代詞2 詳細版課件

1、第四講 代詞 英語中代詞可以分為人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、疑問代詞、不定代詞。難點鏈接人稱代詞主格I weyou he she it they賓格me usyouhim her it them1.人稱代詞有主格和賓格之分。通常主格作主語，賓格作賓語。注意：動詞和介詞后一定接人稱代詞的賓格。You , he and I are in the same school. （作主語）They said he missed us very much .Do you know him?（作賓語）There is air all around us , though we cant see i

2、t .2.人稱代詞還可作表語。作表語時用賓格。如：-Who is knocking at the door? - Its me.3.人稱代詞在than之后與其他人或事物進行比較時，用主格和賓格都可以。如：He is older than me. He is older than I am.二 物主代詞(表示一種所有關系，譯成 ”的” )形容詞性my ouryour his her its their名詞性mine oursyourshis hers its theirs形容詞性物主代詞的作用相當于形容詞，放在名詞之前作定語，不能獨立使用。例如：Our teacher is coming to

3、see us. This is her pencil-box.2. 名詞性物主代詞的作用相當于名詞，也相當于形容詞性物主代詞+名詞，在句中可用作主語、賓語和表語，其后不能加名詞。例如： Our school is here, and theirs is there.（作主語）- Is this English-book yours? （作表語）- No. Mine is in my bag.Ive already finished my homework. Have you finished yours? （作賓語）用所給詞的適當形式填空Whats _ telephone number ？(s

4、he)Lucy is a friend of _ . (I)_ book is on the desk (I) and _ is in the backpack . (you)Jim is ill today ,please take good care of _ . (his) - Who is knocking at the door ? - Its _ . (I)三 反身代詞 英語中用來表示“我自己”，“你自己”，“他自己”，“我們自己”，“你們自己“, ”他們自己”等意義的代詞稱為反身代詞。反身代詞可以在句中作賓語，表語，同位語。英語中的反身代詞有： myself ourselves

5、yourself yourselves himself herself itself themslves1. 作賓語，表示動作的承受者就是動作的發(fā)出者，主語和賓語。指同一個人或一些人。 He called himself a writer Would you please express yourself in English?2. 作表語。The girl in red is myself 3. 作主語或賓語的同位語，表示親自或本人。 I myself washed the clothes（作主語同位語） You should ask the teacher himself（作賓語同位語）4

6、.常用短語： enjoy oneself Help yourself to some fish. teach oneself = learn by oneself all by oneself四 指示代詞指示代詞包括：this，that，these，those。 this和these一般用來指在時間或空間上較近的事物或人，that和those則指時間和空間上較遠的事物或人，例如：This is a pen and that is a pencilWe are busy these days What are those in English ？In those days the workers

7、 had a hard time2. 有時that和those指前面講到過的事物，例如：I had a cold. Thats why I didnt come. 3. 有時為了避免重復提到的名詞，?？捎胻hat或those代替，例如：Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in ShanghaiThe weather in Beijing is cold that in Guangzhou .4. this 在電話用語中代表自己，that 則代表對方。例如：Hello! This is Mary. Is t

8、hat Jack speaking?五 不定代詞 不指明代替任何特定名詞的代詞叫做不定代詞，現(xiàn)將幾個常用的不定代詞舉例說明如下：1. some與any的區(qū)別1）some多用于肯定句，表示“一些，幾個”作形容詞時，后面可以接不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞（復數(shù)）。Look! Some of the students are cleaning the library. Some rice in the bag has been sold out.2）any多用于疑問句、條件句和否定句中，表示“一些，任何”用作形容詞時，后面可以接不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞（復數(shù)）。If you have any questions

9、, please ask me. There isnt any orange in the bottle. Have you got any tea?3）有些疑問句表示請求，建議，反問時用some而不用any.May I ask you some questions ?Why didnt you buy some bananas ? 2. few, a few, little, a little在用法上的區(qū)別1）few(表否定), a few 修飾可數(shù)名詞（且寫成復數(shù)），little(表否定), a little 修飾不可數(shù)名詞。Im going to buy a few apples. He

10、 can speak only a little Chinese. There is only a little milk in the glass. He has few friends. They had little money with them.2）a little和little也可以用作副詞，a little表示“有點，稍微”，little表示“很少”。Im a little hungry. (修飾形容詞hungry) Let him sleep a little. (修飾動詞sleep)Mary, go a little faster, please. (修飾副詞比較級) She

11、 slept very little last night.3. every與each的區(qū)別。Each：1)可單獨使用，2)可做代名詞、形容詞，3)著重“個別”， 4)用于兩者或兩者以上中的每一個人或物。Every：1)不可單獨使用，2)僅作形容詞，3)著重“全體”，毫無例外，4)用于三者或三者以上每一個人或物。當我們說each child, each student或each teacher時，我們想到的是一個人的情況。而當我們說every child和every student時，我們想到的是全體的情況，every的意思與all接近，表示他們都如此。The teacher gave a t

12、oy to each child. Each ball has a different colour.Every student loves the English teacher. = All students love the English teacher.Every child likes playing. = All children like playing.注意：我們可以用each of , 而不能用 every of 如：Each of you can have a rest. 4. other, the other, another, others, the others注意

13、：1）other可以作形容詞用，后面可以跟單數(shù)或復數(shù)名詞，意思是“其他的、別的”。 Where are his other books? I havent any other books except this one.2）other也可以用作代詞，與冠詞the連用構成“the other”，表示兩個人或物中的“另一個”。常與one搭配構成“one ., the other .”句型。 He has two brothers. One is 10 years old , the other is 5 years old. She held a ruler in one hand and an

14、exercise-book in the other.代名詞形容詞單數(shù)復數(shù)單數(shù)復數(shù)another另一個others別人，其他人another (boy)另一個（男孩）other (boys)其他男孩the other另一個the others其余那些人、物the other (boy)另一個男孩the other (boys)其余那些男孩3）other作代詞用時，可以有復數(shù)“others”，泛指“另外的人或物”。常與some搭配構成“some ., others .”句型。 Some went to the cinema, others went swimming. This coat is

15、too large. Show me some others, please.4）“the others”表示特指某范圍內的“其他的人或物”。 We got home by 4 oclock, but the others didnt get back until 8 oclock. In our class only Tom is English, the others are Chinese.5）another可以作形容詞用，修飾后面的名詞，意為“另一個”，還可以跟代詞one. You can see another ship in the sea, cant you? Mary does

16、nt want to buy this skirt. Would you please show her another one?6）another也可以作代詞用，表示“另一個”。 Im still hungry after Ive had this cake. Please give me another.5. all和both的用法。1）all指三者以上（都），或不可數(shù)的東西。謂語動詞既可以用單數(shù)，也可以用作復數(shù)。在句中作主語、表語、賓語、同位語和定語。 All of us like Mr. Pope. 我們都喜歡Pope先生。（作主語） = We all like Mr. Pope. (

17、作同位語) All the water has been used up. (作主語) Thats all for today. (作表語) Why not eat all (of) the fish? (作賓語) All the leaders are here. (作定語) 2）both作代詞。與其他名詞或代詞并列出現(xiàn)，表示“兩個都”。 Lucy and Lily both agree with us. Both Kangkang and Jane are good students .與“of +代詞（或名詞）”連用，表示“兩者都”。 Both of them came to see M

18、ary. Both of the books are very interesting.6) either , neither , none , no one either 表示兩個中的任何一個， neither 表示兩者都不是 ，none 表示三者以上都不是 ，即可指認也可指物 ， 而no one 只可指人。 There are many trees on either side of the road.Tom and Tim are noisy . I like neither of them .None of the questions is easy.注意： either or nei

19、ther nor not only but also , there be 等結構需用到就近原則。either 還用于否定句中，表示也。 one 作不定代詞時，用來指代前文出現(xiàn)的人或物 。而如果前文的名詞是復數(shù)時，則用ones來代替。 I have a big nose and Jane has a small one . I have big eyes and Jane has small ones .8)復合不定代詞表示某人，某物，某地。當其作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。someone somebody something everybody everyone everything anybo

20、dy anyone anything Somebody has turned off the light .Everything goes well .注意：修飾不定代詞的形容詞需后置。 I have something important to tell you .六 相互代詞 表示相互關系的代詞叫做相互代詞。相互代詞有each other 和one another兩種形 式。在當代英語中，each other和one another沒有什么區(qū)別。相互代詞可在句中作賓語，定語。作定語用時，相互代詞用所有格形式。 We should learn from each other / one an

21、other. （作賓語） Do you often write to each other / one another? （作賓語） We often borrow each others / one anothers books. （作定語） The students corrected each others / one anothers mistakes in their homework. （作定語）七 關系代詞的用法 關系代詞是一種引導定語從句并起連接主句和從句作用的代詞。關系代詞有 who, whose, whom, that, which. 它們在句中可用作主語,表語,賓語,定語

22、. 在主句中,它們還代表著從句所修飾的那個名詞或代詞。例如：I hate people who talk much but do little.Im looking at the photo which you sent me with your letter.With the money that he had saved, he went on with his studies.Do you know the lady who is interviewing our headmaster?例題解析1 These are books. Yours are over there.A I B m

23、y C me D mine答案B. 這里應用形容詞性物主代詞。2 Mary, help to the bananas, please.A you B your C yourself D yourselves答案C. help oneself to something為“自己拿某物”。yourself為“你一個人”，而yourselves為“你們”。3 is wrong with my watch. It has stopped.A Something, working B Something, to workC Any thing, working D Anything, to work答案A

24、.因為是肯定句所以應用Something,其后由于表停止工作了，則stop后要用動名詞。4 My skirt is popular than.A much, her B much, hers C more, her D more, hers答案D.因句中有than,所以應選用比較級，而than后要選用名詞性物主代詞。5 Can you speak English? Yes, but only.A few B a few C little D a little答案D.因會講某種語言的多少要用a little,把它看作不可數(shù)名詞對待，此答語為：是的，但僅僅會講一點。6 Mr.Smith is an

25、 old friend of.A I B me C my D mine答案D. 這里應選名詞性物主代詞，of短語+名詞性物主代詞構成雙重所有格，這也是英語的一種習慣用法。7 Mr Green wouldnt say at the meeting.A everything B nothing C anything D something答案C. 在否定句中應用anything8 “Mum, Anns coming tonight. Lets give her to eat.” “Good idea!”A anything nice B nice anything C something nice

26、 D nice something答案C.9 When shall we meet, this evening or tomorrow evening? I dont mind. time is OK.A Some B Neither C Either D Both答案C. 因如選用both則名詞要用復數(shù)名詞，也要用復數(shù)謂語動詞，由于答語前有I dont mind 則決定不能選擇neither.10 This is not her kite,but.A hes B him C he D his答案D. 要注意“他的”名詞性物主代詞與形容詞性物主代詞是同形的。11 Dont worry, Mum

27、! news is good news. Im sure daddy will come back soon.A No B Many C Those D Two答案A.這是一條諺語，即沒有消息就是好消息。 12 Oh, dear! Who broke the glass? Sam Bruce. It was the cat.A Both, and B Not, but C Neither, nor D Either, or答案C neithernor意為既不也不13 The students are having a good time in the park. Some are drawin

28、g by the lake.are climbing the hill.A Others B Other C Another D The other答案A. 這里因為是代替復數(shù)名詞，所以應用名詞性的復數(shù)代名詞。14 I have two pencils. One is red, is blue.A the other B another C others D the others答案A. 兩者中的另一個應為特指。而且應為單數(shù)形式的代名詞。而another是泛指單數(shù)代名詞。others是泛指復數(shù)代名詞，而the others是特指復數(shù)代名詞。15 Sorry, I cant answer you

29、r question. I know about the subject.A little B a little C few D a few答案A.中文講我對此知道的不多，而英文中要用little。其含意為否定句。16 My sister doesnt like skating. . A So do I B So I dont C Neither I dont D Neither do I答案D. 這是表達上面否定句中的動作，也同樣不適合于第二個人。所以要用neither,并要采用倒裝句。17 Yesterday morning there were only three boys in ou

30、r room,.A you, he and I B I, you and he C he, I and you D you, I and he答案A.這是若干人稱代詞并列時的順序問題。 18 All the students are busy, soof them will go to the concert.A many B little C a few D few答案D. student為可數(shù)名詞。19 The teacher gave student a new book.A nobody B both C each D any答案C. both其后的名詞應為復數(shù)，而any用于疑問句和否定句中只有each可以修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。20