for the text？ A. Conversation CountsB. Ways of Making Small Talk

34、 C. Benefits of Small Talk D. Uncomfortable Silence Weve all been there: in a lift, . Whats the problem? Its possible that. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say its an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.

35、Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we cant forget that deep relationships wouldnt even exist if it werent for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease(潤滑劑) for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, . In a 2014 study, . Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers

36、feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others.Carducci believes small talk is the basis of good manners,” he says.12 345列出現(xiàn)象追述閑聊的好處列出現(xiàn)象把握文章邏輯結(jié)構(gòu) +反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的中心詞 研究例證閑聊的好處按段落的組織方法理解文章的結(jié)構(gòu) 1. How is the passage organized？ A. Topic-argument-description B. Opiniondiscussion-explanation C.

37、Main idea-comparison- supporting examples D. Topic -argument-conclusion篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題2. Which of the following is the best structure of the passage？There are a lot of benefits to working out, especially in the mornings.New languages will be created.You prefer healthy food to fast food.regularly, or youre doi

38、ng it now,.If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit.New languages will be created.Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate(親密的) than the world we can see and hear.negative, opposed, pessimistic, cri

39、tical, disapproving, doubtful, skeptical, suspiciousIf you are planning to do exercise regularly, or youre doing it now, then listen up!40out going外向的The vehicle-named the Transition has two seats, four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car.somebody is in trouble和somebody is t

40、roublesomeavailable 可買到的 8.Which of the following is the best structure of the passage？If you are already making the time to exercise, it is good indeed! With such busy lives, it can be hard to try and find the time to work out.You prefer healthy food to fast food., please contact .按寫作方法理解文章的結(jié)構(gòu)The a

41、uthor develops the passage mainly by_.following space order B. following time order C. making classifications 分類 D. giving examplesusing figures 列數(shù)據(jù)making comparisons 做比較giving definitions下定義cause and effect因果法篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題 七選五主題句過渡句總結(jié)句總體原則：主題中心句原則段落一致性原則利用核心詞語復(fù)現(xiàn)利用代詞指代提示利用句子邏輯線索因果關(guān)系：so therefore thus hence

42、accordingly consequently as a result并列關(guān)系: First, second, third ; Firstly, secondly, thirdly; first, next, then; in the first place, in the second place; For one thing, for another; On the one hand, on the other hand轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系: however, nevertheless, though, yet, otherwise對比關(guān)系: on the contrary; by contrast

43、; in comparison遞進關(guān)系: also, furthermore, even, besides, moreover, in addition, whats more解釋關(guān)系: for example, for instance概括總結(jié): in short; in a word; to conclude; to sum up2018全國 II If you are already making the time to exercise, it is good indeed! With such busy lives, it can be hard to try and find th

44、e time to work out._36_Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit. Your productivity is improved. Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day. _37_ Your metabolism(新陳代謝) gets a head start._38_ If you work out in th

45、e mornings, then you will be getting the calorie(卡路里) burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep. _39_Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening. Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful

46、 sleep when you are very excited. _40_If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day. Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food? You will want to continue to focus on positive choices. There are a lot o

47、f benefits to working out, especially in the mornings. Set your alarm clock an hour early and push yourself to work out! You will feel energized all day long.A. You will stick to your diet.B. Your quality of sleep improves.C. You prefer healthy food to fast food.D. There is no reason you should exer

48、cise in the morning.E. You can keep your head clear for 4-10 hours after exercise.F. After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.G. If you are planning to do exercise regularly, or youre doing it now, then listen up!Your productivity is improved.Your metabolism(新陳代謝) gets a

49、head start._39_Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening. Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited.A. You will stick to your diet.B. Your quality of sleep improves.

50、C. You prefer healthy food to fast food.D. There is no reason you should exercise in the morning.E. You can keep your head clear for 4-10 hours after exercise.F. After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.G. If you are planning to do exercise regularly, or youre doing it no

51、w, then listen up!B A. You will stick to your diet.B. Your quality of sleep improves.C. You prefer healthy food to fast food.D. There is no reason you should exercise in the morning.E. You can keep your head clear for 4-10 hours after exercise.F. After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.G. If you are planning to do exercise regularly, or youre doing it now, th