新編第二版新視野大學(xué)英語(yǔ)第三冊(cè)u(píng)nit6第六單元sectionA

1、How to Prepare for Earthquakes1. About natural disasters:hurricane tornado flood drought storm Tangshan Peoples Bank-a four-storey concrete and brick building-collapsed completely during the earthquake. The Chengli Bridge in Tangshan crumpled during the earthquake. The Tangshan earthquake of 1976:2.

2、 Natural disasters happened in China:Flood of 1998:Paramilitary policemen work hard to build up a solid dam. Home were severely damaged or destroyed. Paramilitary policemen swam in the flood to save the injured.The stranded trucks wait to move on the snow-covered Beijing-Zhuhai expressway in central

3、 Chinas Hunan Province. Freezing rain causes power line failures and ice covered roads.Snow disaster of 2021:Emergencies can happen anywhere at anytime. Its crucial to be prepared before disaster strikes. 1.Preparation for disaster.TipsKeep a well-stocked first aid kit. Fire extinguishers are afford

4、able. Install smoke, gas and carbon monoxide detectors outside each sleeping area in your home, and change batteries regularly.Keep a phone list of emergency contacts in your vehicle and wallet or purse.Children should know their street address and last name, and how to dial 911.What can we do to pr

5、epare to keep our family and home safe? Keep a bag stocked with cash, nonperishable food and water (3 days worth for each family member), battery-powered radio, flashlight, first-aid kit, extra eyeglasses and prescription drugs, change of clothes and sturdy shoes, keys, pet supplies, and blanket or

6、sleeping bag. Make sure all family members know where the bag is kept. 2. If earthquake occurs, what should we do? 1) Put your safety first! 2) Be quick to turn off all heat sources ! 3) If fires breaks out, extinguish it quickly ! 4) Dont rush outside ! 5) Dont go near narrow lanes nor alleys, fenc

7、es cliffs or riversides ! Tips6) Be ready to take precautions against landslides and flooding ! 7) If evacuations is necessary, go on foot. Carry as little baggage as possible ! 8) Help others, giving first-aid to the injures ! 9) Try to obtain correct information so as not to be misled by rumors !

8、10) Dont panic ! Take sanitary precautions ! Words & expressions relevant to the themewater, food, first aid supplies, clothing and bedding, tools and emergency supplies, and special items for medical conditions.electricity and gas, available, minimize usage. fire fighting equipment, bucket, extingu

9、isher.place heavy objects in low positions, attach cupboards to walls, fasten doors, falling of furniture, dangerous, stay away from downed power lines.an emergency plan, a meeting point, check in with a friend or relative.dont panic, remain calm, patient. A. The way to develop the text:Structure An

10、alysisGeneral Statements + Details + ConclusionThe text tells mainly about how to prepare for an earthquake, namely, the prediction, prevention and preparation of earthquakes. General Statement 1 + Details123-67Ways of DevelopmentParagraphsConclusionGeneral Statement 2 + DetailsGeneral Statement 3 +

11、 Details B. Complete the Main IdeasPara. 1 To _ when an earthquake is going to happen.Para. 2 To _ the great destruction of property caused by earthquakes.Para. 36 To _ the possibility of a great earthquake.Para. 7 Even if prediction becomes possible, people still have to do their best to prevent di

12、sasters by _ and by _ _.predictpreventprepare forimproving building structures personally preparedbeing1) Wire the earth and sea 2) Watch animals and plants 3) The amount of radon waxes How can we know about warning signs of earthquakes? Para. 1 UnderstandingTips2. What animals show what signs of ea

13、rthquakes? Para. 1I can predict earthquakes!Can seismologists do that? Some advance warnings of an impending earthquake.MoreA. Well water rose and fell with cracking or gas. B. Chickens refused to eat and ran around chirping (吱喳而鳴). C. Mice and yellow weasels (黃鼠狼) ran around to hide. D. A goldfish

14、jumped wildly in its bowl. E. Strange lights (fireballs) as well as loud sounds were seen the night preceding the earthquake. TipsBy falling buildings.Para. 2Tips3. How are most of the people killed in an earthquake? Tip1) Steel joint/an I-joint2) Equally strong columns & horizontal beams3) Deep ver

15、tical support columns4) Light roofs & strong walls4. What building structures might prevent the great destruction of property? Para. 2Tips1) Check/reinforce homes 2) Place heavy objects 3) Attach cupboards & cabinets 4) Fasten doors 5. What should people do to prepare their houses? Para. 3TipsWhat s

16、hould people need for their earthquake survival supplies?Paras. 45water & foodradio receivertorchextra batteriesfirst-aid suppliesspadeMoreMoretentropeclothingfire extinguisherauxiliary cooking & heating sourceheavy shoes or bootsCheck in with a far-awayfriend or relative 7. How can family members k

17、eep in touch during an earthquake? Para. 6TipsEducation concerninghow to survive anearthquake.What should be a major emphasis for all government programs and earthquake-related research projects? Para. 7Tipdetectwaxwithstandencloseextinguishsensibleresistantprecaution3. Key Words 1) detect vt:Many f

18、orms of cancers can be cured if detected early.如果許多癌癥在早期被發(fā)現(xiàn)，那么是可以治愈的。 我覺察到他的態(tài)度有微妙的變化。 I detected a slight change in his attitude.notice or discover, esp. using a special method 覺察，發(fā)現(xiàn)；探測(cè)Translationdetectable a. 可覺察的，可看穿的detective n./a. 偵探，偵探的detection n. 覺察，探測(cè)；偵察 AssociationCollocationdetect sb. in (

19、doing) sth. 覺察某人在做(壞事)He was detected in the act of cheating on the exam.他考試時(shí)作弊被發(fā)現(xiàn)了。2) waxIt is obvious that a coating of wax was put on the paper.顯然，紙上涂了一層蠟。vi. increase; grow 變大，增強(qiáng)U. a solid fatty or oily substance 蠟TranslationHer feelings for John wax and wine.她對(duì)約翰的感情時(shí)好時(shí)壞。(月的)盈虧圓缺 喻盛衰3) withstand

20、 vt.:bear or resist 經(jīng)受，承受，頂住Collocationan attacksevere teststhe stormhard wear (fire)hardshipwithstand 抵御攻擊 經(jīng)得起嚴(yán)峻的考驗(yàn) 頂?shù)米”╋L(fēng)雨 耐穿(火) 能吃苦這雙鞋子很耐穿。The pair of shoes withstands hard wear.Translation軍隊(duì)太弱了，抵擋不了任何進(jìn)攻。The troops were too weak to withstand any attack.4) enclose vt.:他們用籬笆圍住了院子。They enclosed their

21、 yard with a fence.surround圍住，包住put sth. in an envelope or parcel附寄Translation茲附上200美元支票。I enclosed herein a check for 200 US dollars.Associationenclosed a. 被附上的enclosure n. 圈地，圍欄；隨信附件5) extinguish vt.:to extinguish a fire 滅火put out使熄滅，撲滅end the existence of sth.使(希望等)破滅TranslationHis dream of an ac

22、tor is extinguished withthe failure.他的演員夢(mèng)隨著失敗而破滅。Associationdistinguish v. 區(qū)別，區(qū)分6) sensible a.:預(yù)防總是比治療更明智，而且花費(fèi)更少。Prevention is always more sensible and less costly than cure. based on good judgment and practical ideas 明智的，合理的TranslationCollocationa sensible man 理智的人a sensible decision 明智的決定a sensibl

23、e arrangement 合理的安排 sense n./vt. 感覺，意義，見識(shí)；感到，理解sensitive a. 敏感的，靈敏的，感光的 AssociationA driver has a good _ of locality.It would be _ to leave early, in case theres a lot of traffic.3. She is very _to what people think of her. Blank fillingsensible sense sensitivesensesensiblesensitive7) resistant a.:o

24、ffering resistance抵抗的，對(duì)抗的Collocationwater-heat-bullet-resistant 防水的 防熱的 防彈的Associationpersistent a. 堅(jiān)持的，固執(zhí)的；持續(xù)的insistent a. 堅(jiān)持不懈的assistant n./a. 助手，助理 助理的，輔助的TranslationConservative people are usually resistant to change.保守的人通常反對(duì)變化。Collocation8) precaution n.:an action done to prevent sth. from happ

25、ening預(yù)防，預(yù)防措施take precaution against 采取預(yù)防的措施Translation政府采取了各種預(yù)防措施，以防止非典的進(jìn)一步蔓延。The government has taken all precautions to prevent further spreading of SARS. 留意，觀察離開，從出來(lái)別忘了；畢竟，終究將插入，嵌入將附在/縛在救生儲(chǔ)藏熄滅，撲滅救急方案4. Useful Expressions watch for come out ofafter allinsert intoattach tosurvival suppliesput outem

26、ergency plan會(huì)合點(diǎn)加之，除之外登記，報(bào)到一般概率對(duì)有抵抗力對(duì)有影響/起作用在工作的地方就達(dá)成一致意見a meeting pointin addition (to)check ingeneral probabilitybe resistant tomake a differenceat workagree on/upon wire: used as a verb here, it means to place wire.5. Key and Difficult Sentences“In Japan, scientists have wired the Earth and sea to

27、 detect movement. (L3)在日本，科學(xué)家通過在陸上和海洋鋪設(shè)電線來(lái)監(jiān)測(cè)其運(yùn)動(dòng)。In Japan, scientists have placed wires on the Earth and in the sea to discover the movements of the surface of the earth.be inserted deep into : put or introduce sth. into2) “Also, to prevent property damage, architects now design buildings so that the

28、 buildings columns and horizontal beams are of equal strength, and vertical support columns are inserted deep into solid soil. (L24)同樣，為了預(yù)防財(cái)產(chǎn)損失，建筑師如今設(shè)計(jì)樓房時(shí)會(huì)使房屋的支柱和橫梁力度相等，而垂直支柱那么深深插入堅(jiān)實(shí)的地基中。The Maxwell House inserted in a newspaper an advertisement : Good to the last drop. insert sth. into / in / betwe

29、en Translation麥?zhǔn)瞎?Maxwell House)在一家報(bào)紙上曾刊登了一那么廣告：滴滴香濃，意猶未盡。A reasonable arrangement is that every member of the family should call a friend or relative who lives more than a hundred miles away to report their situation.明智的安排是，讓所有的家人都給一個(gè)住在一百多英里之外的朋友或親戚打 ，以報(bào)平安。 3) A sensible arrangement is to have all

30、 of the members of the family call to check in with a friend or relative who lives more than a hundred miles away. (L55)check in : report ones arrival, as at a hotel desk, airport, etc.Its advisable to check in early to get a good seat on your flight.check in Translation最好早些到機(jī)場(chǎng)登記，以便得個(gè)好座位。4) However,

31、 even if prediction becomes possible, people who live in areas where earthquakes are a common occurrence will still have to do their best to prevent disasters by building structures that are resistant to ground movement and by being personally prepared. (L 61)Main Structure? people , will still have

32、 to do their best to prevent disasterswho live in areas (where earthquake are a common occurrence)by building structures (that are resistant to ground movement)by being personally prepared然而，即使可以預(yù)測(cè)，居住在地震頻發(fā)區(qū)的人們還是應(yīng)盡力預(yù)防災(zāi)難，方法是建造能夠抵抗地表運(yùn)動(dòng)的房屋，同事做好個(gè)人準(zhǔn)備。Paraphrase: However, even if it is possible to predict

33、earthquakes, people who live in areas where earthquakes are frequent will still have to try their best to prevent disaster, by building structures strong enough to resist ground movement; by personal preparations for earthquakes.The best way of keeping yourself far away from diseases is to build up

34、your resistance to them by exercising. be resistant toTranslation使自己遠(yuǎn)離疾病的最好途徑是通過鍛煉身體增強(qiáng)對(duì)疾病的抵抗力。Para. 1a Ideally, people would like to know when an earthquake is going to happen and how bad it will be. In both Japan and China, people have long believed that earthquakes can be forecast. In Japan, scien

35、tists have wired the Earth and sea to detect movements. The Chinese have traditionally watched animals and plants for warning signs of earthquakes. How to Prepare for Earthquakes Para. 1b For example, the Chinese have noted that before an earthquake, hens behavior changesthey refuse to enter their c

36、ages at night. They have also noticed that snakes come out of the ground to freeze to death and that dogs bark a lot, even normally quiet dogs. Before the Hanshin earthquake in Japan, there were reports of large schools of fish swimming near the surface of the water. Para. 1c Certain birds, like pig

37、eons, also seemed to be especially noisy and were reported to be flying in unusual patterns before the earthquake. Perhaps most interesting, and most easily measured, is a chemical change in ground water before a quake. Experimental data seem to indicate that the amount of radon (Rn) in the water un

38、der the surface of the Earth waxes before an earthquake. Para. 2a People would also like to be able to prevent the great destruction of property caused by earthquakes. After all, most of the people who die in earthquakes are killed by falling buildings. Therefore, building structures that can withst

39、and the power of earthquakes is a major concern. Steel seems to be the best material, but not if it is welded to form a rigid structure. Para. 2b Many new structures are built with a new type of steel joint, an I-joint, which appears to be the most durable type of joint. These joints of steel can mo

40、ve without breaking. Also, to prevent property damage, architects now design buildings so that the buildings columns and horizontal beams are of equal strength, and vertical support columns are inserted deep into solid soil. Para. 2c In addition, many new houses have relatively light roofs and stron

41、g walls. Concrete pillars for highway bridges that previously only had steel rods inside are now enclosed in steel. Para. 3 Besides working to improve building structures, people in areas where earthquakes are common need to prepare for the possibility of a great earthquake. They should regularly ch

42、eck and reinforce their homes, place heavy objects in low positions, attach cupboards and cabinets to walls, and fasten doors so that they will not open accidentally during an earthquake.Para. 4a In addition to preparing their houses, people in these regions need to prepare themselves. They should h

43、ave supplies of water and food at home and at work. It is best to store several gallons of water per person. It is also important to have something that can clean water and kill bacteria, so water from other sources can be made safe to drink. Para. 4b Store one weeks food for each person. Earthquake

44、 survival supplies include a radio receiver, a torch, extra batteries, first aid supplies, a spade, a tent, some rope, and warm clothing. Experts also suggest the following:Para. 5a Keep a fire extinguisher handy. You should have one at home, at work, and in your car (if you have one). The fire exti

45、nguisher should be able to put out any type of fire. Have the proper tools to turn off gas and water lines if necessary. Arrange an auxiliary cooking and heating source that can be used outside. One alternative is a portable camp stove with small cans of gas. Para. 5b Keep a pair of heavy, comfortab

46、le shoes or boots in your home, at work, and in your vehicle. If there is an earthquake, there will be lots of fragments of broken glass. Light shoes will not protect your feet as well as heavy shoes will.Para. 6a Every family needs to have earthquake emergency plans. How will family members leave t

47、he area during the chaos following an earthquake? Everyone should agree on a meeting point outside of the areaperhaps in a town several miles away. Also important is an arrangement for family members to communicate if there is an earthquake. Para. 6b If an earthquake happens in a large city, many of

48、 the telephone lines within the city are likely to be down. The few remaining working lines will be busy with the calls that naturally occur after a disaster and it will be difficult to call from one part of the city to another. It might, however, be possible to call outside the city. A sensible arr

49、angement is to have all of the members of the family call to check in with a friend or relative who lives more than a hundred miles away.Para. 7a Although scientists still cannot predict earthquakes, they are learning a great deal about how the large plates in the Earths crust move, the stresses bet

50、ween plates, how earthquakes work, and the general probability that a given place will have an earthquake. Someday soon it may actually become possible to predict earthquakes with accuracy. Para. 7b However, even if prediction becomes possible, people who live in areas where earthquakes are a common

51、 occurrence will still have to do their best to prevent disasters by building structures that are resistant to ground movement and by being personally prepared. These precautions can make a great difference in saving lives and preventing the loss of homes. Education concerning how to survive an eart

52、hquake should be a major emphasis for all government programs and earthquake-related research projects. Since earthquakes may cause great destruction, we need to learn how to _ them quickly. Animals always give us _. For example, before an earthquake hens would not enter their cages; rats run out fr

53、om their hiding places and march fearlessly through houses; even normally quiet dogs _ in chorus all over town. Pigeons are _ noisy and fly in _ patterns. And most _ is a chemical _ in ground water before _. 1.SummaryB. detectA. warningsB. barkD. especiallyB. unusualB. noticeableA. changeD. a quake

54、To prevent destruction of _, the architects design columns and horizontal beams of equal strength. _ the efforts to _ building structures, people also should prepare their houses for the _ of a great earthquake. It is _ to check and _ their homes regularly. And remember to place heavy _ in low posit

55、ions, attach cupboards and cabinets _walls, _. All these precautions can make a great _ in saving lives and _ the _ of homes.A. properlyD. BesidesB. improveD. possibilityA. advisableB. reinforceB. objectsA. toB. and so onC. differenceA. preventingC. loss?讀寫教程 III?: Ex. X, p. 161The world has learned

56、 something concerning earthquake prediction from the Chinese, who have noted that before an earthquake, some animals would change their normal behavior. 1).世界從中國(guó)人那里學(xué)到了一些有關(guān)地震預(yù)測(cè)的東 西，中國(guó)人注意到在地震來(lái)臨之前，一些動(dòng)物會(huì) 改變它們通常的行為。change their normal behaviorsomething concerning earthquake prediction2. TranslationAs mos

57、t of the people who die in earthquakes are killed by falling buildings, building structures must be improved so that they can withstand the power of earthquakes.2). 由于在地震中遇難的大局部人都是被正在倒塌的建 筑物砸死的，所以一定要改進(jìn)建筑結(jié)構(gòu)，使它們能 夠抵御地震的力量。die in earthquakeswithstand the power of earthquakes3). 除了努力改進(jìn)建筑結(jié)構(gòu)之外，地震多發(fā)地區(qū)的人們還應(yīng)

58、該在其他幾個(gè)方面為可能發(fā)生的大地震作好準(zhǔn)備。besides working toprepare for the possibility of a great earthquake Besides working to improve building structures, people in areas where earthquakes are common should also prepare for the possibility of a great earthquake in several other aspects.areas where earthquakes are co

59、mmon4). 要將英英詞典放在手邊。當(dāng)你不能準(zhǔn)確地理解一個(gè)字時(shí)，你就能夠隨時(shí)查閱它。refer to it any time Keep an English-English dictionary handy, and when you cannot interpret a word with accuracy, you may refer to it any time. interpretwith accuracykeephandy5). 明智的做法是每個(gè)家庭都制定地震救急方案，而且所有的家庭成員都應(yīng)該知道在地震過后的混亂中如何離開那個(gè)地區(qū)。It is sensible for sb. to

60、 It is sensible for every family to make earthquake emergency plans and all the family members should know how to leave the area during the chaos following an earthquake.during the chaos following an earthquakemake earthquake emergency plans6). 由于剩下的幾條可用 線路將會(huì)很忙，所有的家人都應(yīng)該往住在遠(yuǎn)離地震區(qū)域的某個(gè)朋友或親戚家中打 報(bào)平安。the f