02. 時態(tài) 自考補充語法 6

1、 表示時間的關(guān)鍵詞是我們確定用何種時態(tài)的首要依據(jù)I By具體時間完成時態(tài) 如具體時間為現(xiàn)在時，則與現(xiàn)在完成時連用 如具體時間為過去時，則與過去完成時連用 如具體時間為將來時，則與將來完成時連用II ever since一般過去時動作/時間現(xiàn)在完成時III all the time 進行時態(tài)IV 過去的過去用過去完成時表示VI before, long before, for, insince +時間點 常與完成時態(tài)連用 時 態(tài)I. 進行時現(xiàn)在：just,now,at present,when/while,at the moment, still,Look!etc.過去：at 7 cclock

2、yesterday,while,at that time/moment,etc.時 態(tài)II. 完成時現(xiàn)在：already, all this while, as yet, before, by now, ever, for, how long, in/within/during/the past/last 2years, in recent years , just, long, never, now, once, presently/lately, several times, since, so far, this week, today, up to now/present, yet,

3、etc.過去：before/when/until+過去時間, by the time/by the end of, by then,already,ever,for,just, never,never when(+過去時間), since,yet,時 態(tài)III. 完成進行時現(xiàn)在：all morning,all the time,all these years,because 從句中, (ever)since,for, these days,recent years,how long, etc.過去：because 從句中,for +過去時間,since,etc. E X E R C I S E

4、The earth _ around the sun. A. move B. moves C. is moved D. moved2. Four plus three _ seven. A. equals B. equaled C. have equaled D. will equal3. The plane _ in an hour. A. leaved B.leaves C. has left D. was leaving4. School _ in early September. A. begin B. was beginning C. is beginning D. begins 5

5、. Call me as soon as you _ there. A. got B. is getting C. get D. will get6. Well go swimming if the weather _ good tomorrow. A. was B. is C. will be D. has been7. I cant do it unless my mother _. A. agrees B. agreed C. is agreeing D. will agree8. They _ Miss White will teach us English. A. says B. s

6、ay C. will say D. had said9. Barak _ me the Hedrens are moving from No.12. A. told B. will tell C. tell D. tells時 態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時： (simple present)1真理，經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性動作及現(xiàn)在狀態(tài) 常和always, every weekend, never, occasionally, often, on Mondays, seldom, sometimes, twice a year, usually等狀語連用。 還有報刊標(biāo)題，舞臺指導(dǎo)說明。2表示預(yù)先安排好將要發(fā)生的動作，多

7、見于行程安排 常用于begin, close, depart, finish, go, leave, open, start, stop等動詞3代替將來時，用于時間和條件狀語從句4表示已發(fā)生的動作，用于hear, learn, say, tell等動詞時 態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時： (simple present) I hope, I bet 等后that 從句中表將來時e.g. I hope the train isnt/wont be late. I bet it rains/will rain tomorrow.see (to it), look out, make sure, make certa

8、in, watch out take care, take notice, take the responsibility等后that分句中表將來時e.g. Will you see to it that Miss Smith gets/will get/can get all the help she needs.一般現(xiàn)在時表示現(xiàn)在進行時 e.g. Here comes the bus!E X E R C I S EOn July 26, he _ reinforcement projects and _ with people. A. visitedtalked B. visitstalk

9、s C. will visittalked D.visitstalks2. He _ the statement at a meeting with Ambassador Qin Huasun last Friday. A. made b. make C. makes D. will makeE X E R C I S E3. Arafat never _ before. A. smokes B. will smoke C. is smoking D. smoked4. Hilary usually _ her lessons in the sitting-room. A. preparing

10、 B. was preparing C. prepare D. prepared5. I missed that exciting game, because mother said I couldnt watch before my homework _. A. is finished B. was finished C. finishes D. is finishing6. Father promised to buy me a bike if he _ a raise. A. gets B. got C. is getting D. will get時 態(tài)一般過去時： (simple p

11、ast)1過去發(fā)生的動作或情況，常和表示過去時間點的時間狀語連用2過去的習(xí)慣動作，常和never, often, usually等狀語連用3在時間和條件狀語從句中，代替過去將來時 時 態(tài)一般過去時： (simple past)- Did you want me?- Yes, I wondered if youd help me.用于委婉語氣，僅限于 want，wonder，think，hope等少數(shù)動詞Its time you had a holiday.I wish you lived closer to us.If only he didnt drive so fast!用于虛擬語氣，多用

12、于表示主觀設(shè)想的固定句型。E X E R C I S EThe Olympic Games, first celebrated in Athens in 1896, _ every four years so far this century, except during the two world wars. A. are held B. were held C. had been held D. have been held2. She _ several wallets _ by pickpockets this year. A. has; lost B. had; lost C. ha

13、s; stolen D. has had; stolenE X E R C I S E3. It seems oil _ from this pipe for some time, well have to take the machine apart to put it right. A. had leaked B. is leaking C. leaked D. has been leaking4. The patient _ of a pain in his stomach since noon. A. complained B. has been complaining C. had

14、complained D. is complained5. We _ the matter but no decision _ about it. A. have considered, were made B. have been considering, is made C. have been considering, was made D. have been considering, has been made時 態(tài)現(xiàn)在完成時： (present perfect)用來表示一個反復(fù)進行的動作著重表示動作的結(jié)果和完成 （可用于不定式中和情態(tài)動詞后）現(xiàn)在完成進行時： (present pe

15、rfect progressive)強調(diào)動作的延續(xù)性強調(diào)動作已持續(xù)一段時間并將延續(xù)下去或說明動作到目前為止一直在進行時 態(tài)現(xiàn)在完成時： (present perfect)“已完成”：動作或過程發(fā)生在說話之前某個沒有明確說出的過去時間，（常指最近的過去時間），現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成了，并與現(xiàn)在的情況有聯(lián)系。通常不與表示一段時間的狀語連用。e.g. Hes turned off the light.“未完成”：動作或狀態(tài)從過去某時開始，繼續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能繼續(xù)下去，也可能剛剛結(jié)束。通常與表示一段時間的狀語連用。e.g. Hes lived here since 1960.時 態(tài)現(xiàn)在完成進行時： (present

16、 perfect progressive)有時可以互換使用，含義無甚差別。e.g. Weve been living here for ten years. Weve lived here for ten years.由于現(xiàn)在完成進行時還具有進行時的持續(xù)性、暫時性、和未完成性的特點，有時又不可互換使用，含義不同。e.g. Whos been eating my dinner? Whos eaten my dinner? E X E R C I S EBefore the first non-stop flight made in 1949, it _ necessary for all pla

17、nes to land for refueling. A. would be B. has been C. had been D. would have been2. Until then, his family _ from him for six months. A. didnt hear B. hasnt been hearing C. hadnt heard D. hasnt heard E X E R C I S E3. The lecture was very boring and many people began to leave early. By the end, most

18、 people _. A. had already been leaving B. had already left C. were already leaving D. were already left4. We _ our breakfast when an old man came to the door. A. just have had B. have just had C. just had D. had just had 5. I was hungry. I _ nothing all day. A. had eaten B. ate C. had been eating D.

19、 have eatenE X E R C I S E6. We _ that we would be able to leave tomorrow. But its beginning to look difficult. A. have hoped B. had hoped C. would hope D. should hope7. I _ to call on you, but was prevented from doing so. A. mean B. have meant C. meant D. had meantE X E R C I S E8. -What happened?

20、-We _ for an hour when the bus finally come. A. waited B. have waited C. have been waiting D. had been waiting9. The school board listened quietly as John read the demands that his followers _ for. A. be demonstrating B. demonstrate C. had been demonstrating D. have dimonstrated時 態(tài)過去完成時： (past perfe

21、ct) 過去完成時主要表示相對于過去某個時間或動作之前已完成或發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)。常和after, before, by, until 等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語連用。當(dāng)動詞的過去完成時用于expect,hope, intend, mean, plan, suppose, think, want等動詞，表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)的希望、打算或意圖。過去完成進行時：(past perfect progressive)過去完成進行時表示過去某時刻前已發(fā)生并一直延續(xù)到這一過去時刻的動作。和過去完成時一樣，是一個相對的時態(tài)，上下文中須有明示或暗示的作為參照的過去時間。時 態(tài)過去完成時：(past perfect)用于表示與

22、過去事實相反的主觀設(shè)想：If he had walked faster yesterday morning, everything would have been all right.I felt as if I had known her all my life.I would rather you had told her the truth last night.用于expect, think, intend,mean,want, suppose等動詞表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)的希望、打算、或意圖。I had expected to tell you the truth, but you were

23、 not there. had intended/meant had planned/wished d have liked/loved E X E R C I S EWhile people may refer to television for up-to-the minute news,it is unlikely that television _ the newspaper completely. A. will replace B. have replaced C. replace D. replaced2. I hope the train _ late. A. isnt B.

24、wasnt C. hasnt been D. hadnt been3. I bet it _ tomorrow. A. rained B. is raining C. rained D. rainsE X E R C I S E4. Will you see to it that Miss Smith _ all the help she needs? A. gets B. would get C. got D. get5. As automation increases, the problems of unemployment will become more serious unless

25、 more men and women _ the training necessary for white-collar positions. A. have been given B. will be given C. are given D. would be given6. She will come to call on you the moment she _ her work. A. has finished B. had finished C. finished D. will finishE X E R C I S E7. I decided to go the librar

26、y as soon as I _ what I was doing. A. finishes B. finished C. will finish D. have finished8. Great efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage _ avoided. A. is to be B. can be C. will be D. has been時 態(tài)一般將來時：結(jié)果狀語從句、賓語從句、原因狀語從句1一般將來時主要用來表示將來發(fā)生的動作或未來的傾向2. 將來時間可以用一般現(xiàn)在時來表示：

27、I 在I hope , I bet等后面的 that 從句中可用一般現(xiàn)在時來表示將來時間 II 在表示“要注意使”，“務(wù)必使”，“保證使”等含義的see (to it), make sure, make certain, take care, take notice, take the responsibility, look out, watch out 等結(jié)構(gòu)后面that分句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來時間 III 在時間或條件狀語從句中，一般將來時用一般現(xiàn)在時表示，現(xiàn)在將來完成時則由現(xiàn)在完成時表示。同樣地，在時間或條件狀語從句中，過去將來時用一般過去時表示，過去將來完成時則由過去完成時表示E

28、 X E R C I S EThe peasants were sure that they _ another bumper harvest that year. A. will have B. had C. would have D. was having2. The students _ play table tennis that afternoon. A. are going to B. were going to C. will D. had3. Last Sunday we _ go for a picnic but it rained. A. will B. are to C.

29、 were going to D. shall4. As I _ the next day, I went to bed early on Thursday evening. A. left B. was to leave C. will leave D. had leftE X E R C I S E5. I _ the next day. A. was to have left B. will leave C. dont leave D. am leaving6. I felt (that) something terrible _. A. will happen B. happens C

30、. has happened D. was about to happen7. The holidays _ when it rained. A. were about to start B. start C. are starting D. have started時 態(tài)過去將來時：1過去將來時的用法多見于賓語從句間接引語2用was/were going to do表示的過去將來時間的動作或時態(tài)，也可以是沒有實現(xiàn)的3表示按計劃、安排將發(fā)生的過去將來的動作，我們也可用was/were to do表示4. 如果過去將來的計劃和安排沒有實現(xiàn)，也可用was/were to have done表示 5

31、. was/were about to do結(jié)構(gòu)，表示最近的過去將來時間E X E R C I S EThe conference _ a full week by the time it ends. A. will have lasted B. must have lasted C. would last D. has lasted2. Its reported that by the end of this month the output of cement in the factory _ by about 10%. A. will have risen B. has risen C.

32、 will be risen D. has been rising3. By February next year I _ on this job for five years. A. shall be here B. must have been here C. have been here D. shall have been here4. Pick me up at 8 oclock. I _ my bath by then. A. will have had B. will be having C. can have had D. may have5. On her next anni

33、versary she _ married for 25 years. A. will be B. will have been C. has been D. is being6. They _ the bridge in two months time. A. have finished B. finish C. will have finished D. are finishing7. We hope the film _ when we reach the cinema. A. will not start B. will not be starting C. didnt start D

34、. will not have started時 態(tài)將來完成時：將來完成時主要表示將來某個時刻之前業(yè)已完成的動作或一直持續(xù)的狀態(tài)。將來完成時必須有一個時間狀語。常用的有：by + 具體時間；this time +具體時間；in + 一段時間；以及由by the time, before, when 等引導(dǎo)的副詞從句。 Q U I Z 1. The Olympic Games, first celebrated in Athens in 1896, _ every four years so far this century, except during the two world wars.

35、A. are held B. were held C. had been held D. have been held2. It seems oil _ from this pipe for some time, well have to take the machine apart to put it right. A. had leaked B. is leaking C. leaked D. has been leaking3. Before the first non-stop flight made in 1949, it _ necessary for all planes to

36、land for refueling. A. would be B. has been C. had been D. would have been4. Until then, his family _ from him for six months. A. didnt hear B. hasnt been hearing C. hadnt heard D. hasnt heard Q U I Z 5. We _ our breakfast when an old man came to the door. A. just have had B. have just had C. just h

37、ad D. had just had 6. While people may refer to television for up-to-the minute news,it is unlikely that television _ the newspaper completely. A. will replace B. have replaced C. replace D. replacedQ U I Z 7. I decided to go the library as soon as I _ what I was doing. A. finishes B. finished C. wi

38、ll finish D. have finished8. The conference _ a full week by the time it ends. A. will have lasted B. must have lasted C. would last D. has lastedQ U I Z 9. Its reported that by the end of this month the output of cement in the factory _ by about 10%. A. will have risen B. has risen C. will be risen

39、 D. has been rising10. Pick me up at 8 oclock. I _ my bath by then. A. will have had B. will be having C. can have had D. may haveQ U I Z Keys:1. The Olympic Games, first celebrated in Athens in 1896, _ every four years so far this century, except during the two world wars. A. are held B. were held

40、C. had been held D. have been held2. It seems oil _ from this pipe for some time, well have to take the machine apart to put it right. A. had leaked B. is leaking C. leaked D. has been leaking3. Before the first non-stop flight made in 1949, it _ necessary for all planes to land for refueling. A. wo

41、uld be B. has been C. had been D. would have been4. Until then, his family _ from him for six months. A. didnt hear B. hasnt been hearing C. hadnt heard D. hasnt heard5. We _ our breakfast when an old man came to the door. A. just have had B. have just had C. just had D. had just had Keys:6. While p

42、eople may refer to television for up-to-the minute news,it is unlikely that television _ the newspaper completely. A. will replace B. have replaced C. replace D. replaced7. I decided to go the library as soon as I _ what I was doing. A. finishes B. finished C. will finish D. have finished8. The conf

43、erence _ a full week by the time it ends. A. will have lasted B. must have lasted C. would last D. has lasted9. Its reported that by the end of this month the output of cement in the factory _ by about 10%. A. will have risen B. has risen C. will be risen D. has been rising10. Pick me up at 8 oclock

44、. I _ my bath by then. A. will have had B. will be having C. can have had D. may haveE X E R C I S EIts the third time I _ this particular aspect of grammar. A. explain B. explained C. have explained D. will explain2. That was the first time the old lady _ her sufferings to others. S. was telling B.

45、 had told C. tell D. told3. Dont worry, itll be a bit difficult the first time you _ the children. Soon youll find it much easier. A. will teach B. have taught C. teach D. taught4. Its about time I _ something about home-decorating. A. learn B. learned C. have learned D. should learn時 態(tài) 慣用句型是我們判斷用何種

46、時態(tài)的重要依據(jù)I It is / was/ will be the first time + that-clause 當(dāng)主句動詞為is/will be 時，that-分句動詞一律用現(xiàn)在完成時have done 當(dāng)主句動詞為was時，that-分句動詞通常用過去完成時had done 1名詞短語the first (second,etc.) time 作從屬連詞引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句 2It is time that的that從句謂語動詞要用一般過去時表示 虛擬語氣形式E X E R C I S ENow he has put an ugly stone head over the gate. It

47、is one of the ugliest faces I _. A. saw B.see C. had seen D. have ever seen2. In 1997, she was the largest ship that _. A. had ever been built B. has ever built C. has ever been built D. was ever built時 態(tài) 慣用句型是我們判斷用何種時態(tài)的重要依據(jù)II 含有ever的現(xiàn)在完成時或過去完成時，經(jīng)常放在形容詞最高級后,說明最高級比較范圍,表示“所見過/聽過的最” 現(xiàn)在完成時have done表示迄今為止的經(jīng)歷 過去完成時had done表示到過去某時間為止的所有經(jīng)歷時 態(tài) 慣用句型是我們判斷用何種時態(tài)的重要依據(jù) III had hardly/scarcely done when/before did