高中英語人教版一輪課件：第一講謂語動詞

1、第一講謂語動詞動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)主謂一致助動詞、情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣百度文庫VIP特權(quán)福利特權(quán)說明服務(wù)特權(quán)VIP專享文檔下載特權(quán)VIP用戶有效期內(nèi)可使用VIP專享文檔下載特權(quán)下載或閱讀完成VIP專享文檔（部分VIP專享文檔由于上傳者設(shè)置不可下載只能閱讀全文），每下載/讀完一篇VIP專享文檔消耗一個VIP專享文檔下載特權(quán)。年VIP 月VIP連續(xù)包月VIP享受60次VIP專享文檔下載特權(quán)，一次發(fā)放，全年內(nèi)有效。VIP專享文檔下載特權(quán)自VIP生效起每月發(fā)放一次，每次發(fā)放的特權(quán)有效期為1個月，發(fā)放數(shù)量由您購買的VIP類型決定。每月專享9次VIP專享文檔下載特權(quán)，自VIP生效起每月發(fā)放一次，持續(xù)有效不清零。

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3、內(nèi)的用戶可以免費下載VIP免費文檔，不消耗下載特權(quán)，非會員用戶需要消耗下載券/積分獲取。部分付費文檔八折起VIP用戶在購買精選付費文檔時可享受8折優(yōu)惠，省上加??；參與折扣的付費文檔均會在閱讀頁標識出折扣價格。內(nèi)容特權(quán)0下載券文檔一鍵搜索VIP用戶可在搜索時使用專有高級功能：一鍵搜索0下載券文檔，下載券不夠用不再有壓力！ 無限次復(fù)制特權(quán)VIP有效期內(nèi)可以無限次復(fù)制文檔內(nèi)容，不用下載即可獲取文檔內(nèi)容 文檔格式轉(zhuǎn)換VIP有效期內(nèi)可以將PDF文檔轉(zhuǎn)換成word或ppt格式，一鍵轉(zhuǎn)換，輕松編輯！閱讀頁去廣告VIP有效期內(nèi)享有搜索結(jié)果頁以及文檔閱讀頁免廣告特權(quán)，清爽閱讀沒有阻礙。 多端互通VIP有效期內(nèi)可

4、以無限制將選中的文檔內(nèi)容一鍵發(fā)送到手機，輕松實現(xiàn)多端同步。 其他特權(quán)抽獎特權(quán)開通VIP后可以在VIP福利專區(qū)不定期抽獎，千萬獎池送不停！ 福利特權(quán)開通VIP后可在VIP福利專區(qū)定期領(lǐng)取多種福利禮券。VIP專享精彩活動開通VIP后可以享受不定期的VIP優(yōu)惠活動，活動多多，優(yōu)惠多多。VIP專屬身份標識當您成為百度文庫VIP后，您的專有身份標識將被點亮，隨時隨地彰顯尊貴身份。 專屬客服VIP專屬客服，第一時間解決你的問題。專屬客服QQ：800049878 VIP禮包百度閱讀VIP精品版特權(quán)享受閱讀VIP精品版全部權(quán)益：1.海量精選書免費讀2.熱門好書搶先看3.獨家精品資源4.VIP專屬身份標識5.全

5、站去廣告6.名人書友圈7.三端同步 知識影響格局，格局決定命運！動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)考點一 一般現(xiàn)在時與一般過去時一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時是近幾年語法填空必考的語法項目，而且考查的均是最基本的用法。(一)一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時常用來表示習慣性、經(jīng)常性發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。1謂語動詞的構(gòu)成：do/does(下面所有的謂語動詞的構(gòu)成皆以do為例)2基本用法(1)表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的、習慣性的、反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的動作或狀態(tài)。常與表示習慣的副詞(詞組)always, every time, now and then, occasionally, often, seldom, never, sometimes, usual

6、ly, every day/night等連用。On Monday mornings it usually takes me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles.周一早晨開車上班我一般要花費一個小時，雖然實際距離只有20英里。(2)表示客觀真理、格言或者警句等。表示客觀真理時，即使主句是一般過去時，賓語從句還要用一般現(xiàn)在時。As we all know, the earth travels around the sun.眾所周知，地球圍繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)。(3)表示按規(guī)定、時間表、計劃或安排要發(fā)生的動

7、作。謂語動詞是come，go，arrive，leave，start，begin，return，live，fly等，可以用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來發(fā)生的動作。My dream school starts at 830 am and ends at 330 pm.我理想的學校上午830上課，下午330放學。(4)在時間、條件等狀語從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時。They will stand by you even if you dont succeed.即使你不成功，他們也會支持你。名師點津動詞第三人稱的構(gòu)成一般情況直接加sworkworks getgetssaysays readreads結(jié)尾為

8、s, x, sh, ch或o，在詞尾加esdiscussdiscusseswashwashes fixfixesteachteachesgogoes結(jié)尾為“輔音字母y”，變y為i再加escarrycarries studystudiestrytriesflyfliescrycries(二)一般過去時1謂語動詞的構(gòu)成：did2基本用法(1)表示過去某一時間所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表示具體的過去時間狀語連用，如yesterday，last month，just now，the other day，three days ago，in 1989等。2019江蘇卷 A few months aft

9、er he had arrived in China, Mr. Smith fell in love with the people and culture there.史密斯先生到中國幾個月后，就喜歡上了那里的人和文化。(2)在時間、條件等狀語從句中，常用一般過去時代替過去將來時。He said he would tell her about the news as soon as he met her.他說他一見到她就把這個消息告訴她。(3)有些句子，雖然沒有明確的表示過去的時間狀語，但實際上指的是過去發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)，也要用一般過去時。常見的此類動詞有know, think, expec

10、t, want等。Edward, you play so well. But I didnt know you played the piano.愛德華，你彈得真好。但是我原來不知道你會彈鋼琴。(4)常見句型：It is time that sb. should do/did sth.該到的時候了It is/has been一段時間since.did sth.自從做某事已經(jīng)一段時間了would/had rather sb. did sth.寧愿某人做某事It is time that we took action to protect our environment.該到我們采取措施保護環(huán)境的

11、時候了。As far as I know，it is/has been three years since he joined the army.據(jù)我所知，他參軍三年了。(5)句中暗含有表示過去的時間狀語。George said that he would come to school to see me the next day，but he didnt.喬治說他會在第二天來學?？次?，但是他沒有來。名師點津動詞過去式的構(gòu)成一般情況在動詞后加edworkworkedplayplayedwantwanted以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動詞后加dhopehoped likeliked以“輔音字母y”結(jié)尾的動

12、詞，變y為i再加edstudystudiedtrytried以重讀閉音節(jié)或/r/音節(jié)結(jié)尾，詞尾只有一個輔音字母時雙寫詞尾的輔音字母再加edstopstoppedpreferpreferredadmitadmittedpermitpermitted題組微練(單句語法填空)12020新高考山東卷The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, _ (form) the core collection of the British Museum which opened in 1759.22020全國卷When he aske

13、d the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (傳奇的) artist, they smiled and _ (point) down the river.答案與解析：formed考查動詞時態(tài)。根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容以及時間狀語 in 1759可知，應(yīng)用一般過去時。答案與解析：pointed考查時態(tài)。空處與smiled構(gòu)成并列謂語，故用一般過去時。32018全國卷While running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says i

14、t _ (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.答案與解析：is此處the review says后跟的是賓語從句，主句謂語動詞為一般現(xiàn)在時，賓語從句與主句的時態(tài)應(yīng)保持一致，空格處應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時；且賓語從句中的主語為it，故填is。42020浙江卷7月 This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then，with the rise of science，changes began. New methods _ (mean) t

15、hat fewer people worked in farming.52020北京卷She _ (persuade) me to join the poetry and lit in me a fire for literature.答案與解析：meant考查動詞的時態(tài)。結(jié)合句意可知，New methods與mean是主謂關(guān)系，同時結(jié)合前兩句的時態(tài)為一般過去時，故填meant。答案與解析：persuaded考查動詞的時態(tài)。根據(jù)該句中的“l(fā)it in me a fire for literature”可知，此處表述的是過去發(fā)生的事情，故填persuaded。2基本用法(1)表示此刻正在進行的動

16、作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與時間狀語now，at the moment，at present等連用。We are facing today a strange new world and we are all wondering what we are going to do with it.我們今天面對的是一個陌生的新世界，并且我們都在想我們將要怎么對待它。(2)一些特定的表示動作趨向性的短暫性動詞come，go，leave，get，start，open，arrive，begin，return等常用現(xiàn)在進行時表將來。I am leaving for Shanghai to attend an imp

17、ortant international meeting.我要出發(fā)去上海參加一個重要的國際會議。(3)現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)與頻率副詞always，constantly連用表達某種感情色彩，如不滿、厭惡、贊賞等。You are always forgetting the important thing.你總是把重要的事情忘掉。(表達出不滿的情緒)2基本用法(1)表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間內(nèi)正在進行的動作，常與表示過去的時間狀語從句以及時間狀語at that time, at that moment, at this time yesterday, at ten oclock yesterday等連用。

18、2018北京卷Susan had quit her wellpaid job and was working as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.蘇珊已經(jīng)辭去了高薪的工作。去年當我探望她的時候，她正在一個社區(qū)里做志愿者。(2)表示一個過去的動作正在進行時，另一個過去的動作發(fā)生了，常與when, while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句連用。Jack was working in the lab when the power cut occurred.突然斷電時，杰克正在實驗室里工作。(3)表示過去按計劃、安排將要發(fā)

19、生的動作，此用法常見動詞有g(shù)o，begin，leave，arrive，come，return等。I was coming to visit you later that day，but I had to phone and cancel.我本打算那天晚些時候去看你，但是我不得不打電話取消了。(三)將來進行時1謂語動詞的構(gòu)成：will be doing2基本用法表示將來某一時刻或某一時間段正在發(fā)生或進行的動作，常與一些標志性的時間狀語連用，如at this time tomorrow, by then, from 1：30 to 4：30 tomorrow等。Jane cant attend t

20、he meeting at 3 oclock this afternoon because she will be teaching a class at that time.簡不能參加今天下午三點的會，因為那個時間段她有課。This time next week Ill be lying on the beach，enjoying the sunshine.下星期這個時候，我正躺在海灘上，享受著陽光。名師點津動詞進行時的構(gòu)成一般情況在詞尾直接加ingworkworkingstudystudying以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動詞，去e再加ingwritewritingtaketakingfacefac

21、ing“輔音元音輔音”結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞， 且末尾只有一個輔音字母，雙寫詞尾輔音字母，再加ingcutcuttingbeginbeginningswimswimmingrunrunningputputtingplanplanningsitsitting以ie結(jié)尾的動詞，變ie為y再加inglielyingdiedying題組微練(單句語法填空)12020江西省重點中學盟校聯(lián)考At present, Tech giants Apple and Google _ (team) up to create a system that would let smartphone users know wh

22、en theyve come into contact with someone who has COVID19.案與解析：are teaming考查時態(tài)。句意：目前，科技巨頭蘋果公司和谷歌公司正在合作開發(fā)一個系統(tǒng)，可以讓智能手機用戶知道他們是否接觸了新冠肺炎患者。 根據(jù)時間狀語at present可知，是敘述現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的情況，因此用現(xiàn)在進行時be doing，表示現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作；主語Tech giants Apple and Google中g(shù)iants是復(fù)數(shù)，因此謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。22017天津卷I _ (drive) down to London when I suddenly

23、found that I was on the wrong road.答案與解析：was driving此處是be doing .when .句型，意為“正在做，這時(突然)”。由從句的謂語動詞found可知，主句應(yīng)用過去進行時。2基本用法(1)表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，常用的時間狀語：already，so far，never，just，before，recently，for a long time，in the past/last few years等。2019江蘇卷The musician along with his band members has giv

24、en ten performances in the last three months.在過去的三個月里，這位音樂家和他的樂隊成員們已經(jīng)進行了十場演出。(2)表示過去已經(jīng)開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(也許還會繼續(xù)進行下去)的動作或狀態(tài)，常與“since時間點”或“for時間段”等表示一段時間的狀語連用。His first novel has received good reviews since it came out last month.他的第一部小說自上個月出版以來就獲得了很好的評價。3現(xiàn)在完成時還可以用在時間和條件狀語從句中，表示將來某時完成的動作Please return the book

25、 to me when you have finished it.當你讀完這本書請歸還給我。名師指津(1)注意牢記以下固定句型：It is/has been時間段since.表示“自從以來已經(jīng)”。It is/has been ten years since I graduated from the university.我大學畢業(yè)已十年了。This/It/That is the first/second/third.time that.表示“這/那是(某人)第幾次做某事”，that從句中要用現(xiàn)在完成時。It is the first time that I have visited the c

26、ity.這是我第一次游覽這座城市。This isthe形容詞最高級名詞that.結(jié)構(gòu)，that從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時。This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen.這是我看過的最好的電影。(2)注意避免思維定式：一看到for時間段，就用動詞的現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。一定要看語境強調(diào)是“該動作曾經(jīng)做過多長時間”(一般過去時)，還是“該動作已經(jīng)做完多長時間”(現(xiàn)在完成時)。 Yang Zhenning lived in America for many years and now he lives in China.楊振寧在美國定居多年，現(xiàn)在他生活在中國。Dashan h

27、as lived in China for many years.大山在中國住了許多年。(二)過去完成時1謂語動詞的構(gòu)成：haddone2基本用法(1)表示到過去某一時間之前動作已經(jīng)完成即“過去的過去”，常見的時間狀語有by.，until.，when.，before.等。When he was in Beijing，he visited places where he had played as a child.他在北京的時候游覽了他兒時曾玩過的地方。By the time Jack returned home from England，his son had already graduate

28、d from college.杰克從英國回到家時，他的兒子已經(jīng)大學畢業(yè)了。(2)表示意向的動詞，如hope，wish，expect，think，intend，mean，suppose 等，用過去完成時表示“原本(事實上未能)”。2019天津卷I had hoped to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldnt manage it.我本希望送給彼得一個禮物祝賀他結(jié)婚了，但我沒能做到。(3)表示一個過去的動作先于另一過去的動作發(fā)生，這種情況多見于賓語從句。It took me a long time

29、before I was able to fully appreciate what they had done for me.過了好久我才能夠完全理解他們?yōu)槲易瞿切┦隆?4)過去完成時的常用句型It was the first/second.time that.這是第一/第二次It was the third time that the boy had been late.這是那個男孩第三次遲到了。had hardly.when剛就；had no sooner.than一就。如：I had hardly opened the door when he hit me.我剛打開門，他就打了我。H

30、e had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.他剛買了這輛車，轉(zhuǎn)眼又賣了。2基本用法(1)常用來表示開始于過去某個時間、一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且會繼續(xù)進行下去的動作。Im tired out. I have been shopping all afternoon and I dont seem to have finished anything.我累壞了。我整個下午都在購物，我好像什么事也沒完成。Tom has been working in the library every night over the last three months.在過去的

31、三個月里，湯姆每天晚上都在圖書館工作。(2)表示到目前為止的一段時間里一直在反復(fù)進行的動作。I have been calling him many times this morning，but theres no answer.今天早晨我一直給他打了很多電話，但是沒人接。題組微練(單句語法填空)12020浙江卷7月 By about 6000 BC, people _ (discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise.22019全國卷語法填空I love coming here and seeing my family and al

32、l the friends I _ (make) over the years. I work not because I have to，but because I want to.答案與解析：had discovered考查動詞的時態(tài)。根據(jù)時間狀語By about 6000 BC可知，句子謂語動詞用過去完成時，故填had discovered。答案與解析：have made考查時態(tài)。根據(jù)空格后的時間狀語over the years可知，句子要用現(xiàn)在完成時。32021高三八校第二次聯(lián)考According to HuffPost, more than 3 million people in t

33、he United States are vegans. In the UK, about 542,000 people _ (choose) veganism over the past decade.42021安徽省高三聯(lián)考Quanzhou is also known for its thriving private economy. The past four decades _ (see) the birth of tens of thousands of private businesses and hundreds of famous brands.答案與解析：have chose

34、n考查現(xiàn)在完成時。句意：據(jù)赫芬頓郵報報道，美國有超過三百萬人都是純素食主義者。在過去的十年間，英國大約有54.2萬人選擇了素食。時間狀語over the past decade句子要用現(xiàn)在完成時。答案與解析：has seen/have seen考查時態(tài)。句意：在過去的四十年里，數(shù)以萬計的私營企業(yè)和數(shù)百個著名品牌應(yīng)運而生。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處填時態(tài)，再根據(jù)句意可知，the past four decades是句子的主語，此處用現(xiàn)在完成時，謂語動詞可用復(fù)數(shù)，也可以用單數(shù)，故填has seen/have seen?？键c四 一般將來時和過去將來時(一)一般將來時1表示將來某一時刻的動作或狀態(tài)常用以下

35、四種結(jié)構(gòu)(1)will/shall動詞原形(2)be going to動詞原形(3)be to動詞原形(4)be about to do sth.2基本用法(1)一般將來時表示將來某一時刻的動作或狀態(tài)，即單純的將來事實。He will graduate from Beijing University next year.明年，他將畢業(yè)于北京大學。(2)be going to do sth.表示計劃、打算要做某事或者有預(yù)兆要發(fā)生某事。Look at the cloud. It is going to rain.瞧那烏云，天要下雨了。(3)be to do sth.表示按計劃或安排即將要做某事，或

36、者按照職責、義務(wù)、規(guī)定等要做某事。We are to obey these rules when we go into the library.當我們?nèi)D書館時，我們要遵守這些規(guī)章制度。(4) be about to do sth.表示即將要發(fā)生某事。該結(jié)構(gòu)通常不與具體的時間狀語連用。The train is about to leave.火車即將開出。題組微練(單句語法填空)12019浙江卷語法填空When every pupil in the school wears the uniform，nobody _ (have) to worry about fashion (時尚)22021浙

37、江嘉興基礎(chǔ)測試They made up their minds that they _ (buy) a new house once Larry changed jobs.答案與解析：has/will have考查時態(tài)和主謂一致?？崭袂懊娴膹木溆昧艘话悻F(xiàn)在時，主句謂語動詞應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時或者一般將來時。而句子主語nobody是第三人稱單數(shù)，所以當句子為一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)時，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)。答案與解析：would buy句意：他們決定一旦拉里換了工作，他們就買座新房子。that引導(dǎo)的從句為復(fù)合句，其中once引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句用的是一般過去時，故主句用過去將來時?？键c五 語態(tài)1.被動語態(tài)在各種

38、時態(tài)中的運用時態(tài)被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時am/is/are done一般過去時was/were done一般將來時shall/will be done現(xiàn)在進行時am/is/are being done過去進行時was/were being done現(xiàn)在完成時have/has been done過去完成時had been done將來完成時shall/will have been done2019江蘇卷They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals will have been installed by 2022 for the Beijing Wi

39、nter Olympics.他們正在努力確保到2022年時為北京冬奧會安裝5G信號終端。2018北京卷A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who had been trapped in the mountains for two days.一個救援人員冒著生命危險挽救了兩個被困在山里兩天的旅游者。2018天津卷My washing machine is being repaired this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.這周我的洗衣機正在維修，所以我不得不用手洗衣服。2

40、不能用被動語態(tài)的特殊動詞(1)系動詞類(look，seem，feel，taste，sound，prove，appear等)。(2)表示主語特征的詞(read，wash，write，sell，wear，lock等)，常與not，hardly，well，easily，badly，nicely等副詞連用。This kind of cloth washes easily.這種布料容易洗。(3)有些動詞及短語不能用于被動語態(tài)。常見的有：have, cost, own, belong to, take part in, come into being, date from, take place，run

41、out等。3get構(gòu)成的表示被動的短語此類短語主要有g(shù)et paid/lost/hurt等。We get paid every week.我們按周獲得薪酬。4主動形式表示被動意義(1)在need，want，require，deserve，bear等動詞； worth等形容詞的后面，動名詞主動形式表示被動意義，其含義相當于動詞不定式的被動形式。The house needs repairing/to be repaired.這房子需要修理。(2)在某些“主語(人/物)be形容詞不定式”中不定式的主動形式表示被動意義。這些形容詞有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，impor

42、tant，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。The problem is difficult to work out.這道題很難計算出。題組微練(單句語法填空)12020全國卷 “This really excites scientists，”Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it means we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon _ (construct)”22020新高考山東卷The p

43、arts of a museum open to the public _ (call) galleries or rooms.答案與解析：is constructed考查被動語態(tài)。此處表示“月球是如何構(gòu)成的”，應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)，且此處描述的是客觀情況，故填is constructed。答案與解析：are called考查一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句主語為The parts of a museum，設(shè)空處為謂語動詞，與主語之間為被動關(guān)系，結(jié)合語境可知這里為客觀事實，故此處用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。32020浙江卷7月 Farming produced more food per pe

44、rson than hunting and gathering, so people were able to raise more children. And, as more children were born, more food _ (need)42021山東省濱州市一模In those toughest days, donations in cash and kind _ (make) to help battle the disease. Thanks to the joint efforts, everything is getting better and better.答案

45、與解析：was needed考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。結(jié)合句意“出生的孩子越多，需要的糧食就越多”可知，more food與need構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，且文章的基本時態(tài)為一般過去時，故填was needed。答案與解析：were made考查一般過去時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：在那些最艱難的日子里，現(xiàn)金和實物捐贈被用來幫助抗擊疾病。根據(jù)In those toughest days可知這里在指過去的事情，句子主語donations是復(fù)數(shù)形式，和make之間是被動關(guān)系，所以此處用一般過去時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)。52021河南省高三質(zhì)量檢測Plastic microbeads or tiny solid plas

46、tic particles _ (use)mostly in cosmetics production, face washes, toothpastes and other products. When we use these things, the plastic microbeads get into our pipes that carry water, and eventually end up in the ocean.62021成都第二次診斷Hot pot restaurants can _ (find) on pretty much every street in Cheng

47、du，but the quality and taste can vary hugely.答案與解析：are used考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：塑料微珠或細小的固體塑料微粒在化妝品、洗面奶、牙膏和其他產(chǎn)品中被廣泛使用。該段的主時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時，Plastic microbeads or tiny solid plastic particles和use之間是被動關(guān)系，故用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。答案與解析：be found考查動詞的語態(tài)。動詞find和句子主語Hot pot restaurants之間是被動關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)。【典例感悟】12020天津卷The number of medical s

48、chools reached 18 in the early 1990s and _ (remain) around that level ever since.22020全國卷The unmanned Change4 probe (探測器)the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess _ (touch) down last week in the South PoleAitken basin.答案與解析：has remained考查動詞的時態(tài)和主謂一致。ever since是解題關(guān)鍵，與現(xiàn)在完成時連用。“the number

49、 of復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。答案與解析：touched時間狀語last week 可判斷用一般過去時。32021山東?？季鞹he way she held their hands, _ (touch) their faces and just looked at them, you could tell they had such a special bond.42019全國卷Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene _ (declare) she had no plans to retire from he

50、r 36yearold business.答案與解析：touched有標志詞and前后的謂語動詞形式一致原則，確定謂語動詞touch的時態(tài)與looked一致。答案與解析：declared分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，主句中缺少謂語動詞；結(jié)合后面的had可知，此處應(yīng)使用一般過去時。520196月浙江卷One study in America found that students grades _ (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms.62021沈陽監(jiān)測This was the first time I _ (experience)

51、sandstorms and I dont ever want to be in one again.答案與解析：improved主句謂語動詞是found，用了一般過去時，此處從句時態(tài)應(yīng)該與之保持一致。答案與解析：had experienced考查動詞時態(tài)。此題考查固定句式 “This was the first time that sb. had done sth.”可知，從句用過去完成時。72021濮陽市高三畢業(yè)班第二次模擬Greta Thunberg, a 16yearold Swedish climate change activist, _ (elect) as 2019s “Per

52、son of The Year” last week.82021江西省南昌市高三二模Eggs are great for breakfast and can _ (cook) in different ways. One topic of debate, however, is why brown chicken eggs usually cost more than white ones.答案與解析：was elected考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。分析句子可知，此處是句子謂語動詞，主語Greta Thunberg和elect之間是被動關(guān)系，由last week判斷為一般過去時，應(yīng)用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)

53、，主語是單數(shù)，故填was elected。答案與解析：be cooked考查動詞語態(tài)。本句中主語與謂語動詞構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，且can后跟動詞原形?！敬痤}微點】搞定語法填空的“3原則”原則1慧眼識別標志詞在高考語法填空中，有時會給出時間標志，考生可根據(jù)所給標志詞或時間狀語輕松得出答案。原則2細心辨語境，瞻前顧后找并列1細心辨語境：仔細分析設(shè)空處所在句前后句子中的謂語動詞的時態(tài)，弄清動作發(fā)生的時間及順序，確定所填謂語動詞的時態(tài)。2瞻前顧后找并列：可根據(jù)并列連詞and, but, or, rather than, neither .nor .，not only .but also .等前后的謂語動詞形式

54、確定所填謂語動詞的時態(tài)；同一個主語連接兩個或兩個以上的并列謂語，謂語動詞時態(tài)要一致。原則3固定句式要牢記，主從時態(tài)要呼應(yīng)1was/were doing sth. when sb. did .2It is/has been一段時間since sb./sth. did .3This/It/That is/was the first/second .time that .從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時/過去完成時4Its (high) time that .did/should do sth.5祈使句and/or 主語 將來時把握邏輯關(guān)系，分析主動或被動要確定謂語動詞的語態(tài)，分析語境，弄明白所給動詞與其對應(yīng)的主

55、語之間的邏輯關(guān)系是確定謂語動詞語態(tài)的關(guān)鍵。主謂一致考點一 主謂一致的基礎(chǔ)“3原則”主謂一致是指謂語動詞在人稱和數(shù)上和主語一致，一般遵循三個原則，即語法一致原則、就近一致原則和意義一致原則。1語法一致原則主語后跟有with，together with，as well as，like，but，except，along with，rather than，including，in addition to等引起的短語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)要與前面的主語保持一致。The leader and artist as well as some of our English teachers was given a c

56、hance to go abroad last year.那位領(lǐng)導(dǎo)兼藝術(shù)家和我們的一些英語老師去年得到了一次出國的機會。I think Tom，rather than you is to blame for the accident.我認為是湯姆而不是你該為這起事故負責任。2就近一致原則(1)由or，either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but also.等連接的并列主語，謂語動詞的數(shù)常與最近的主語保持一致。Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow

57、.要么是你或者你的一名學生應(yīng)該出席明天的會議。(2)由there, here引起的主語不止一個時，謂語動詞的數(shù)通常和最鄰近的主語保持一致。There are three books and a pen on the desk.桌子上有三本書和一支鋼筆。3意義一致原則(1)由連詞and連接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出現(xiàn)(不可分割的整體)時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。The poet and writer has produced many works.這位詩人兼作家寫出了許多作品。(2)“no/each/every/many a單數(shù)名詞andno/each/every/many a單數(shù)名詞”

58、作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.每一個人都有很好的理由為他們的父親所從事的職業(yè)感到驕傲。(3)非謂語動詞、名詞性從句作主語時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)。Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day.聽音樂使我在一天的忙碌之后得到了放松。考點二 主謂一致的3種特殊情況1.“many a/more than one單數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Many a parent

59、 has had to go through this same painful process.很多父母都被迫經(jīng)歷了這一段痛苦的過程。2all，the rest，the remaining/part.主語，謂語動詞應(yīng)根據(jù)句子所表達的單復(fù)數(shù)意義而定。The first part of the lecture was vivid but the remaining was dull.講座的前半部分很生動，但后半部分非?？菰?。3“幾分之幾/百分之幾of名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時，一般根據(jù)of后的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。About one third of the books are worth

60、reading.這些書中大約有1/3值得一讀。Only 60 percent of the work was done yesterday.昨天只做了60%的工作。題組微練(單句語法填空)12020新高考山東卷Often, only a small part of a museums collection _ (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.22019天津卷Amy，as well as her brothers, _ (give) a warm welcome when returning to t