（財(cái)會(huì)考證）ACCACAT考試F5業(yè)績(jī)管理主觀題練習(xí)

1、ACCACAT考試F4業(yè)績(jī)管理主觀題練習(xí)1、Shoe Co, a shoe manufacturer, has developed a new product called the Smart Shoe for children, which has a built-in tracking device. The shoes are expected to have a life cycle of two years, at which point Shoe Co hopes to introduce a new type of Smart Shoe with even more advanc

2、ed technology. Shoe Co plans to use life cycle costing to work out the total production cost of the Smart Shoe and the total estimated profit for the two-year period.Shoe Co has spent $56m developing the Smart Shoe. The time spent on this development meant that the company missed out on the opportun

3、ity of earning an estimated $800,000 contribution from the sale of another product.The company has applied for and been granted a ten-year patent for the technology, although it must be renewed each year at a cost of $200,000. The costs of the patent application were $500,000, which included $20,000

4、 for the salary costs of Shoe Cos lawyer, who is a permanent employee of the company and was responsible for preparing the application.The following information is also available for the next two years:Shoe Co is still negotiating with marketing companies with regard to its advertising campaign, so

5、is uncertain as to what the total marketing costs will be each year. However, the following information is available as regards the probabilities of the range of costs which are likely to be incurred:Required:Applying the principles of life cycle costing, calculate the total expected profit for Shoe

6、 Co for the two-year period.2、Fit Co specialises in the manufacture of a small range of hi-tech products for the fitness market. They are currently considering the development of a new type of fitness monitor, which would be the first of its kind in the market. It would take one year to develop, wit

7、h sales then commencing at the beginning of the second year. The product is expected to have a life cycle of two years, before it is replaced with a technologically superior product. The following cost estimates have been made.Note: You should ignore the time value of money.Required:(a) Calculate th

8、e life cycle cost per unit. (6 marks)(b) After preparing the cost estimates above, the company realises that it has not taken into account the effect of the learning curve on the production process. The variable manufacturing cost per unit above, of $40 in year 2 and $42 in year 3, includes a cost f

9、or 05 hours of labour. The remainder of the variable manufacturing cost is not driven by labour hours. The year 2 cost per hour for labour is $24 and the year 3 cost is $26 per hour. Subsequently, it has now been estimated that, although the first unit is expected to take 05 hours, a learning curve

10、of 95% is expected to occur until the 100th unit has been completed.Calculate the revised life cycle cost per unit, taking into account the effect of the learning curve. Note: the value of the learning co-efficient, b, is 00740005. (10 marks)(c) Discuss the benefits of life cycle costing. (4 marks)3

11、、The Western is a local government organisation responsible for waste collection from domestic households. The new management accountant of The Western has decided to introduce some new forecasting techniques to improve the accuracy of the budgeting. The next budget to be produced is for the year en

12、ded 31 December 2010.Waste is collected by the tonne (T). The number of tonnes collected each year has been rising and by using time series analysis the new management accountant has produced the following relationship between the tonnes collected (T) and the time period in question Q (where Q is a

13、quarter number. So Q = 1 represents quarter 1 in 2009 and Q = 2 represents quarter 2 in 2009 and so on)T = 2,000 + 25QEach quarter is subject to some seasonal variation with more waste being collected in the middle quarters of each year. The adjustments required to the underlying trend prediction ar

14、e:Required:(a) Calculate the tonnes of waste to be expected in the calendar year 2010. (4 marks)(b) Calculate the variable operating cost and fixed operating cost to be expected in 2010 using regressionanalysis on the 2009 data and allowing for inflation as appropriate. (10 marks)Many local governme

15、nt organisations operate incremental budgeting as one of their main budgeting techniques. They take a previous periods actual spend, adjust for any known changes to operations and then add a % for expected inflation in order to set the next periods budget.(c) Describe two advantages and two disadvan

16、tages of a local government organisation funded by taxpayers money using incremental budgeting as its main budgeting technique. (6 marks)4、Brick by Brick (BBB) is a building business that provides a range of building services to the public. Recently they have been asked to quote for garage conversio

17、ns (GC) and extensions to properties (EX) and have found that they are winning fewer GC contracts than expected.BBB has a policy to price all jobs at budgeted total cost plus 50%. Overheads are currently absorbed on a labour hour basis. BBB thinks that a switch to activity based costing (ABC) to abs

18、orb overheads would reduce the cost associated to GC and hence make them more competitive.You are provided with the following data: A typical GC costs $3,500 in materials and takes 300 labour hours to complete. A GC requires only one site visit by a supervisor and needs only one planning document to

19、 be raised. The typical EX costs $8,000 in materials and takes 500 hours to complete. An EX requires six site visits and fi ve planning documents. In all cases labour is paid $15 per hour.Required:(a) Calculate the cost and quoted price of a GC and of an EX using labour hours to absorb the overheads

20、. (5 marks)(b) Calculate the cost and the quoted price of a GC and of an EX using ABC to absorb the overheads. (5 marks)(c) Assuming that the cost of a GC falls by nearly 7% and the price of an EX rises by about 2% as a result of the change to ABC, suggest possible pricing strategies for the two pro

21、ducts that BBB sells and suggest two reasons other than high prices for the current poor sales of the GC. (6 marks)(d) One BBB manager has suggested that only marginal cost should be included in budget cost calculations as this would avoid the need for arbitrary overhead allocations to products. Bri

22、efl y discuss this point of view and comment on the implication for the amount of mark-up that would be applied to budget costs when producing quotes for jobs. (4 marks)5、Crumbly Cakes make cakes, which are sold directly to the public. The new production manager (a celebrity chef) has argued that th

23、e business should use only organic ingredients in its cake production. Organic ingredients are more expensive but should produce a product with an improved flavour and give health benefits for the customers. It was hoped that this would stimulate demand and enable an immediate price increase for the

24、 cakes.Crumbly Cakes operates a responsibility based standard costing system which allocates variances to specific individuals. The individual managers are paid a bonus only when net favourable variances are allocated to them.The new organic cake production approach was adopted at the start of March

25、 2009, following a decision by the new production manager. No change was made at that time to the standard costs card. The variance reports for February and March are shown below (Fav = Favourable and Adv = Adverse)The production manager is upset that he seems to have lost all hope of a bonus under

26、the new system. The sales manager thinks the new organic cakes are excellent and is very pleased with the progress made.Crumbly Cakes operate a JIT stock system and holds virtually no inventory.Required:(a) Assess the performance of the production manager and the sales manager and indicate whether t

27、he current bonus scheme is fair to those concerned. (7 marks)In April 2009 the following data applied:Standard cost card for one cake (not adjusted for the organic ingredient change)The budget for production and sales in April was 50,000 cakes. Actual production and sales was 60,000 cakes inthe mont

28、h, during which the following occurred:Required:(b) Calculate the material price, mix and yield variances and the sales price and sales contribution volumevariances for April. You are not required to make any comment on the performance of the managers.(13 marks)6、CSC Co is a health food company prod

29、ucing and selling three types of high-energy products: cakes, shakes and cookies, to gyms and health food shops. Shakes are the newest of the three products and were first launched three months ago. Each of the three products has two special ingredients, sourced from a remote part the world. The fir

30、st of these, Singa, is a super-energising rare type of caffeine. The second, Betta, is derived from an unusual plant believed to have miraculous health benefits.CSC Cos projected manufacture costs and selling prices for the three products are as follows:For each of the three products, the expected d

31、emand for the next month is 11,200 cakes, 9,800 cookies and 2,500 shakes.The total fixed costs for the next month are $3,000.CSC Co has just found out that the supply of Betta is going to be limited to 12,000 grams next month. Prior to this, CSC Co had signed a contract with a leading chain of gyms,

32、 Encompass Health, to supply it with 5,000 shakes each month, at a discounted price of $580 per shake, starting immediately. The order for the 5,000 shakes is not included in the expected demand levels above.Required:(a) Assuming that CSC Co keeps to its agreement with Encompass Health, calculate th

33、e shortage of Betta, the resulting optimum production plan and the total profit for next month. (6 marks)One month later, the supply of Betta is still limited and CSC Co is considering whether it should breach its contract with Encompass Health so that it can optimise its profits.Required:(b) Discus

34、s whether CSC Co should breach the agreement with Encompass Health.Note: No further calculations are required. (4 marks)Several months later, the demand for both cakes and cookies has increased significantly to 20,000 and 15,000 units per month respectively. However, CSC Co has lost the contract wit

35、h Encompass Health and, after suffering from further shortages of supply of Betta, Singa and of its labour force, CSC Co has decided to stop making shakes at all. CSC Co now needs to use linear programming to work out the optimum production plan for cakes and cookies for the coming month. The variab

36、le x is being used to represent cakes and the variable y to represent cookies.The following constraints have been formulated and a graph representing the new production problem has been drawn:Singa: 025x + 05y 12,000 Betta: 05x + 02y 12,500 Labour: 01x + 012y 3,000 x 20,000 y 15,000 x, y 0Required:(

37、c) (i) Explain what the line labelled C = 26x + 175y on the graph is and what the area represented by the points 0ABCD means. (4 marks)(ii) Explain how the optimum production plan will be found using the line labelled C = 26x + 175y and identify the optimum point from the graph. (2 marks)(iii) Expla

38、in what a slack value is and identify, from the graph, where slack will occur as a result of the optimum production plan. (4 marks)Note: No calculations are needed for part (c).7、ALG Co is launching a new, innovative product onto the market and is trying to decide on the right launch price for the p

39、roduct. The products expected life is three years. Given the high level of costs which have been incurred in developing the product, ALG Co wants to ensure that it sets its price at the right level and has therefore consulted a market research company to help it do this. The research, which relates

40、to similar but not identical products launched by other companies, has revealed that at a price of $60, annual demand would be expected to be 250,000 units. However, for every $2 increase in selling price, demand would be expected to fall by 2,000 units and for every $2 decrease in selling price, de

41、mand would be expected to increase by 2,000 units.A forecast of the annual production costs which would be incurred by ALG Co in relation to the new product are as follows:Required:(a) Calculate the total variable cost per unit and total fixed overheads. (3 marks)(b) Calculate the optimum (profit ma

42、ximising) selling price for the new product AND calculate the resulting profit for the period.Note: If P = a bx then MR = a 2bx. (7 marks)(c) The sales director is unconvinced that the sales price calculated in (b) above is the right one to charge on the initial launch of the product. He believes th

43、at a high price should be charged at launch so that those customers prepared to pay a higher price for the product can be skimmed off first.Required: Discuss the conditions which would make market skimming a more suitable pricing strategy for ALG, and recommend whether ALG should adopt this approach

44、 instead. (5 marks)8、Some commentators argue that: With continuing pressure to control costs and maintain efficiency, the time has come for all public sector organisations to embrace zero-based budgeting. There is no longer a place for incremental budgeting in any organisation, particularly public s

45、ector ones, where zero-based budgeting is far more suitable anyway.Required: (a) Discuss the particular difficulties encountered when budgeting in public sector organisations compared with budgeting in private sector organisations, drawing comparisons between the two types of organisations. (5 marks

46、)(b) Explain the terms incremental budgeting and zero-based budgeting. (4 marks)(c) State the main stages involved in preparing zero-based budgets. (3 marks)(d) Discuss the view that there is no longer a place for incremental budgeting in any organisation, particularly public sector ones, highlighti

47、ng any drawbacks of zero-based budgeting that need to be considered. (8 marks)9、Designit is a small company providing design consultancy to a limited number of large clients. The business is mature and fairly stable year on year. It has 30 employees and is privately owned by its founder. Designit pr

48、epares an annual fixed budget. The companys accounts department consists of one part-qualified accountant who has a heavy workload. He prepares the budget using spreadsheets. The company has a November year end.Designit pays each of its three sales managers an annual salary of $150,000, plus an indi

49、vidual bonus based on sales targets set at the beginning of the year. There are always two levels of bonus that can be earned, based on a lower and an upper level of fee income. For the year ended 30 November 2012, for example, each of the sales managers was given a lower target of securing $15m of

50、fee income each, to be rewarded by an individual bonus equating to 20% of salary. If any of the managers secured a further $15m of fee income, their bonus would increase by 5% to the upper target of 25%. None of the managers achieved the upper target but all of them achieved the lower one.This is th

51、e same every year and Designit finds that often the managers secure work from several major clients early in the year and reach the $15m target well before the year has ended. They then make little effort to secure extra fees for the company, knowing that it would be almost impossible to hit the sec

52、ond target. This, together with a few other problems that have arisen, has made the company consider whether its current budgeting process could be improved and whether the bonus scheme should also be changed.Designit is now considering replacing the fixed budget with a monthly rolling budget, which

53、 Designit believes will make the budgeting process more relevant and timely and encourage managers to focus on the future rather than the past. It would also prevent the problem of targets being met too early on in the year by the sales managers because the targets would be set for monthly performan

54、ce rather than annual performance. For example, a manager could be given a target of securing $200,000 fee income in the first month for a reward of 2% of salary. Then, depending on what is happening both within the business and in the economy as a whole, at the end of the first month, a different t

55、arget fee income could be set for the second month.Required:(a) Explain what a monthly rolling budget is and how it would operate at Designit. (4 marks)(b) Discuss the problems that may be encountered if Designit decides to introduce monthly rolling budgets together with a new bonus scheme, such as

56、the one outlined above. (6 marks)(c) Discuss the problems with the current bonus scheme and, assuming that the company decides against introducing rolling budgets, describe and justify an alternative, more effective bonus scheme that could be introduced. (6 marks)(d) Discuss the risk of using the co

57、mpany accountants own spreadsheets for budgeting. (4 marks)10、Robber Co manufactures control panels for burglar alarms, a very profitable product. Every product comes with a one year warranty offering free repairs if any faults arise in this period.It currently produces and sells 80,000 units per an

58、num, with production of them being restricted by the short supply of labour. Each control panel includes two main components one key pad and one display screen. At present, Robber Co manufactures both of these components in-house. However, the company is currently considering outsourcing the product

59、ion of keypads and/or display screens. A newly established company based in Burgistan is keen to secure a place in the market, and has offered to supply the keypads for the equivalent of $410 per unit and the display screens for the equivalent of $430 per unit. This price has been guaranteed for two

60、 years.The current total annual costs of producing the keypads and the display screens are:Notes:1. Materials costs for keypads are expected to increase by 5% in six months time; materials costs for display screens are only expected to increase by 2%, but with immediate effect.2. Direct labour costs