八年級下冊現(xiàn)在完成時講解與練習(xí)

1、八年級下冊現(xiàn)在完成時講解與練習(xí)八年級下冊現(xiàn)在完成時講解與練習(xí)八年級下冊現(xiàn)在完成時講解與練習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成時: have/ has +過去分詞 1) 表示到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成或剛剛完成的動作。Now we have planted all the trees. He has just come back.2021/4/1322) 表示過去發(fā)生的動作, 但強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在的影響。Have you had your supper?I have read the book twice already.在以上兩種用法中常跟already, notyet, never, just, before, ever, r

2、ecently等時間繼續(xù)下去的狀語。2021/4/1333) 表示過去已經(jīng)開始, 持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在, 也許還會繼續(xù)下去的動作或狀態(tài)，常及包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的一段時間的狀語連用。He has studied English for 6 years. Mary has been busy since she came back from Hangzhou.2021/4/134過去分詞的構(gòu)成 1.直接加-ed。如：play-played 2.以字母e結(jié)尾的直接加d 。如：name-named 3.以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的，變y為i加ed。如：carry-carried 4.重讀閉音節(jié)且末尾只有一個輔音字母，雙寫這個

3、輔音字母再加-ed。如：stop-stopped2021/4/135現(xiàn)在完成時 Present perfect 句型1.肯定句現(xiàn)在完成時的肯定句式是“have（has）過去分詞”。 注意：該句式中的have或has是助動詞，has用于第三人稱單數(shù)，其它人稱一律用have。2.疑問句現(xiàn)在完成時的一般疑問句式是把助動詞have或has提到主語之前。 （回答用“Yes，have（has）“No，havent（hasnt）” ）3.否定句：現(xiàn)在完成時的否定句式是“havent（hasnt）過去分詞”。 2021/4/136I have eaten my lunch.She has eaten her

4、lunch.He has eaten his lunch.肯定句They have eaten their lunch.2021/4/137I have not (havent) seen the film. She has not (hasnt) seen the film.現(xiàn)在完成時的否定形式：have not (havent) +過去分詞 has not (hasnt) +過去分詞 I havent eaten supper. eat-eatenHe hasnt changed his idea. change-changedMy mother hasnt come back home.

5、 come-come否定句2021/4/138Ive already had dinner. I _ _ dinner _.2. He has just finished his homework. He _ _ his homework _.3. Mums cooked the dinner. Mum _ _ the dinner.4. Susans learned English at school. Susan _ _ English at school.haventhadyethasnt finishedyethasnt cookedhasntlearned把下列句子改為否定句2021

6、/4/139Have you eaten your breakfast?現(xiàn)在完成時的一般疑問句形式Have/has 提前+過去分詞 Have you known Sandy for a long time?Yes, I have/ No, I havent. know-knownHas she eaten anything since 9:00 a.m.Yes, she has/ No, she hasnt. eat-eaten疑問句2021/4/1310Ive already had dinner. 2. He has just finished his homework. 3. Mums

7、cooked the dinner.4. Susans learned English at school.Have you already had dinner?Has he just finished his homework?Has mum cooked the dinner? Has Susan learned English at school?把下列句子改為一般疑問句2021/4/1311分清及一般過去時的用法現(xiàn)在完成時屬于現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的范圍，不能和表示過去的時間狀語連用，如yesterday,last night,three weeks ago,in1990等.而一般過去時只表示過去

8、的動作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關(guān)系。eg- I have seen the film.eg- I saw the film last week.eg- He has lived here since 1993.eg- He lived here in 1993.2021/4/1312Notes:1) have gone to 及have been tohave gone to表示某人已離開了原地，去了另外某地，說話時，人已不在原地。后者表示某人曾have been to去過某地，說話時人已不在某地了。He has been to Xian twice. 他曾經(jīng)去過西安兩次。（已經(jīng)回來了）You c

9、ant find him. He has gone to Xian. 你找不到他。他去西安了。（沒回來）2021/4/1313動詞填空：1._ you _(clean) the room? Yes, we_(do) that already. When _ you _(do) it? We _(do) it an hour ago.2.- _ he _(see) this film yet ? -Yes. - When _ he _(see) it ? - He _ it last week. 3. -How many times _you_(come) here? -Once.Havecle

10、anedhave donediddodidHasseendidseesawhavecome2021/4/13144. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interesting.5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes. How _ she _(go) there? She _(go) there by air.6. So far, many countries _(develop) their software programs.7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking last year.8.- _ you eve

11、r _(ride) a horse?- Never.9.He _( keep) the book since two days ago.have readhas gonedidgowenthave developedgaveHaveriddenhas kept2021/4/1315練習(xí)題:1.Its a long time since we _ (meet) last, isnt it? 2.-I know you _ (choose) a picture book among these. -Yes,Have a look at it, please. 3.So far, spaceship

12、s without people _ (reach) the moon and some other parts of the universe. 4.My father_ home for nearly three weeks.A.has gone away fromB.has leftC.has been away fromD.went away 5.Mr. and Mrs. Green have_in China for a week. A.been B.got C.arrived D.reached methave chosenhave reachedCA2021/4/1316Ive

13、already had dinner. 2. He has just finished his homework. 3. Mums cooked the dinner.4. Susans learned English at school. What have you already done?What has he just done?Who has cooked the dinner?Where has Susan learned English?對劃線部分提問2021/4/1317（for+表示一段時間的詞組，since+表示過去某一時刻的詞或詞組）謂語只可用延續(xù)性動詞.eg.- Ive

14、 lived here for 15 years.eg.- Ive lived here since 15 years ago(2003)選用for和since填空:1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the factory _ 10 years ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.5.His grandparents have been dead _ sever

15、al years.6. Its five years _ we met last timeforsinceforsinceforsince2021/4/1318當(dāng)現(xiàn)在完成時及表示短時間的時間狀語連用時，謂語動詞必須使用延續(xù)性動詞。如果謂語動詞是非延續(xù)性動詞則轉(zhuǎn)化為對應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞。 若不是和短時間連用，則不用轉(zhuǎn)化。英語的行為動詞有持續(xù)性動詞和瞬間性動詞之分，使用中應(yīng)注意兩者的區(qū)別。1. 持續(xù)性動詞: 表示一個動作可以持續(xù)一段時間或更長時間。常見的study, play, do, read, learn, drive, write, clean , sleep, speak, talk, wai

16、t, fly, stay, sit, stand, lie, keep等。2. 瞬間性動詞: 表示一個動作發(fā)生在一瞬間，非常短暫。亦稱終止性動詞。常見的-begin, start, finish, go, come, leave, find, get up, arrive, reach, get to, enter, hear, stop, open, close, become, buy, borrow, lend, happen, join, lose, renew, die, take away, put up, set out, put on, get on/off等3. 瞬間性動詞在

17、完成時中如要及表示持續(xù)一段時間的狀語連用，通常用意思相當(dāng)?shù)某掷m(xù)性動詞來替換He has been in the army/a soldier for three years. （他參軍已有3年了。）不用has joined She has been up for quite some time. （她起床已有好久了。）不用has got up Has your brother been away from home for a long time? （離家已有好久了嗎？）不用has left 2021/4/1319常用瞬間動詞相應(yīng)持續(xù)性動詞關(guān)系：1.go- be away e-be here

18、e back-be back 4.leave -be away（be not here） 5.buy-have 6.borrow-keep 7.die-be dead 8.begin-be on 9.finish-be over 10.open-be open 11.close-be closed 12.lose-be lost 13.get to know-know 14.turn on-be on 15.get up-be up 16.sit down-sit/be seated 17.join-be in（）或be amember 18.become-be4. 瞬間動詞的否定形式可以及表

19、示一段時間的狀語連用例如：I havent seen you for a long time.（好久沒見到你了。）2021/4/1320現(xiàn)在完成時考點(diǎn)例析一、考查其構(gòu)成“助動詞have (has) +動詞過去分詞”構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時。如：1. Kates never seen Chinese films，_ ? A.hasnt she B. has she C. isnt she D. is she析：陳述句部分含否定詞never,簡略問句部分要用肯定式，又因Kates是Kate has的縮寫，故選B。2. His uncle has already posted the photos to hi

20、m. (改為否定句)His uncle _ posted the photos to him _. 析：already常用在肯定句中，yet常用在否定句、疑問句中，故填hasnt, yet。3. -Ann has gone to Shanghai. -So _her parents. A. has B. had C. did D. have析：so+助/系/情態(tài)動詞+主語結(jié)構(gòu)中的動詞形式應(yīng)及前句結(jié)構(gòu)中動詞形式保持一致，又后句的主語為her parents是復(fù)數(shù),故選D析：因我丟了票的動作發(fā)生在過去，而且對現(xiàn)在造成了我不能參加音樂會的結(jié)果，符合現(xiàn)在完成時所表示的含意，故選C。2021/4/132

21、1二、考查其用法及標(biāo)志詞(一)當(dāng)句中有never, ever, just, already, yet, before等時，常用現(xiàn)在完成時。如：1. -Mum, may I go out and play basketball? -_you_ your homework yet? A. Do; finish B. Are; finishing C. Did; finish D. Have; finished2. -_ you _anywhere before? -Yes, but I cant remember where I_A. Did; surf; surfed B. Have; surf

22、ed; surfed C. Did; surf; have surfed D. Have; surfed; have surfed析：據(jù)yet和before可知,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時，故1題選D，2題選D。(二)當(dāng)句中有for +段時間或since +點(diǎn)時間等時，主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞，若是非延續(xù)性動詞要改為延續(xù)性動詞或表狀態(tài)的詞(短語)1. His brother has been to Stone Forest twice_he came to Yunnan. A. after B. before C. since D. for析：主句用的是現(xiàn)在完成時，而從句用的是一般過去時

23、，故選C。2. Tom_the CD player for two weeks.A. has lent B. has borrowed C. has bought D. has had析：ABC均為非延續(xù)性動詞，在肯定句中不及表段時間的短語連用，故選D。3. I_a letter from him since he left. A. didnt receive B. havent got C. didnt have D. havent heard析：據(jù)since可知，應(yīng)排除A、C，hear from sb.=receive/get/have a letter from sb.意為收到某人的來信

24、，故選B。2021/4/1322三、考查have/has been (to, in)/have/has gone (to)的區(qū)別。如：1. -Have you ever_Lintong to see the Terra Cotta Warriors?-Yes, I have. A. went to B. gone to C. been in D. been to析：據(jù)句中的have，排除A，B項(xiàng)意為去某地了，C項(xiàng)意為一直呆在某地，D項(xiàng)意為去過某地，符合題意，故選D。2. My parents _ Shangdong for ten years. A. have been in B. have

25、been to C. have gone to D. have been析：本題句中有for+段時間結(jié)構(gòu)，據(jù)此可排除C，B項(xiàng)意為去過某地，不合題意，D項(xiàng)缺介詞，故選A。2021/4/1323四、考查現(xiàn)在完成時及其他時態(tài)的聯(lián)系和區(qū)別。如：1. Suns aunt has gone there for ten years.(改成正確的句子)析：非延續(xù)性動詞及段時間連用時，除了把非延續(xù)性動詞改成延續(xù)性動詞外，還可把動詞改為一般過去時或借助句型Its +段時間+since+從句進(jìn)行句子轉(zhuǎn)換。故答案為：Suns aunt has been there for ten years. /Suns aunt

26、went there ten years ago. /Its ten years since Suns aunt went there. 2. Susan has been in this city for more than ten years.(改為同義句)_more than ten years _Susan _to this city. 析：據(jù)上題分析，且since引導(dǎo)的從句要用一般過去時，故填I(lǐng)t is, since, came。3. I wont go to the concert because I _my ticket. A. lost B. dont lose C. have

27、 lost D. is coming2021/4/1324Choose the best answer. 1. How long have you _ here?A. come B. got C. arrived D. been 2. My grandpa died _.A. at the age of my 2 B. for 2 years C. when I was 2. D. my age was 6.3. Jane has _ to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow.A. been B. gone C. went D. never been4.

28、It is ten years _ I last saw her.A. after B. since C. for D. that5.-Who will go to the station to meet Lorry? -I will. I _ her several times.A. met B. have met C. had met D. will meetDCBBB2021/4/13256. -What a nice dress! How long _ you _ it? -Just 2 weeks.A. will, buy B. did, buy C. are, having D.

29、have, had7.-Do you know Lydia very well? -Yes, She and I _ friends since we were very young. A. have made B. have become C. have been D. have turned8. The Smiths _ in China for 8 years. A. has lived B. lived C. have been D. live9. -Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black? - Sorry. He _ the Bainiao Park. A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. will go to10. -_ you ever _ to the US? - Yes, twice. A. Have, gone