人教版高一定語(yǔ) 從句講解課件 牛津必修1

1、2021/8/9 星期一1Attributive clauses2021/8/9 星期一2What is attributive?A lovely girlSomething new the boy in white 2021/8/9 星期一31. The girl _ is sitting in the chair is a good singer.2. The skirt _ Mary bought two years ago is old.3. Is this the novel _ you introduced to me?4. Where is the boy _ broke the

2、 window?5. Luckily none of the people_I know were killed in the earthquake.who/thatwhich/thatthat/whichwho/thatwho/whom2021/8/9 星期一4Attributive Clause（定語(yǔ)從句）概念在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語(yǔ)從句.被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。He is an English teacher who likes singing songs.定語(yǔ)從句先行詞引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞關(guān)系代詞 :whowhomthatwhichwhose關(guān)系副詞:wherewhen

3、why2021/8/9 星期一5注意： 1 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中都要 充當(dāng)句子成分。 2 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞充當(dāng)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略，當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞充當(dāng)介詞的賓語(yǔ)且介詞不在關(guān)系代詞之前的，關(guān)系代詞也可省略。 3 定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要和先行詞保持一致。 4 定語(yǔ)從句分為限制性和非限制性兩種。 5 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系詞不可以省略。2021/8/9 星期一6關(guān)系詞先行詞所指關(guān)系詞在句中作用關(guān)系代詞that人/物主、賓、表which物主、賓、who人主、賓whom人賓whose人/物定as人/物/事情主、賓、表關(guān)系副詞when時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)where地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)why原因原因狀語(yǔ)2021/8/9 星

4、期一7 關(guān)系詞的作用： 1、連接作用 把主句和從句連接起來(lái) 2、替代作用 在從句中代替在它前面 的先行詞 3、成分作用 在從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分2021/8/9 星期一8例 1. The man _ gave you the talk yesterday is our teacher.that/who指人: that/who (主語(yǔ))2021/8/9 星期一9例2: The boy_ the nurse is looking after is my friend.(who/whom/that)指人: who/whom/that(賓語(yǔ),可省略)2021/8/9 星期一10例3: The car_ i

5、s red was damaged yesterday.that/which指物: that/which (主語(yǔ))2021/8/9 星期一11例4: The question_ I dont understand is about grammar.(that/which)指物: that/which (賓語(yǔ),可省略)2021/8/9 星期一12Titanic is the ship _sank after hitting an iceberg.which/that_2021/8/9 星期一13Ye Xin is a nurse died in the fight against SARS. a

6、 nurse/ die in the fight against SARSwho/that2021/8/9 星期一14 It used to be a small town. It is no longer a small town.=It is no longer the small town that it used to be.(作表語(yǔ)）2021/8/9 星期一15Our hometown is no longer the one (that) it used to be. = Our hometown is not the same as it used to be. = Our ho

7、metown is different from what it used to be。 = Our hometown is not what it used to be. 2021/8/9 星期一16Which woman is a teacher?The woman who lives next door is a teacher.1 The woman is a teacher.2 The woman lives next door.2021/8/9 星期一17 The boys are from Grade one. The boys are playing basketball. T

8、he boys are from Grade One.who/that are playing basketballThe boys who/that are from Grade one are playing basketball.2021/8/9 星期一182. The nurse is kind. The nurse looks after my sister. The nurse is kind.who/that looks after my sister3. We watched the play “ Teahouse”. The play was written by Lao S

9、he.We watched the play “teahouse” which/that was written by Lao She.2021/8/9 星期一194.The young man is a famous writer. You saw the young man yesterday. The young man is a famous writer. whom/who/that you saw yesterday5.This is the house. Lu Xun once lived in the house. This is the house which/that Lu

10、 Xun once lived in.2021/8/9 星期一206. Where is the girl? You talked with her last Sunday.Where is the girl who/whom/that you talked with last Sunday? 2021/8/9 星期一21關(guān)系代詞的用法：一、由who, whom, whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。who用作主語(yǔ)，whom用作賓語(yǔ)，whose用作定語(yǔ)。whose + n. = the + n.+ of + whom / which This is the man who helped me. The

11、doctor whom you are looking for is in the Room2E 2021/8/9 星期一22Mr King, whose legs were badly hurt, was quickly taken to hospital.Mr King was quickly taken to hospital.Her legs were badly hurt.HerWe shall make a decision about Ms King,whose story I have told you.We shall make a decision about Ms Kin

12、g.I have told you her story.her2021/8/9 星期一23Which house is mine?房頂是棕色的房子是我的。The house is mine.whose roof is brownMy house2021/8/9 星期一24I know the doctor.His daughter studies abroad.I know the doctor whose daughter studies abroad.Have you seen my book?The books cover is red.Have you seen my book who

13、se cover is red.2021/8/9 星期一25whose 在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)，表示引導(dǎo)詞與 whose 后的名詞為所屬關(guān)系。 whose多指人，也可指物，指物時(shí)可與 of which互換使用。指人時(shí)可用of whom.This is the book whose cover is blue.This is the book the cover of which is blue.2021/8/9 星期一26 Do you know the man whose name is Wang Yu? Do you know the man the name of whom is Wang

14、Yu ? Mary lives in the house whose roof is red. Mary lives in the house the roof of which is red.2021/8/9 星期一27Yesterday she talked with one woman _ husband died in that accident. A. which B. whose C. of which D. thatB2021/8/9 星期一28Who 特殊情況先行詞是all, everyone, one, ones, anyone且做主語(yǔ)時(shí)用who.Anyone who bre

15、aks the law should be punished.One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth.Everybody who were willing to see the film signed their names here.先行詞是those時(shí)， 用who.Those who want to see the film sign up here.2021/8/9 星期一29 注意： whom, which 作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞一般可放在關(guān)系代詞之前，也可放在原來(lái)的位置上；但是在含有介詞的動(dòng)詞固定詞組

16、中，介詞只能放在原來(lái)的位置上。 This is the person whom you are looking for.= This is the person for whom you are looking.2021/8/9 星期一301. Have you ever read the book _ _ there are many pictures?2. The man _ _ he had a talk yesterday is a doctor.3. The gentleman _ _ you just spoke is our headmaster.4. This is the n

17、ew bicycle _ _ I spent five hundred dollars.5. Here are the table tennis players, some _ _ are our old friends.The school has 2600 students, two thirds _ _ are girls.in which2021/8/9 星期一31三、由that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。that在從句中可以指人或物，在從句中做主語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ).但不能放在介詞后面作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。This is the school in that you will study. ( )This

18、 is the school in which you will study. ()This is the school (which/that) you will study in. ()2021/8/9 星期一32注意 在下面幾種情況下必須用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。 先行詞是不定代詞all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything 等。 All that we have to do is to practise every day. Something that we heard was of great truth. 2021/8/9

19、 星期一33 先行詞被序數(shù)詞、the last或形容詞的最高級(jí)所修飾。 The first thing that I learned will never be forgotten. This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen. 先行詞被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修飾。 I have read all the books that you gave me.2021/8/9 星期一34 先行詞被the only, the very 修飾。 This is the v

20、ery pen that I am looking for. He is the only person that I want to talk to. 先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。 They talked of things and persons that they remembered.2021/8/9 星期一35 當(dāng)句中已有who 或which時(shí)，為避免重復(fù)。Who is the man that is talking to John? 如有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，其中一個(gè)已經(jīng)用了which，則另一個(gè)用that.Edison built a factory which produced things

21、that had never been seen.2021/8/9 星期一366. 當(dāng)先行詞為way時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞可以有三種情況: that, in which 或不填。 I dont like the way you talked to your mother.（choose the one that is not proper for this blank） A. that B. which C. in which D. /B2021/8/9 星期一377. 在 Its time 句型中，后面的從句也可以看成是定語(yǔ)從句，通常有下面幾種句型。 It is (high / about)

22、time that 主語(yǔ) + 過(guò)去式 It is 序數(shù)詞 time that 主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ) (現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)) ( ) It is high time that I _to do the physics homework.A. go B. wentC. shall go D. have gone ( ) It is the first time _ he has been here.A. thatB. whenC. at whichD. whichBA2021/8/9 星期一388one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞+who/which/that +復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ) the (only) one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名

23、詞+ who/which/that +單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)She is one of the students who _ praised at the meeting yesterday. A. was B. were C. isD. areHe is the only one of the students who _a winner of scholarship for three years. A. is B. areC. have beenD. has beenBD2021/8/9 星期一39關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句：1、由where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句在修飾一個(gè)表示地點(diǎn)的名詞時(shí),常用wher

24、e引導(dǎo)。A book office is a place where tickets are sold.Where 在從句中做狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)。在本句中相當(dāng)于in which，所以此句可以改為：A book office is a place in which tickets are sold.因此定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系副詞where= 介詞 +which .2021/8/9 星期一402、定語(yǔ)從句在修飾一個(gè)表示時(shí)間的名詞時(shí)，常用when 引導(dǎo)。I still remember the year when we studied together.When在從句中時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，其作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)“介詞

25、+關(guān)系代詞”I still remember the year (which/that) we studied in together.I still remember the year in which we studied together.2021/8/9 星期一41This is the house where he lives.= This is the house _he lives.= This is the house _he lives in.in which(which/that)2021/8/9 星期一423、由why引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。關(guān)系副詞why 的先行詞只有reaso

26、n , 在從句中表示原因狀語(yǔ)。Do you know the reason why I left early?Why 在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)，其作用相當(dāng)于for which .Do you know the reason _I left early?但如果關(guān)系詞在從句中不是作狀語(yǔ)，而是作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)仍用that/which .The reason _ he gave us was unacceptable.for whichthat/which2021/8/9 星期一43關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選用。在定語(yǔ)從句中到底選用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞要看它們?cè)趶木渲兴洚?dāng)?shù)木渥映煞謥?lái)決定，有時(shí)同一個(gè)先行詞往往關(guān)系詞卻

27、不同。1.This is the factory which / that produces TV sets. This is the factory where my father once worked. (in which)2.Ill never forget the day that / which we spent together in the countryside. Ill never forget the day when his house was broken into. (on which) 2021/8/9 星期一44介詞+關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從

28、句多用于正式文體中，這樣的關(guān)系代詞主要是which, whom , whose .This is the house in which my grandfather once lived .The film of which Im speaking is to be shown next week .This is the man from whom I learn the news.2021/8/9 星期一45注意： 這類句子中的介詞也可以放在從句的末尾，這時(shí)關(guān)系代詞可省略。 This is the person (whom) you are going to work with .2021

29、/8/9 星期一46如何選用結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞根據(jù)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的搭配on which I spent five Yuan .for which I paid five Yuan This is the book from which I learnt a lotin which there are few new words about which Tom often talks 2021/8/9 星期一47根據(jù)先行詞的搭配習(xí)慣the day on which I joined the league.I still remember the days during which I lived i

30、n the country. the years in which I stayed there.2021/8/9 星期一48四、as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句: as用作關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，并在從句中做主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成the same as, such as等結(jié)構(gòu)。 I want to have such a dictionary as he has. I shall do it in the same way as you did. I like the same book as you do.2021/8/9 星期一49 as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)。在從句中做主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，這個(gè)

31、定語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明整個(gè)句子，可以放在主句之前、之中和之后。 The experiment is very important, as indeed it is. As is known to all, he studies very hard. As we all know, China is a developing country.常用于這種類似插入語(yǔ)的句式有as is said above, as is already mentioned above, as is known to all, as it is, as is often the case, as is reported in t

32、he newspaper2021/8/9 星期一50注意：which 和 as 的區(qū)別是：which不能放在句首，而as則可以；在句中時(shí)，as有“正如”、“就像”之意，而which 沒(méi)有。2021/8/9 星期一51下列每句均有一處錯(cuò)誤，請(qǐng)找出并改正。 1They talked for half an hour of the things and persons who they would deal with a few days later 2Who is the man who was praised at the meeting？ 3Is this the farm where you

33、 visited the other day？ 4Is this factory which you visited last week？ 5I want to buy the same dictionary that you have _that_that_that_as2021/8/9 星期一52鞏固練習(xí)：Finally the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police.Which B. whatC. whatever D. that2. He told me all _ he knew.whichB. whatC. tha

34、t D. how3. He was very rude to the Customs officer, _ of course made things even worse.who B. whomC. whatD. which2021/8/9 星期一534. Is the river _ through that town very large?which flowsB. flowsC. that flowingD. whose flows5. The most important thing_ we should pay attention to is the first thing _I

35、have said. A. which; that B. that; which C. which; which D. that; that 6. The songs _ she sang in the concert yesterday sounded _A. /, beautifullyB. that ,wonderfullyC. which , wellD./, nice2021/8/9 星期一547. The result of the experiment was very good, _we hadnt expected.A. when B. that C. whichD. wha

36、t8. You may keep any _ you find Athat Bwhich Cwhat Dwhom9. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person_ she could turn for help.to whom B. whoC. from whomD. that10. The Great Wall is the last place _Mr. smith is going to visit before he leaves Beijing.A. whereB. which C. / D. what2021/8/9 星期一551

37、1.They study in a small classroom _ floor is broken Awhose Bwhich Cwhere Dthat12. Next Sunday is the only day _ he can spare to join us Athat Bwhich Cwhen Don which13. He isnt the man _ he used to be Athat Bwhom Cwho Dwhich14. Please pass me the dictionary _ cover is black Awhich Bwhich of Cits Dwho

38、se2021/8/9 星期一5615.Through practice we can learn a lot _ can not_ from books Awhich；be learned Bthat；learn Cwhich；learn Dthat；be learned2021/8/9 星期一574Is this factory which you visited last week？This is factory which you visited last week.This factory is which you visited last week.This is the facto

39、ry which you visited last week.Is this the factory which you visited last week?This factory is the one which you visited last week.Is this factory the one which you visited last week?2021/8/9 星期一58 which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。 I have lost my pen, which I like very much. She was awarded a gold medal, which the whole family considered a great honor. She is always late for class, which makes the teacher angry.2021/8/9 星期一59限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句:限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句和先行詞關(guān)系密