初中過去完成時講解練習(xí)

1、優(yōu)選文檔過去完成時一、過去完成時的看法與結(jié)構(gòu)特點看法：過去完成時表示在過去某一時間或動作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動作，即“過去的過去（past-in-the-past）”。-|-|-|-那時以前那時現(xiàn)在構(gòu)成：主語+had+過去分詞（p.p），其中had通用于各種人稱。Theyhadalreadyhadbreakfastbeforetheyarrivedatthehotel.Shehadfinishedwritingthecompositionby10：00thismorning.必定句：主語+had+過去分詞.否定句：主語+had+not+過去分詞.一般疑問句：Had+主語+過去分詞?必定回答：

2、Yes,主語+had否定回答：No,主語+hadnt特別疑問句：特別疑問詞或詞組+一般疑問句（Had+主語+過去分詞）？被動語態(tài)：主語+had（hadnt)+been+過去分詞二、過去完成時的判斷依照由時間狀語來判斷一般說來，各種時態(tài)都有特定的時間狀語。與過去完成時連用的時間狀語有：（1）by+過去的時間點。如：Ihadfinishedreadingthenovelbynineoclocklastnight.2）bytheendof+過去的時間點。如：WehadlearnedovertwothousandEnglishwordsbytheendoflastterm.3）before+過去的時間

3、點。如：TheyhadplantedsixhundredtreesbeforelastWednesday.由“過去的過去”來判斷。過去完成時表示“過去的過去”，是指過去某一動作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動作，即動作有先后關(guān)系，動作在前的用過去完成時，在后的用一般過去時。這種用法常出現(xiàn)在：1）賓語從句中當(dāng)賓語從句的主句為一般過去時，且從句的動作先于主句的動作時，從句要用過去完成時。在told,said,knew,heard,thought等動詞后的賓語從句。如：Shesaidthatshehadseenthefilmbefore.2）狀語從句中在時間、條件、原因、方式等狀語從句中，主、從句的動作發(fā)生有

4、先后關(guān)系，動作在前的，要用過去完成時，動作在后的要用一般過去時。如：.優(yōu)選文檔WhenIgottothestation,thetrainhadalreadyleft.Afterhehadfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.注意：before,after引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中，由于before和after自己已表達(dá)了動作的先后關(guān)系，若主、從句表示的動作親密相連，則主、從句都用一般過去時。如：Wheredidyoustudybeforeyoucamehere?Afterheclosedthedoor,helefttheclassroom.3）表表示愿的動詞，如hope,w

5、ish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等，用過去完成時表示原來，未能Wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome,butyoudidnt.依照上、下文來判斷。ImetWangTaointhestreetyesterday.WehadntseeneachothersincehewenttoBeijing.三、過去完成時的主要用法過去完成時表示一個動作或狀態(tài)在過去某一時間或動作以前已經(jīng)完成或結(jié)束，即發(fā)生在“過去的過去”。如：WhenIwokeup,ithadstoppedraining.我醒來時，雨已經(jīng)停了。（主句的動作發(fā)生在“過去的過去”）過去完成時是一

6、個相對的時態(tài)，表示的是“過去的過去”，只有和過去某一時間或某一動作對照較時才使用它。如：Hetoldmethathehadwrittenanewbook.(hadwritten發(fā)生在told以前)過去完成時需要與一個表示過去的時間狀語連用，它不能夠走開過去時間而獨立存在。此時多與already，yet，still，just，before，never等時間副詞及by，before，until等引導(dǎo)的短語或從句連用。如：BeforeshecametoChina,GracehadtaughtEnglishinamiddleschoolforaboutfiveyears.Peterhadcollect

7、edmorethan300Chinesestampsbythetimehewasten.過去完成時表示某一動作或狀態(tài)在過去某時以前已經(jīng)開始，素來連續(xù)到這一過去時間，而且動作還沒有結(jié)束，依舊有連續(xù)下去的可能。如：Bytheendoflastyear,hehadworkedinthefactoryfortwentyyears.（hadworked已有了20年，還有連續(xù)進(jìn)行下去的可能）5.過去完成時還可用在hardlywhen,nosoonerthan剛(就),Itwasthefirst(second,etc)time(that)等固定句型中。e.g：Hardlyhadhebeguntospeakw

8、hentheaudienceinterruptedhim.他剛開始演講，聽眾就打斷了他。Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanhewentawayagain.他剛到就又走了。Itwasthethirdtimethathehadbeenoutofworkthatyear.這是他那一年第三次失業(yè)了.優(yōu)選文檔四、過去完成時與現(xiàn)在完成時的差異現(xiàn)在完成時表示的動作發(fā)生在過去，但重視對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或造成的影響，與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“助動詞have(has)+過去分詞”；過去完成時則是一個相對的時態(tài)，它所表示的動作不但發(fā)生在過去，更重申“過去的過去”，只有和過去某時或某動作對照較時，才用到它。試

9、比較：Ihavelearned1000Englishwordssofar.到目前為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會了1000個英語單詞。Ihadlearned1000Englishwordstillthen.到那時為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會了1000個英語單詞。Imsorrytokeepyouwaiting.對不起，讓你久等了。Oh,notatall.Ihavebeenhereonlyafewminutes.沒什么，我只等了幾分鐘。（“等”的動作從過去某一時間點連續(xù)到現(xiàn)在）Johnreturnedhomeyesterday.約翰昨天回到家的。Wherehadhebeen?他去哪兒了？（答語中使用過去完成時是指約翰在retur

10、nedhome以前去了哪些地方，即“過去的過去”）練習(xí)一單項選擇1Heaskedme_duringthesummerholidays.A.whereIhadbeengone2.What_Jane_bythetimehewassever?A.did,doB.has,doneCdid,did.D.had,done3.I_900EnglishwordsbythetimeIwasten。A.learnedB.waslearningC.hadlearnedD.learnt4.She_livedherefor_years.A.had,afewB.has,severalC.had,alotofD.has,a

11、greatdealof5.Bythetimemyparentsreachedhomeyesterday,I_thedinneralready.AhadcookedB.cookedC.havecookedD.wascooked6.Shesaidshe_theprinciplealreadyA.hasseenB.sawC.willseeD.hadseen7.Shesaidherfamily_themselves_thearmyduringthewar.A.hashidden,fromB.hadhidden,fromC.hashidden,withD.hadhidden,with8.Bythetim

12、ehewastenyearsold,he_.A.hascompleteduniversityB.hascompletedtheuniversityB.hadcompletedanuniversityD.hadcompleteduniversity9.Shehadwrittenanumberofbooks_theendoflastyear.A.forB.inC.byD.at.優(yōu)選文檔10.He_toplay_beforehewas11yearsold.Ahadlearned,pianoB.hadlearned,thepianoC.haslearned,thepianoD.learns,piano

13、.11.What_Annie_bythetimehewasten?A.did,doB.did,didC.has,doneD.haddone12.He_inthefactoryforthreeyearsbeforehejoinedtheArmy.A.hasworkedB.worksC.hadworkedD.willwork13.Bytheendoflastweek,they_thebridge.A.hascompletedB.CompletedC.willcompleteD.hadcompleted14.Benhatesplaying_violin,buthelikesplaying_footb

14、all.A.atheB.thetheC./theD.the/15.Bythetimehewas4,he_alotofGermanwords.A.hadlearnedB.haslearnedC.learnedD.learns16.Jimturnedoffthelightsandthen_theclassroom.A.wasleftB.hadleftC.hasleftD.left17.They_inGuangzhousince2000.A.livedB.hadlivedC.havelivedD.wereliving18.ThetrainfromBeijing_tenminutesago.A.has

15、arrivedB.wasarrivingC.arrivedD.hadarrived19.Thestudents_theirclassroomwhenthevisitorsarrived.A.haveD.havebeencleaned20.Fergie_theprojectinonehour.A.havefinishedB.willfinishC.finishesD.hasfinished21.Theman_hiscoatandwentout.A.putonB.hadputonC.willputonD.wasputtingon二用動詞的合適形式填空We_(paint)thehousebefore

16、we_(move)in.Thatricholdman_(make)awillbeforehe_(die).3.They_(study)themapofthecountrybeforethey_(leave).4.Therobbers_(runaway)beforethepolicemen_(arrive).5.I_(turnoff)allthelightsbeforeI_(go)tobed.6.Paul_(go)outwithJaneafterhe_(make)aphonecall.Tom_(say)he_(read)thebooktwice.Ourplan_(fail)becausewe_(

17、make)abadmistake.Whenthechairman_(finish)speaking,he_(leave)thehall.10.TheReads_(have)lunchwhenI_(get)totheirhouse.11.WhenI_(arrive)atthestation,he_(leave).12.We_(learn)about4000Englishwordsbytheendoflastterm.Iwaiteduntilhe_(finish)hishomework.Weweresurprisedatwhatshe_already_(do)15.She_(notgo)toQin

18、gdaobecauseshe_(be)therebefore.三句型變換.優(yōu)選文檔1Ihadsoldtheticketwhenshecame（.改否定句）2.Shehadsungasongtousbeforeshedanced（改.否定句）3.Theybegantoclimbthemountainaftertheyhadboughtallthefoodanddrinks（.否定）4.By10:00a.m,Ihadbeenveryhungry.（改一般疑問）5.LucyhadalreadycompletedtheprojectwhenIarrived（.改一般疑問）6.Bythetimehegottotheairport,theplanehadtakenoff.（改一般疑問）7.HehadbrokenhisarmwhenIsawhim（.對劃線部散提問）8.Whenhehadreadthenote,heateit（.對劃線部散提問）9.Jackdidntgotothecinbemacausehehadseenthefilm.（對劃線部散提問）10.Weh