Unit 4語(yǔ)法特殊疑問(wèn)詞 to do以及must與have to-牛津譯林版八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)

1、8BU4語(yǔ)法:特殊疑問(wèn)詞+to do不定式與must&have to知識(shí)點(diǎn)1：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+todo不定式.句法功能wh 詞+不定式用作 decide、forget、remember understand、think 等的賓語(yǔ) Millie has decided what to read.Daniel did not say who to talk to about this book.Simon forgot when to meet his friends.wh詞+不定式可以做advise、ask show、teach、tell等引導(dǎo)的雙賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)中的第二個(gè) 賓語(yǔ)，即直賓Mr Wu aske

2、d us which to choose as aftcr-school activities.The students asked their teacher when to hand in their work.Mille showed us what to do next.wh詞+不定式可以作主語(yǔ)When to leave hasnt been decided yet.wh詞+不定式可以作表語(yǔ)The question is how to find him.wh詞+不定式還可以放在bc+形容詞之后，此類形容詞包括sure、clear等。Suzy was not sure who to as

3、k for help.Are you clear when to meet at the gate tomorrow?what、which、whose、how many以及how much等特殊疑問(wèn)詞還可以采用wh詞+名詞 +不定式的結(jié)構(gòu)作為賓語(yǔ)。They are discussing which color to pian the walls.You can ask your parents how much money to lake with you.例題精講.Have you decided to have the school trip?Not yet. It depends on

4、the weather.A. whenB. what C. how D. why分析：考察特殊疑問(wèn)詞。句意為一你決定什么時(shí)候去學(xué)校旅行了嗎？ 一還沒(méi)有。取決于天 氣。when什么時(shí)候；what什么東西；how怎么做，why為什么，因此選A。.We have two rooms, but I cant decide.A.to live; to choose which oneB.lived; choose which oneC.to live in; which one to chooseD.live; which one分析：考察特殊疑問(wèn)詞。前空應(yīng)該用動(dòng)詞不定式to live in做two r

5、ooms的后置定語(yǔ)，后 空考察“特殊疑問(wèn)詞which+名詞+動(dòng)詞不定式”的結(jié)構(gòu)。應(yīng)選C。意點(diǎn)(I)套動(dòng)詞不定式的動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞，需要加上后面的介詞。Daniel did not decide who to talk to about this novel.I am not sure who to turn to for help when I have problems.(2)原那么上，wh詞都可以接to do不定式，但是why不可以。Suzy will explain why to recommend this book.( X)Suzy will explain why she reco

6、mmends this book.( V)不過(guò)不定式不帶to,那么可用why。Why not visit the local theater and enjoy Beijing Opera?Why stay at home?how用于該結(jié)構(gòu)的注意點(diǎn)。有些動(dòng)詞后接how+不定式作賓語(yǔ)，how可以省略。I am going to learn how to swim =1 am going to learn to swim.但是有些動(dòng)詞后面接how+不定式作賓語(yǔ)，盡管其中的how無(wú)需翻譯出來(lái)，但是不能將 how省略。Amy doesnt know how (o write the report.wh

7、詞+不定式的結(jié)構(gòu)可以與復(fù)合句轉(zhuǎn)換。Sandy is wondering who she can ask for help.=Sandy is wondering who to ask for help.Millie showed us what we should do ncxt.=Millic showed us what to do next.what與how的選擇。(疑問(wèn)代詞與疑問(wèn)副詞)what后接及物動(dòng)詞；how后接不及物動(dòng)詞。I dont know what to do with these books. VS I dont know how to deal with these b

8、ooks.I dont know what to do.VS I dont know how to do it.例題精講3.We dont know it next. Leis go and ask Mr Li.A.what to do B.to do whatC.whcthcr to do D.to do whether分析：考察特殊疑問(wèn)詞+to do不定式。what to do后面不跟it； whether to do.意為是否 做總之，what/how + to do,這里的do是及物動(dòng)詞，如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，那么需要加介詞， 而where/when/why/how+to do,這里的do

9、是不及物動(dòng)詞。知識(shí)點(diǎn)2： must和have tol.must的基本含義must表示主觀上的義務(wù)，意思是必須You must keep quiet in the library.must表示推測(cè)，意思是一定。He must be at home now.must表示“偏要、非要”If you must smoke, please go out.must和have to的區(qū)別(1)意義區(qū)別musl表示說(shuō)話人的主觀看法，即主觀上認(rèn)為必須要做某事；have I。表示客觀需要，客 觀條件導(dǎo)致了必須要做某事。I must run away from them.He has to take his dau

10、ghter from school in the afternoon.(2)形式上的區(qū)別。have lo有人稱、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)的變化,而must只有一種形式。I had to go out last night.He must go home next Friday.must的肯否認(rèn)結(jié)構(gòu)(l)表示可行性的反義：許可vs禁止即 can/may 與 mustnt-May I use your car?Yes, you may/can.(許可)You mustnt smoke in the library.(禁止)(2)表示必要性的反義：必須vs不必B|J must 與 dorft have to/don

11、t need to/needift doI must work hard now.We dont have to go to school at weekends.(3)表示可能性的反義：一定vs -定不即 must 和 cantHe must be in Shanghai now.He cant be in the office now.注意：must引導(dǎo)的一般疑問(wèn)句用must作肯定回答,用dont have to/don,t need to/neednt作否認(rèn)回答。一Must I finish my homework now?一Yes, you must.一No, you neednt/d

12、onH have lo/doni need【o（結(jié)尾 lo 不可省略）例題精講：.Must I return the book now?-No, you. You can return it later.A.mustnt B.shouldnt C.dont have to D.cant分析考察情態(tài)動(dòng)詞?？疾靘ust引導(dǎo)的一般疑問(wèn)句的回答方式，肯定回答為Yes, sb must, 否認(rèn)回答為 No, sb dont need to/sb neednt/sb dont have to。不可以用 No, sb mustnt 來(lái)回答，因?yàn)閙ustif t只有禁止、不準(zhǔn)的意思，沒(méi)有不必的意思。應(yīng)選C.M

13、ust I make the bed now, Mum?Noz you. You do it later.A. mustnt; must B. mustnt; may C. dont have to; may D. dont have to; must 分析：考察must引導(dǎo)的一般疑問(wèn)句的否認(rèn)回答，以及must和may的區(qū)別?？疾靘ust 引導(dǎo)的一般疑問(wèn)句的回答方式，肯定回答為Yes, sb must,否認(rèn)回答為No, sb dont need to/sb needn, t/sb don t have to, 不可以用 No, sb mustnt 來(lái)回答，因?yàn)?mustnt 只有 禁止、不準(zhǔn)的

14、意思，沒(méi)有不必的意思。所以排除A、Bo問(wèn)句為“一媽媽，我必須現(xiàn)在整 理床鋪嗎？答句為：“不，你不必現(xiàn)在做。你可以稍后做”，而不是“不，你不必現(xiàn)在做。 你必須稍后做”與實(shí)際不符，排除D項(xiàng)，選C。. Its late. I sleep here.A. must B. have to C. has toD. had to解析:考查must和have to的區(qū)分，不是主觀，而是被迫，那么用have to,排除掉A,考 慮時(shí)態(tài)，是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，排除C.D,應(yīng)選B。【練習(xí)】一、單項(xiàng)選擇-Must we finish the exercise today?-No, you .A. mustnt B. cant

15、 C. dont need D. dont have to- Wow, Wendy. Its cool to make a short video with your mobile phone.一Just with a software called Meipai. Let me show you.A.which to useB.how to use itC.vvhat to use D.where to useThere isnt much time left, so we hurry to the railway station.A.must B. have toC. shouldD. n

16、eed- 1 dont know next.Youd better tidy up your bedroom first.A.what lo do B. how to do C. what can I doD. how I can do-You leave without telling me where you,re going.Sorry, mom. I will never forget it.A.must B. mustnt C. have to D. dont have to- Why did Daniel talk to the librarian in the school li

17、brary just now?-He asked her.A.when to hand in the homework B. how to travel around the worldC. what to do with the computerD. where to find English dictionariesIf you dont know your hands, you can follow the seven-step hand-washing methodA.what to wash B. when to wash C. why to wash D. how to washB

18、y coach may be a good way, but wc havent decided to get there yet.A. whenB. whyC. whoD. howHow nice the building is! What is it for? It a hotel. But Im not sure.A. must be B. have to be C. may be D. can be一look! It be David in the classroom.It be him, because I saw him in the library a moment ago.A.

19、 may; mustnt B. must; cant C. can; cant D. mustnt; canhits the museum! So you know shouting is not allowed here.A. can B. could C. must D. mayExcuse me. Could you please tell me my car?Sure. Park it right here. Ill help you.A. how to stopB. where to parkingC. where to stopD. when to park-Lets go to

20、the concert tonight, Michael!一Sorry, I.1 have lo help my mother with the housework.A. mustnt B. may not C. needntD. cantYou jump onto the bus while it is moving. Its too dangerous.A. mayB. may not C. must D. mustnt-Do you know for help when we are in trouble at school?Yes, our teachers and friends.A. who should we askB. what to askC. who to askD. how should we ask二、詞形填空一Could you tell me how(succeed) in making a speech in front of people?-Be confident.Li Feng did not know who(talk) to about