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1、定語從句課件絕對經(jīng)典系列第1頁,共29頁,2022年,5月20日,0點54分,星期三知識準備什么是定語: 用來修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語、從句。.4.定語 修飾和限定名詞和代詞的詞。通常由形容詞,代詞(多為形容詞性物主代詞),數(shù)詞,介詞短語,動詞不定式,分詞和從句(定語從句)來擔當。 a kind girl, a book on the desk I have homework to finish. the fallen leaves the boy who is very smart第2頁,共29頁,2022年,5月20日,0點54分,星期三基本結(jié)構(gòu)He was holding onto a
2、tree that grew against the wall. 主句: He was holding onto a tree.從句:A tree grew against the wall. 還原第3頁,共29頁,2022年,5月20日,0點54分,星期三定語從句相當于一個形容詞,跟在名詞或代詞后修飾該名詞或代詞。1. 被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。2. 引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。 關(guān)系代詞:who, whom(作賓語成分), whose, that, which 關(guān)系副詞:when(時間), where(地點),why(原因)名詞/代詞 + 定語從句第4頁,共29頁,2022年,5月
3、20日,0點54分,星期三關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞 起連詞作用,本身又作從句中的主語、賓語、表語或定語 即起連接作用,本身又在從句中作時間、地點或原因狀語who,whom(的人)whose(某人的)which(東西,指物)that(的人或物,指物或人)as(象那樣的,和相同,正如)when(的時候,修飾的時間名詞)where(的地方修飾場所、方位等名詞)why(原因;理由)第5頁,共29頁,2022年,5月20日,0點54分,星期三關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的作用:1、引導(dǎo)作用 2、替代作用3、在定語從句中擔當某個成分的作用Eg: 1.Those who want to go please should be
4、 ready.2. Bill, who was my student , asked me questions. 關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語從句,同時指代先行詞在 定語從句中充當?shù)某煞?所以先行詞在定語從句中不再出現(xiàn),也不用其他詞代替Bill is a boy who I teach him.第6頁,共29頁,2022年,5月20日,0點54分,星期三引導(dǎo)詞先行詞成分關(guān)系代詞who人主,賓whom人賓(可省)which物主,賓(可省)that人或物主,賓可省whose(=of whom/which)人或物定關(guān)系副詞where (=介詞+which)地點詞狀when(=介詞+ which)時間詞狀why (
5、= for which)reason狀第7頁,共29頁,2022年,5月20日,0點54分,星期三關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語從句時,既引導(dǎo)定語從句,又在定語從句中充當狀語。不能省略.關(guān)系副詞可轉(zhuǎn)化為介詞+關(guān)系代詞結(jié)構(gòu)。1、When指時間,在定語從句中充當時間狀語。 He told me the date when(on which) he joined the Party.2、Where指地點,在定語從句中充當?shù)攸c狀語。 This is the place where(in which) we lived ten years ago.3、Why指原因,在定語從句中充當原因狀語。 I know the r
6、eason why(for which) she was so angry. 第8頁,共29頁,2022年,5月20日,0點54分,星期三1.This is the park (that )we visited last year. This is the park where we held a birthday party.2.She wont forget the days (that )she spent on the island. She wont forget the days when they stayed together.關(guān)系副詞when, where和關(guān)系代詞that,
7、 which的區(qū)分。同樣是修飾一個地點,有時使用where,有時使用that/which;同樣是修飾一個時間,有時使用when, 有時使用that/which。這主要看兩點:一:先行詞在從句中所作成分;二:是定語從句中的謂語動詞是否是一個及物動詞。第9頁,共29頁,2022年,5月20日,0點54分,星期三(1)This is the factory _ I visited last year. (2)This is the factory _ I worked last year. (3)This is the factory _ produces all kinds of TV sets.
8、 用關(guān)系副詞和關(guān)系代詞where B. which C. whom D. whose以上三個句子只有細微的差別,但答案卻不同:做這種題時,要通過還原先行詞,看先行詞在定語從句中所充當?shù)某煞郑?)中是動賓關(guān)系,即I visited the factory.因此選which2)中factory應(yīng)在定語從句中作地點狀語,即:I worked in the factory,因此選where。3)中是作定語從句中的主語,即: the factory produces all kinds 不作地點狀語,因此選whichABB第10頁,共29頁,2022年,5月20日,0點54分,星期三(1)Hangzho
9、u is the place _ I went last summer.2) He read the book _ his sister had told him about.3) The reason _ Peter is so happy is that he passed the exam.4) I remember the day _ my father died. I was only ten years old at that time.5) Please give me the reason _ you were late this time.6) I will go back
10、to the place _ I grew up and live there forever.Why/ for whichwherewhich/that/ xWhen/on whichwhyWhere/in which第11頁,共29頁,2022年,5月20日,0點54分,星期三二.關(guān)系代詞前介詞的確定1.根據(jù)從句中動詞與先行詞的邏輯關(guān)系,請體會:第12頁,共29頁,2022年,5月20日,0點54分,星期三This is the car _which I bought last year. This is the car _which I paid 100$.This is the car
11、 _which I spent 100$.This is the car _which I go to work every day.This is the car _ which I cant go to work.This is the car _which the old man was knocked downThis is the car _which a boy threw a stone.This is the car _which we talked .This is the car _which the window was broken /foroninwithoutbya
12、taboutof第13頁,共29頁,2022年,5月20日,0點54分,星期三 2. 根據(jù)從句中動詞或形容詞的習慣搭配,如:e.g. Can you explain to me how to use these idioms with which Im not familiar.3. 根據(jù)先行詞與介詞的搭配習慣,請體會:e.g. 1949 was the year in which the P.R.C. was founded.第14頁,共29頁,2022年,5月20日,0點54分,星期三The book _ I heard was written 20 years ago.The peopl
13、e _ the man spoke werent listening.The film _ I fell asleep was very boring.The pen _ she wrote that book can now be seen in a museum.The little creature _ scientists are interested is known as ET.The gun _ he was shot was never found.of whichto whomin whichwith whichin whichby which第15頁,共29頁,2022年,
14、5月20日,0點54分,星期三三.Whose引起從句可轉(zhuǎn)換為“ of +關(guān)系代詞”型,即 the+ n + of +which/whom 如:e.g. They live in a house, whose door opens to the south.They lived in a house, of which the door opens to the south. They lived in a house, the door of which open to the south.第16頁,共29頁,2022年,5月20日,0點54分,星期三四.限制和非限制性定語從句:restric
15、tive attributive clause(無逗號)non- restrictive attributive clause(有逗號).Xi hua who I met across in the street a few days ago has gone abroad. Xi hua ,who I met across in the street a few days ago has gone abroad.第17頁,共29頁,2022年,5月20日,0點54分,星期三五.一般說來,定語從句總是緊跟在先行詞的后面,但有時候定語從句與先行詞之間被其他成分分隔開來,這樣的句子叫分隔定語從句.
16、There are thousands of stars in the sky that are like our sun.The days are gone when we suffered so much.Carl still remembers one afternoon in his first year when the professor took the students to the chemistry lab.第18頁,共29頁,2022年,5月20日,0點54分,星期三六、由as引導(dǎo)的定語從句 as可作為關(guān)系代詞來引導(dǎo)定語從句。such as“像一樣的”,“像之類” the
17、 sameas“和同樣的 在這兩個句型中,as是關(guān)系代詞,其中such&same做定語,修飾主句的名詞、代詞,這個名詞是這個定語從句的先行詞,as在從句中擔任主、賓、表。例如:This is the same thing as we are in need of. Such people as you say are short now.第19頁,共29頁,2022年,5月20日,0點54分,星期三2. such as such為代詞,意思為”這樣的人/物“,as修飾先行詞such。 例如:This book is not such as I hope.3. the sameas “和同樣的
18、“ the same that “同一個” 來引導(dǎo)定語從句。意思幾乎相同。但從句中省去謂語時必須用as. 例如:She is the same age as you (that you are.) This is the same pen that I lost yesterday.4. ,as “這些”,“正如” as引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句,相當于which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句,有時可互換。例如:He is from Beijing, as/which they know from the way he speaks.第20頁,共29頁,2022年,5月20日,0點54分,星期三一.that
19、和which以下情況,引導(dǎo)詞用that,不用which1. 先行詞為不定代詞或被不定代詞所修飾everything,little,much,all,anything,nothing,etc.e.g. Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen.2. 先行詞前有形容詞最高級、序數(shù)詞修飾時,用that。e.g. This is the best book (that) Ive ever read.第21頁,共29頁,2022年,5月20日,0點54分,星期三3. 先行詞被the only,the very,the last 修飾時
20、,用that。e.g.He is the only person that I want to see now.4. 先行詞同時指人和指物時,用that。e.g. We talked about the things and persons that we saw then.5. 在who, which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句中, 定語從句中避免重復(fù),一般也只用that; e.g. Who is the man that is crying?6.關(guān)系代詞在從句中做表語,用 that.He doesn seem to the man (that)he was.7.在 there be結(jié)構(gòu)中用 thatT
21、here is a new type of shoes that youmight be fond of第22頁,共29頁,2022年,5月20日,0點54分,星期三This is the house in which Luxun once lived. in thatThe Changjiang River, which is the longest river in China, runs from west to east into the sea. (that)* 介詞后面和逗號后面不用that二.以下情況常用which而不用that(3)先行詞是指物的that,those She f
22、ound that which he looked for. (2)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時 (1)關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語時 第23頁,共29頁,2022年,5月20日,0點54分,星期三1.Anyone who breaks the law is punished.2.Those who break the law are punished.3.He who breaks the law is punished.4.He who has not been to the Great Wall is not a true man.三 在, anyone, those, he,that,you,they
23、 作先行詞時(指人), 用”who” 不用 “that”.第24頁,共29頁,2022年,5月20日,0點54分,星期三1. Which.as引導(dǎo)非限定語從句的不同:as引導(dǎo)非限定語從句可以放在句首,句中,或主句后面; which引導(dǎo)非限定語從句放在主句后面 Eg:As is known to all,Taiwan belongs to China. Mary was late again ,which made the teacher angry.2. as引導(dǎo)非限定語從句有“正如”“ 正象”之義,而 which 沒有,常見的結(jié)構(gòu)有:As we all know,as everybody c
24、an see, as is known to all, as is said above Paper, as we all know,was first made in China.第25頁,共29頁,2022年,5月20日,0點54分,星期三五、注意事項1. what不引導(dǎo)定語從句.what=all that I want to give you what I have.(賓語從句)2. 先行詞被the same 修飾時,關(guān)系代詞既可用that, 也可用as.但意義不同,前者表示“同一的”,后者表示“同樣的”。3. 關(guān)系副詞when/where/why其含義相當于on which/in which/for which等可交替使用。如:The day when/on which I met him first was May 1st.4.當先行詞為專有名詞或整個句子是世界上獨一無二的名詞時,一般用非限定性定語從句修飾。 例如:The sun, which gives us light, is very big.第26頁,共29頁,2022年,5月20日,0點54分,星期三 5. way
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